Sick lower limbs often feel uncomfortable, heavy or painful, and are prone to fatigue. When walking or lying down, due to the squeezing effect of gastrocnemius contraction, blood is easy to return, venous pressure is reduced, and symptoms are alleviated.
The varicose vein first expands and then bends, causing valve atresia and aggravating the severity. After a long time, the middle muscle is replaced by connective tissue, the wall of the tube becomes thinner, and the dilated vein can become nodular. The varicose veins of great saphenous vein are mainly distributed in the inner side of lower limbs and extend to the anterior muscle and back. Because the great saphenous vein in the leg is smaller in diameter and thinner in wall, and the pressure it bears is higher than that in the thigh, its degree and scope are heavier than that in the thigh, and its branches are more serious than the trunk. When the femoral vein is obviously varicose, it often indicates that its main valve is not functional. If it occurs in the lateral thigh, it means that the valve function of the lateral superficial femoral vein is not complete; If it occurs in the posterior medial thigh, it means that the superficial internal femoral vein valve is not functional. Varicose great saphenous vein is mainly distributed in the back and lower part of the calf, and extends to the lateral side and instep.
Simple primary varicose veins, no ankle communicating branch valve insufficiency, no swelling; If there is communicating branch valve insufficiency, it can also appear mild swelling, which appears after a day's activity and relieves or disappears after a night's rest.
Late complications: ① varicose phlebitis: This is mainly caused by slow blood flow, but it can also be caused by trauma. ② Ulcer formation: Due to long-term venous congestion, blood oxygen content decreased, capillary permeability increased, fluid extravasation, tissue edema, local resistance decreased, and minor trauma caused ulcers. This kind of ulcer often occurs in the upper part of the medial malleolus and the lower part of the calf 1/3, and the surrounding tissues become thinner, pigmented, or have eczema-like changes, which are difficult to heal. ③ Stagnant subcutaneous sclerosis: due to insufficient ankle communicating branches, blood reflux is aggravated, lower limbs are congested, connective tissue proliferates, and stagnant sclerosis is formed in subcutaneous tissue. Or the skin has degenerative changes due to blood circulation disorder, which is manifested as depilation, thin and shiny skin, desquamation, deepening pigment and so on. Or bleeding and hemochromatosis caused by capillary rupture. ④ Bleeding: The skin becomes thinner due to degenerative diseases, and it is difficult to support the inferior vein to bear high pressure in the cavity, or it is caused by trauma. There are also cases of subcutaneous bleeding caused by small vein injury.
The morphology of varicose veins of lower limbs has distinct characteristics, and it is not difficult to diagnose them. However, sometimes patients are mainly complicated. At this time, further examination is needed to make a diagnosis of varicose veins and complications. Because varicose veins of lower limbs can be secondary to other diseases, after the diagnosis of varicose veins is established, the cause should be further traced to distinguish whether varicose veins are primary or secondary. After the diagnosis of primary superficial varicose veins, it is still necessary to pass the examination, such as superficial vein function examination, communicating branch valve function examination and deep vein function examination, to make clear the type of lesions and carry out correct treatment.