Latin name/scientific name: Rosa. Alias: wild rose, rose thorn, rose thorn, rose thorn, rose maixiao, rose. Scientific classification: Botany: Angiosperms Magnolia: Magnoliasuborder: Rosaceae: Rosaceae: A Review of Rosaceae. About 100 species, perennial shrubs or lianas. Almost all over the world, most of them originated in Asia. Many cultivated flowers are fragrant and beautiful, often white, yellow, orange, pink or red; Wild Rosa multiflora is solitary or in small clumps; There are usually 5 petals, and cultivated species often have double petals. Roses are erect, climbing or creeping shrubs. Stems usually have many thorns of different shapes and sizes. Pinnate compound leaves, alternate, leaflets nearly ovoid, with sharp teeth. The fruit is fake, developed from receptacle, fleshy and berry-like, called rose fruit, and some of them are edible. Roses are mainly native to warm areas in the northern hemisphere. Most of them are native to Asia, a few are native to North America, and a few species are native to Europe to northwest Africa. Roses from all over the world are easy to cross, resulting in some types having the same characteristics as their parents, so it is not easy to determine their basic species. Among more than 65,438+000 kinds of roses, less than 65,438+00 kinds (mostly from Asia) were used for hybridization, and various kinds of roses planted in gardens today were cultivated. Several kinds of important roses are planted in the garden. The most famous and widely planted group is hybrid tea rose, which accounts for most of the roses grown in greenhouses and gardens and sold in flower shops. Rose of hybrid tea can be seen in various colors, and the wild rose of hybrid tea is big and symmetrical. Tea roses often bloom, but they are very fragile. Hybrid tea rose is made by crossing with a strong hybrid rose that blooms all year round. Hybrid four-season roses were very popular until they were replaced by hybrid tea roses in the early 20th century. Rosa multiflora is a cold-resistant rose with small and dense flowers. Rosa multiflora is cold-tolerant, and it is a hybrid of hybrid tea rose and Rosa multiflora. Grandiflora rose is a relatively new hybrid rose. It is a tall, cold-resistant shrub with large flowers, which is a hybrid of tea rose with rich flowers. Other modern rose varieties are: climbing roses with slender stems, which can climb on scaffolding to grow; Shrub roses grow into big shrubs; Mini roses, small plants and small flowers. About 65,438+03,000 rose varieties have been identified. No flower is so widely known and loved by people as roses. There are many colors of Rosa davurica, ranging from white to yellow and pink with different tones to deep red or purple sauce red, and many beautiful varieties with mixed colors have been cultivated. Wild roses vary in size, ranging from tiny roses with a diameter of1.25cm (0.5in) to large flowers with a diameter of17.5cm (7in). The fragrance of Rosa multiflora is very good, and its fragrance varies with varieties and climatic conditions. Roses can be infected with many diseases, most of which are caused by fungi. Powdery mildew is characterized by light gray fungal hyphae on the surfaces of young leaves and stems. Black spot disease is caused by fungi, which is characterized by obvious black spots on leaves and easy to fall off. Rust is also a common disease of roses. Rose essential oil is extracted from the flowers of roses, especially Damascus roses, and can be used to make perfume. The fruit of rose, especially the fruit of rose, can extract vitamin C, which is sometimes used to make candied fruit. The low hills, streams, forest margins and shrubs originated in the Yellow River valley and south of China are widely cultivated in China, and also distributed in Korea and Japan. Wild roses are naturally distributed in streams, roadsides, gardens, corners and other places. They are often densely clustered and covered with bright branches. After light rain or morning dew, the petals are red and soaked, and the scenery is quite good. Roses are mainly distributed in China people's literary works, daily life and spoken language, generally referring to yellow roses and wild roses. Strictly speaking, the genus Rosa is called a rose except a few roses and Banksia, and each kind of rose is preceded by adjectives, such as short rose, Tibetan rose, multi-glandular lobular rose and so on. There are about 200 species of this genus in the world, with great variation and many varieties, and there are many horticultural species, which are mostly produced in temperate, subtropical and tropical mountainous areas in the northern hemisphere. Morphological characteristics of deciduous shrubs. Plants are clustered, spreading or climbing, branchlets are slender, not erect, usually prickly and glabrous. Leaves alternate, odd pinnate compound leaves, 5-9 leaflets, obovate or elliptic, sharp apex, sharply serrated edges, pubescent on both sides, pubescent or glandular hairs on leaf axis and stalk; Stipules are connate with the base of leaf axis, with toothed edges and glandular hairs. Many flowers are clustered, forming a conical cyme, with many flowers and a flower diameter of 2~3cm. There are 5 petals, the apex is slightly concave, the wild rose is single petal, and there are also double petal cultivated varieties. Flowers are red, white, pink, yellow, purple, black and other colors, most of which are red, and Huang Qiangwei is the top grade with fragrance. It blooms once a year from May to June. The fruit is nearly spherical, reddish-brown or purple-brown, about 6mm in diameter, smooth and hairless. Growth habit Rosa likes sunshine, is tolerant to semi-shade and cold, and can overwinter in the open field in most parts of northern China. The requirements for soil are not strict, and it is drought-resistant and barren-resistant, but it grows well in deep, loose, fertile and moist soil with smooth drainage, and can also grow normally in cohesive soil. Not resistant to water and humidity, avoiding water accumulation. When planting new plants, decomposed organic fertilizer should be applied. In the first year or two after frost planting, base fertilizer can be applied once a year in late autumn to facilitate growth and flowering. Strong germination, pruning resistance and pollution resistance. The main varieties commonly cultivated are: pink rose, with large flower shape, single petal, pink or rose red, and multiple flowers clustered in an umbrella house; Lotus roses, double flowers, pink to pink, mostly clustered; Seven Sisters, double flower, dark pink, often 7 ~ 10 flowers clustered together, with fragrance; Bai Yutang, white, double, often with 7 ~ 10 flower clusters; Japanese thorn-free rose, with white flowers, single petal, many flowers in one village, blooming in clusters and overflowing with fragrance. Breeding seeds can be used for seedling raising, but in production, cutting seedlings in the same year are often used, which is easy to survive. Rare varieties are not easy to cut, and can be propagated by layering or grafting. Asexual seedlings can bloom in the same year. For the seedlings used as potted flowers, the older branches of fine varieties should be selected, and the seedlings should be raised by layering method, and the main buds should be trimmed and artificially dwarfed. For seedlings used as cut flowers, we should choose varieties that can form mother branches and have large and bright flowers. There are many similarities between rose cultivation and rose cultivation, but it is more extensive than rose management. Plant spacing should not be less than 2m. From germination in early spring to flowering period, water 3 ~ 4 times as appropriate according to weather conditions to keep the soil moist. If the drought at this time will greatly reduce the number of flowers, then the summer drought will be watered 2 ~ 3 times. Pay attention to timely drainage and flood control in rainy season. Because roses are afraid of waterlogging, waterlogging is easy to rot their roots. Water should be poured 2 ~ 3 times in autumn as appropriate. Be careful not to accumulate water in the roots of plants when watering all year round. Apply 1 ~ 2 times pancake fertilizer and water in bud stage, with good color and lasting flowering period. Pruning is an indispensable and important process in rose landscaping. If it is not trimmed properly, it will grow into a pile of thorns and be uneven, which will not only cause many pests and diseases, but also be unsightly. Generally speaking, adult plants are pruned once a year in spring before germination. The pruning amount should be moderate. Generally, the main branch (main vine) can be kept within 1.5m, and the rest can be cut off. It is enough to leave 3 ~ 5 buds at the base of each lateral branch. At the same time, thinning dead branches, weak branches, pests and diseases, cutting off branches that are too old and too dense, promoting the germination of new branches and constantly updating old plants can flourish every year. The longer plants grow, the more flowers they bloom, and the more nutrients they need. Every winter, it is necessary to fertilize the soil 1 time to keep the shoots and buds lush and beautiful. Cultivate potted flowers and pay more attention to pruning and shaping. Because of the large flower yield, cut flowers need to be fertilized 1~2 times a week in flower season. Pay attention to cultivating mother branches and cutting off buds on weak branches. Diseases and insect pests and their control There are few diseases and insect pests in wild roses. Insects and diseases such as sawfly, rose sawfly, scale insect, aphid, scorched leaf disease, canker and black spot often occur in artificial cultivation. In addition to spraying with liquid medicine, it should be used in coordination with other flowers and trees, and it is not advisable to plant too much in one place. Every winter, pruning old branches and dense branches frequently, keeping light and good ventilation can reduce pests and diseases. Black spot disease: mainly affects leaves, petioles and tender shoots. When the leaves are first developed, purple-brown to brown spots appear on the front, and most of them are round or amorphous black-brown spots after expansion. Can spray carbendazim, thiophanate methyl, dyclonine and other drugs. Powdery mildew: invades young leaves and white powder appears on both sides. Early symptoms are not obvious. After 3-5 days, the leaves are waterlogged and gradually turn green and yellow, which will cause the leaves to fall off in severe cases. Carbendazim and triadimefon can be sprayed during the onset, but Guoguang Naying has the best effect.