The pruning techniques of apple trees are as follows: 1. Pruning sequence: Prune apple trees in the order of pruning big branches first and then pruning small branches; Trim the lower branches first, and then trim the upper branches; Prune the branches in the crown first, and then prune the branches outside the crown.

For better ventilation, light transmission and high yield of fruit trees, the principle of "three sparse and three dense" should be followed when pruning red Fuji apple trees, that is, large branches are sparse and small branches are dense; The upper branch is sparse and the lower branch is dense; The branches outside the crown are sparse and the branches inside the crown are dense. 2. Slow-release by light cutting: During the planting period of 1~2 years, except the backbone branches or other branches with space, other moderate branches will not be cut slowly, and will be retracted after the results, and the branches that are too dense and too prosperous will be cut off appropriately.

3. Flush pruning: In order to prevent the slow release of branches year after year, there are many branches at the top of branches, which leads to the decrease of nutrients in the tree and the difficulty in forming flower buds. In this way, some branches move outward, some branches can retract, short branches are drawn from the lower part of * * *, and the remaining branches are slowly released to form flower buds. At the same time, for Fuji branches that have formed flower buds, they can be cut short to the flower buds during pruning to avoid peeling due to cutting short.

2. What is the principle of apple tree pruning?

Principle of apple tree pruning: (1) Because of tree pruning, pruning with branches should be adopted according to different age, tree vigor, variety characteristics and cultivation system. , and should adopt the corresponding plastic pruning method and appropriate pruning degree.

That is, focusing on the growth and development characteristics of the whole tree, starting from the local, so that pruning technology can play its due role. For example, the pruning method of young trees must be adopted as a whole, so as to control growth, promote flowering and bear fruit early.

If you pursue plastic surgery, the shortcut is too heavy, which will easily lead to the vigorous growth of trees and make it difficult to achieve early high yield. For apple trees in full fruit stage, it is necessary to rejuvenate in time, properly cut off some vegetative branches and retract some redundant or weak branches, which can prolong the fruiting period, stabilize the tree vigor and achieve the goal of high quality, high yield and stable yield.

According to the growth results of trees, reasonable pruning is the premise and foundation of plastic pruning. (2) The shaping and pruning of "tangible and intangible" apple trees should not only pay attention to the cultivation of the tree shape, but also adjust or induce the formation according to the specific conditions of the tree itself.

When cultivating trees, don't stick to the standards of trees, open the angle as soon as possible, bear fruit early and yield early, pay attention to the tree skeleton used in cultivation, lay a good foundation for a large number of fruits and high quality and yield, and ensure the correct plastic results. In addition, according to the situation of the tree, the local branches should be treated and adjusted, instead of forcing the tree shape, the branches of each part should be arranged reasonably, the primary and secondary branches should be distinguished, and the branches should be inserted in an orderly manner, so that the structure of the tree basically meets the requirements of high quality and high yield.

(3) The pruning amount of apple trees is directly related to the growth and development of trees. The more branches are removed, the weaker the tree becomes. Therefore, when pruning, the weakening effect on the tree body should be controlled to a minimum.

Special consideration should be given to the growth and early fruiting of young trees, and sufficient branches are needed. Give priority to with light, as far as possible open angle, light cut long put, less sparse.

This is conducive to expanding the crown, slowing down the growth potential and bearing fruit early. (4) "Restrain the strong and help the weak, correctly promote the control and rationally use the light" In the life cycle of apple trees, the relationship between growth and fruit often changes, and the growth and development of the tree also changes with the growth of the tree.

Therefore, when determining the pruning amount and degree, we should pay attention to the change with the development of the tree. It is necessary to control the growth of strong branches and support the rejuvenation of weak branches or weak branches.

For vigorous branches or individual trees, it is necessary to properly control and promote their flowering, and take the fruit as the crown; For weak branches, attention should be paid to promoting the rejuvenation of branches and prolonging the fruiting period; For a large number of branches with opaque scenery or crowded branches, it is necessary to thin or shrink branches in time to achieve the normal result of the transformation of young trees to the first fruit stage and the first fruit stage to the full fruit stage.

3. What is the basic method of apple pruning in winter?

There are several basic methods of pruning in winter: (1) short cutting or short cutting, that is, cutting off part of 1 annual branches.

Short cutting has a local effect on branch growth, and the closer it is to the incision, the more obvious the reaction is. Generally speaking, short cutting promotes branches, and the growth of new shoots will make the branches in the crown dense; It affects ventilation and light transmission, and the length of new shoots is delayed, which is not conducive to the formation of flower buds of terminal bud trees.

Especially in the young tree period. However, short cutting is beneficial to the formation of a solid skeleton, and it is also an important method to adjust the relationship between fruit tree growth and fruiting.

For trees with axillary buds, it is the main pruning method. Different pruning degrees have different effects on branches.

Generally divided into light, medium and heavy. Taking apples and pears as examples, 1/4- 1/5 is light chopped, 1/3- 1/2 is medium chopped, and 2/3-3/4 is heavy chopped.

Generally, the heavier the short cut, the bigger the bud near the incision and the fewer branches, and the stronger the growth potential, but the overweight short cut will weaken the growth potential. After light and short cutting, the local * * * has little effect, and it is easy to send out more short and medium branches, which is beneficial to the formation of flower buds.

However, the sensitivity of each tree species is different and should be treated differently. The reaction of cuttings is also affected by the quality of cuttings, branching position, incident angle and growth potential.

Generally speaking, the stronger the branch advantage, the greater the influence. Therefore, it should be used flexibly according to the specific situation.

(2) thinning 1 thinning of annual branches or perennial branches from the base is called thinning. The local thinning effect is not obvious, because removing some branches can improve the ventilation and light transmission conditions in the crown.

Generally speaking, thinning will weaken living branches. The more detailed, the heavier the weakness, so it is often used for balance. Tree species with high germination rate and strong branching ability are widely used.

Thinning is often used to remove dead branches, diseased branches, clustered branches, drooping branches, aging branches and over-dense branches, and the degree of thinning should be correctly grasped. (1) Shrinking shears, also called retraction shears, are short shears for perennial branches.

Shrinkage cutting can shorten the length of large and medium branches, reduce the number of branches and buds, shorten the distance between underground parts, concentrate nutrient supply, play a role in rejuvenation, and control the growth of some branches. Therefore, it is often used to update the main branch or branch group and control the auxiliary branch.

Its response is related to the degree of contraction and shear, the strength of branch retention and the size of wound. (2) Long release is also called throwing release, and 1 annual branches that are not cut are called throwing release, slow release or long release.

Throwing seedlings can alleviate the growth potential of new shoots and reduce the branching ability. The technical branches are thicker, and the medium and short branches increase more during germination, which is easy to form flower buds.

However, varieties with low germination ability are prone to baldness. In the young tree stage, throwing people with oblique branches, horizontal branches or drooping branches has a good effect and can promote the formation of flower buds.

For all kinds of vigorous branches, it is easy to destroy the balance of tree potential by throwing them down, and it is easy to achieve the goal of weakening growth quickly with surgical measures or pressing branches. The effect of slow release sometimes takes several years to achieve, so Wang Shu should keep slow release, and then recover it after bearing fruit and cultivate it into fruiting branches.

Trees with weak growth potential should not be put down slowly, otherwise they will be prone to aging.

4. What are the pruning methods of apples in summer?

Summer pruning Summer pruning is a supplement to winter pruning, and if used properly, it will achieve very good results.

The commonly used methods are: (1) removing weak, pests and diseases, sprouting and over-dense branches and buds from the germination stage to the early growth stage of new shoots, which is called bud wiping and shoot removal. Its main function is to eliminate the bad and select the best, preserve nutrients, improve illumination and improve the quality of retained branches and buds.

(2) Picking new shoots to a certain length, and picking the tops of branches to pick cores. It can be used to restrain the strong and help the weak, improve the fruit setting rate and promote the maturity of branches by using auxiliary branches.

Its main function is to temporarily stop the root tip growth, change the nutrient flow direction and achieve the expected goal. (3) Branching can enlarge the crown, improve the illumination, relax the tree vigor, increase the number of branches, change the direction of branches, especially increase the number of short and medium branches, which plays an important role in flower bud formation and early fruiting.

Different branch pulling angles have different effects, generally 70-90. The pulling angle of the auxiliary branch is greater than that of the main branch.

In order to balance the tree potential, the pulling angle of the larger backbone branches can be larger, and the pulling angle of the smaller backbone branches can be smaller. Branches should be pulled into a "line" shape, not a "bow" shape.

(1) girdling, girdling, that is, putting the bark upside down and stripping the phloem of the branch tip for a circle, is called girdling. Cutting only a part of phloem without peeling is called girdling.

Turn the peeled bark upside down, embed it in the original peeling place, wrap it up and heal it. This is called sticking the bark upside down. These measures are aimed at the flourishing leaves.

The purpose is to temporarily stop nutrient transport, inhibit growth, promote flower bud differentiation or improve fruit setting rate. (2) Twisting branches, twisting branches and holding branches will distort or slightly damage phloem and woody parts, change the branching direction, control the branching potential and promote flower bud differentiation.

There are also manual measures such as carving and longitudinal injury, which have quick results. (3) Before cutting the spring buds, above (or below) the branch buds.

Cut a knife at 5cm, only hurting the cortex and not the xylem, called bud carving. Carving a bud on the top of the bud is beneficial to the germination of the bud, and carving a bud on the bottom of the bud is beneficial to the accumulation of nutrients in the upper part of the branch, which plays a role in controlling the tree potential and promoting the formation of flower buds and the maturity of the branch.

At present, it is widely used to carve wounds on buds and promote new buds. The method is: in the bald part of the central trunk or main branch, choose the fully concealed bud and use the knife to be 0 above the bud.

The transverse cutting width at 5cm is 0. 2cm, the length is 1/2 of the branch circumference, and the wound can reach the xylem.

When carving, pay attention to the windy and rainy areas in northwest spring, and the climate is dry. When carving, the windward side is easy to drain the hidden buds, but the leeward side does not have such shortcomings. When solving the problem of baldness on the windward side, the carving time can be postponed until the windy hour in May.

The branches produced by carving injury grow weakly and bear early fruits. In order to enlarge the fruiting part, pruning should be done in time in winter to promote the growth of branches and form a medium fruiting branch group.

5. What is the basis of apple pruning?

The basis of pruning is 1. Pruning methods must be determined according to the growth habits of fruit trees.

For example, tree species with flower buds at the top should be thinned and cut short; Axillary buds should be mainly chopped, combined with thinning. For trees that branch many times a year, the pruning amount is large, the growth amount is large, the germination rate is high, and the branching force is strong; On the contrary, the dressing amount is small.

2. Tree age and tree potential are mainly pruned according to the requirements of plastic surgery. With the increase of tree age, the growth potential gradually weakened. In order to correctly adjust the relationship between growth and fruiting, pruning should be decided according to the number, fruiting and growth potential of flower buds every year.

3. When the natural conditions and cultivation conditions are good, the plants grow healthily and have a strong tree potential, and a larger crown is adopted, and the total pruning amount is light, which is beneficial to the fruit. Orchards with poor climatic conditions, poor soil and insufficient fertilizer and water have weak growth potential, so small crowns should be adopted and pruning should be heavy.

When using short anvil, close planting or mechanized pruning, the pruning method should be changed accordingly.