Planting method and garden selection of cherry in greenhouse
1. When building the shed, choose loam or sandy loam with sunny lee, abundant sunshine, flat terrain, convenient irrigation and drainage and loose soil. According to the heat dissipation of the shed, the area of the shed should be 300-400 square meters.
2, timely buckle shed
Generally, it should be built in a greenhouse with a single slope from east to west. In order to reduce the cost, the north wall can be beaten with soil. The east and west walls are 3 meters high and 3.5 meters high at a distance of 2 meters from the north wall. Supported by plaster strips (with steel bars inside). The south wall is 2.5 meters high, and the east and west walls are respectively provided with a working door and a ventilation window. The window is off the ground 1.5 meters high, and all the north and south walls are covered with mud (except the window). Used for cold protection and heat preservation. Gypsum strips (with steel bars) in the shed are the main pillars. The row spacing between columns is 3.5 meters. Bamboo is used as the skeleton above the column, connecting the south wall and the north wall, tied into a 50 cm square, and covered with a non-dripping film. Put a straw curtain on the film. The tent-fastening time is between the end of February 1 early month.
Variety selection
1. The purpose of establishing greenhouse cherry is to get cherry on the market early, so as to obtain higher economic benefits. Therefore, in the selection of varieties, we should choose excellent varieties with early maturity and high self-flowering and fruit-setting rate. Such as red light, scarlet, cinnabar, pointed leaves and other varieties. At the same time, pollination trees (such as Rubins or Steiner) should be configured according to the ratio of 4: 1. Prevent low self-pollination rate and low quality.
2. Choose strong seedlings or strong trees for close planting.
In order to use the land more economically, we will soon see the benefits. Cherry seedlings should be strong seedlings with strong roots, many fibrous roots, Miao Zhuang and full buds, or 5-8-year-old trees with short body and many internal branches. The rootstock should be wild cherry seedling rootstock, and the intermediate rootstock should be dwarf rootstock (such as Caiyang dwarf cherry).
The healthy trees that have borne fruit should be sprayed with proper amount of paclobutrazol to inhibit their growth. The planting density of strong seedlings in the shed should be controlled at 2 meters spacing? 3 meters or 1 meter? 2 meters, strong seedlings can be controlled at 3 meters? 4 meters.
Soil, fertilizer and water management
Cherry is very sensitive to soil moisture, and it is neither drought-resistant nor waterlogging-tolerant. Therefore, we should choose loose and breathable soil, use less quick-acting fertilizer and use more organic fertilizer. Cherry watering doesn't need large water temperature irrigation, does it? Is the water on the ground wet? Do it. Topdressing before germination, mainly nitrogen fertilizer. In February and March, topdressing special fertilizer for fruit trees, with the fertilization amount of 0.2-0.4 kg per plant. At the same time, according to the implementation situation, foliar fertilizer was applied 1-2 times in the flower and fruit period. After fruit picking, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer are mainly used to promote flower bud differentiation. Apply base fertilizer in autumn, mainly soil miscellaneous fertilizer, 2000 kg soil miscellaneous fertilizer per mu. The above fertilizers should be watered once at a time.
Temperature control in shed
The temperature control of cherry shed is very important. If it is not properly controlled, freezing injury may occur, resulting in low fruit setting rate and rotten fruit leaves. Therefore, after the tent is buckled, special attention should be paid to temperature control. Within 3-4 days, the operating door ventilation window should be fully opened. Close the operation door and ventilation window gradually in 3- 10 days, and gradually cover the grass curtain at night after 10 days and raise the temperature. When the temperature rises to 16℃, close the ventilation window straw curtain after ventilating 10-17 and 17 every day (after the sun comes out every day, the suitable humidity of young fruits to the coloring period is 60%-70%, which can be controlled by ventilation. From coloring to harvesting, the appropriate humidity is 60-70%, and ventilation is needed until the film is gradually uncovered. After the harvest period, all the films can be uncovered, and fertilization and watering are needed to strengthen underground management.
Plastic trimming
1. For the convenience of shaping and pruning, naturally happy or freely rotating silk trees are mainly used. This kind of tree has a small crown, is suitable for close planting, is easy to shape and bears fruit early. Cherry trees are vigorous, erect and difficult to open. Sap flows in spring or apple branches are pulled after August-September in autumn. The opening angle is generally 50-80 degrees to ease the growth of trees and increase the amount of flowers. In order to promote the growth of branches and the differentiation of flower buds, the growing branches should be shortened before germination in spring to promote the growth of new branches and wide crowns. Carve the lateral buds on the missing branches or long branches to promote the growth of new branches and increase the bearing branches. In summer, when the main branch is extended to 30-40 cm, the top can be cut off by 10 cm, and the remaining branches and back main branches are left with short sections of 5- 10 cm. The vigorous branches can be enucleated twice, and the strong branches on the back can continue to enucleate, thus promoting the formation of fruiting branches.
Step 2 Apply paclobutrazol
When paclobutrazol is applied 2-3 years after planting, when there are many branches, the effect of promoting flowers is remarkable. The application method can be soil application or spraying, and the suitable time is from late April to late May. Generally 2-3 years old, planted1.5g; Use 3 grams for strong trees.
3. Improve the fruit setting rate and fruit quality.
Because of the high temperature and poor ventilation in the shed, it is very important to assist pollination at flowering stage. Peak fruit setting or artificial pollination can be used to improve the fruit setting rate. At the same time, spray 0.3% urea +0.3% borax or 0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution every 10 day to improve the fruit setting rate. In the early stage of fruit coloring, shading leaves should be removed properly; Laying a reflective film under the canopy; Pull up the reflective curtain on the north wall of the single slope shed and spray it twice at the same time? Red fruit 88? Can promote fruit coloring and early maturity.
Eliminate pests and diseases
The main diseases of cherry trees are bacterial perforation and round spot of peach. Before germination, the whole tree should be sprayed with Pomei 5 degree stone sulfur mixture once. In late June and late July, spraying 200 times lime and Bordeaux solution on the leaves can also treat leaf-eating pests such as thorn moths.
What points should be paid attention to when planting cherries in greenhouse in summer? 1. Summer Pruning of Cherry:
Pruning cherry in greenhouse in summer is usually carried out when the film is uncovered, mainly to shrink the crown of cherry and prune it again.
1. Retraction method: This method can reduce the overall height of each cherry crown by 50 ~ 80 cm, and prevent the trees from getting taller and taller, which will affect the indoor ventilation and light transmission conditions.
2. Pruning and dewatering: This method mainly prunes the strong branches and the middle branches, allowing them to retract to the middle or back branches and re-cultivate and develop into the main branches.
3. Fine pruning method: The main branches and branches planted on the trunk are finely pruned, and the dense chicken feet, upright branches, overlapping branches and peripheral competitive branches are thinned out, the heavy and short branches are cut into medium and long branches, and the flat and oblique middle branches are reserved.
4. Strengthen the cultivation of new fruiting branches: after re-cutting, many new buds and branches will be stimulated, and attention should be paid to cultivating new main branches or fruiting branches where the parts are suitable; If it is not suitable for the site, it must be germinated in time and each layer must be cleaned.
Second, the management of fertilizer and water:
1, topdressing and watering: Fertilize in time after uncovering the film. Dig a fertilization ditch with a depth of 30cm between each plant in each row, a width of 30cm from north to south and a length of 100cm from east to west, and apply 250g ~ 300mg of NPK compound fertilizer to each ditch. After sealing the soil, it should be restored to a high ridge, covered with plastic film and covered with film. It is necessary to combine ditching to cut off the exposed root system after excavation, renew and contract the root system, so as to reduce the root quantity and control the expansion of trees. When digging a ditch, be careful not to shovel the agricultural film at the bottom of the ditch. Water should be poured at the same time as fertilization. The second fertilization is carried out in the middle and late September, and the fertilization ditch should be dug on the other side of the planting line. You can rotate the operation every year in the future.
2. Spraying fertilizer outside the roots: after peeling and shrinking, spray fruit juice 1000 times every 7 ~ 15 days. Big? 2 1 16? +0.7% brown sugar +0.3% urea solution, 3 ~ 4 times in a row. After the end of June, use 0.4% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution +0.7% brown sugar solution +0.3% urea solution alternately, and spray/kloc-0 every 7 ~/0 days for 3 ~ 4 times continuously.
Thirdly, spraying paclobutrazol on cherry trees:
Cherry trees in summer can be sprayed with 200 ~ 300 times of 15% paclobutrazol every 10 ~ 15 days, and sprayed with 13 times continuously to inhibit the vigorous growth of new shoots and promote flower bud differentiation.
Fourth, timely drainage and flood control:
Cherry trees are afraid of flooding. Once there is water in the field for about 24 hours, trees will die because of the flood. Therefore, after uncovering the film, the ridge should be raised and covered with plastic film to prevent water accumulation. Pay attention to timely drainage when it rains, and it is forbidden to accumulate water between shed lines.
The edible effect of cherry is that cherry tonifies the middle energizer, tonifies qi, dispels wind and overcomes dampness. After treatment, the main symptoms are fatigue, shortness of breath, palpitation, listlessness, anorexia, dry throat and thirst, rheumatism, lumbago and leg pain, numbness of limbs, unfavorable joint flexion and extension, chilblain and so on.
1, anti-anemia, promoting hematopoiesis.
Cherry has a high iron content, ranking first among all kinds of fruits. Iron is the raw material for synthesizing human hemoglobin and myoglobin, which plays an important role in the process of human immunity, protein synthesis and energy metabolism, and is also closely related to brain and nerve function and aging process. Eating cherries regularly can supplement the human body's demand for iron, promote the regeneration of hemoglobin, not only prevent iron deficiency anemia, but also enhance physical fitness, brain and intelligence.
2. Prevention and treatment of measles.
When measles is prevalent, giving children cherry juice can prevent infection. Cherry stone has the function of sweating and detoxification.
3, hurricane dehumidification, insecticidal.
Cherry is warm, has the function of invigorating the middle energizer, expelling wind and removing dampness, and has a good curative effect on rheumatic lumbago and leg pain. Cherry root also has a strong insect repellent and insecticidal effect, which can drive away roundworms, pinworms and tapeworms.
4, astringent pain.
Folk experience shows that cherry can treat burns, relieve pain and prevent blistering and suppuration at the wound. At the same time, cherries can also treat mild and severe frostbite.
5. Beauty accommodation.
Cherry is rich in nutrition, and contains more protein, sugar, phosphorus, carotene and vitamin C than apples and pears, especially high in iron. Regular rubbing of face and wrinkles with cherry juice can make facial skin ruddy and fair, eliminate wrinkles and spots.
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