Copying machine tool is a semi-automatic machine tool that cuts according to the motion trajectory of the tool or workpiece controlled by template or template. If equipped with the loading and unloading device of the machine tool, the copying machine tool can realize single machine automation and can also be incorporated into the automatic production line. Some general machine tools can also achieve copying processing after adding copying devices. Copying motion can be divided into plane copying and three-dimensional copying. The machining accuracy of the copying machine varies with the cutting amount, generally within the range of 0. 1 ~ 0.03mm, and the surface roughness is generally Ra5 ~ 1.25 micron.

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1578, J. Besson of France first used the method of copying to process wooden decorations and threads. Since then, mechanical copying machine tools have appeared and gained popularity in19th century. At the beginning of the 20th century, copying machine tools with electromechanical servo system appeared. 1923 began to produce electric contact copying milling machine. In 1930s, Switzerland, Germany and the United States successively produced hydraulic copying devices, and after a series of improvements. By the 1950s, the number of hydraulic copiers had increased rapidly. After 1970s, due to the rapid development of electronic technology and CNC machine tools, copying machine tools gradually decreased. duplicator

There are two working principles of copying machine tools: direct action (such as mechanical copying) and follow-up action (such as hydraulic copying, electric copying, electro-hydraulic copying and photoelectric copying). (1) the principle of direct copying (figure 1) The copying contact is rigidly connected with the cutter (milling cutter in the figure), and the copying contact is kept in contact with the template by spring force or heavy hammer. When the table of the machine tool moves longitudinally, the surface of the template will transfer the force to the copying contact, which will make the tool perform copying motion. The disadvantages of this control form are high template pressure and low replication accuracy. (2) The principle of follow-up copying is to convert the displacement signal transmitted from the template to the copying contact into an electrical signal (voltage) or a hydraulic signal (pressure difference), and drive the execution part of the machine tool after power amplification. The driving element can be a DC motor, an oil cylinder or an oil motor. The template and contact of this control mode bear less pressure. Fig. 2 is a hydraulic follow-up copying device of lathe. After receiving the displacement signals of the template and the contact, the servo valve acts on the piston of the oil cylinder through the hydraulic circuit, so that the turning tool performs copying motion. Copying machine tools include copying lathe and copying machine tools.

Copying milling machine and copying planer, etc. In addition, there are special copying machine tools, such as blade copying milling machine, mold copying milling machine and propeller copying milling machine. Copying actions include plane copying and three-dimensional copying.

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