The market environment is very important to enterprises. Now that we think about the haze weather that has appeared in many places in China, enterprises are paying more and more attention to environmental protection. Some of my opinions on this matter

1. The meaning of environmental technology policy

There are various opinions on the concept of policy. In the literature reports on policy science at home and abroad, , there are dozens of them, and there is still no unanimously recognized definition. American scholar Woodrow Wilson believes that policies are formulated by politicians, that is, those with legislative power, and laws and regulations are implemented by administrative staff; American-Canadian scholar David Easton pointed out that public policy is " Authoritatively assign values ??to the whole society; Harold Laswell and Abraham Kaplan, the main advocates and founders of policy science, believe that policy is "a large-scale plan containing target values ??and strategies"; Robert ? Aston believes that policy is "the relationship between government agencies and its surrounding environment"; Thomas Day believes that "anything the government decides to do or not do" is public policy; James Anderson believes that Policy is “a purposeful process of activities undertaken by one or a group of actors to deal with a certain problem or related affairs;” Karl Friedrich believes that policy is “a process of action in a specific situation”. Under the environment, the planned activity process of individuals, groups or governments, the purpose of proposing policies is to use motivation and overcome obstacles to achieve a certain goal or achieve a certain goal.

Our country's policy. "Cihai" defines policy as "the code of action set by the country and the political party to achieve the line and tasks of a certain historical period"; policy scholar Sun Guang believes that policy "is the code of action set by the country and the political party to achieve a certain overall goal." , it manifests itself as political measures and complex processes that allocate and adjust people's interests." Wang Fusheng believes that policy can be interpreted as "the behavioral norms and strategies determined by people to achieve a certain goal." "In short, policy is governance. The rules and strategies of the party governing the country"; Zhang Jinma believes that policies are "the norms or guidelines used by the party and the government to regulate and guide the behavior of relevant institutions, groups and individuals. Its manifestations include laws, regulations, administrative orders, written or oral statements and instructions from heads of government, action plans and strategies, etc."; Chen Zhenming believes that policy "is the realization or service of state agencies, political parties and other political groups in a specific period. It is a general term for a series of strategies, laws, measures, methods, methods, regulations, etc., which are political behaviors or behavioral norms adopted for certain social, political, economic, and cultural goals." Wu Qiyuan, a scholar in Taiwan, believes that public affairs ** *Policies are “guidelines for public and private actions adopted by the government. ”

Science and technology policy became a professional term and was adopted by both economically developed countries and technologically developed countries. It only began after the United Nations held a science and technology conference on the application of development zones in Geneva in 1963. . Although science and technology policy has been widely used and has become an important means for the state to control scientific and technological activities, there is still no clear and unified definition. Professor Lou Chengwu of Northeastern University believes that technology policy is “to develop a certain industry. (technical field), policies formulated to regulate and control technological development are mainly reflected in the changes in the development direction and composition of a certain industry (technical field) and changes in proportional relationships." Xu Zhengzhong believes that technology policy "is the national A system for the planned and organized promotion of technical guidelines for knowledge production and a system for realizing technical guidelines established to regulate the input, operation, output, and transformation of technological activities. In 1986, it was issued by the former National Science and Technology Commission The "China Science and Technology Guide" believes that technology policy is a guideline that should be followed for ecological environmental protection and economic, technological and social development. It aims to promote economic development through technological progress. In 1988, the Science and Technology Blue Book issued by the National Science and Technology Commission. No. 1 - "Key Points of National Technology Policies in Fourteen Important Fields" - clearly states in the preface: "Technology policy is an important basis for formulating science and technology development plans and economic and social development plans, and is the basis for national macro-guidance and regulation of economic construction activities. A powerful means, it has direct guiding significance especially for scientific and technological research, technological transformation, technology introduction, technology selection of key construction projects, as well as the adjustment, transformation and development of production structure, product structure and technology structure. Therefore, technological policies must be placed in an equally important position as major economic policies and be implemented conscientiously.

The main content of technology policy generally includes four aspects: development goals, industry structure, technology selection, and ways, routes, and measures for technological progress; the technology policy system is the expansion and concreteness of the science and technology policy, which embodies the The state and government's attitude towards technological activities and control over all aspects of technological activities also reflect the state's control over the direction and scale of technological development. When formulating technology policies in a field, we should grasp the main contradictions that affect the overall situation and propose corresponding measures based on the characteristics and existing problems of the field.

Qu Geping, former director of my country’s State Environmental Protection Administration and chairman of the Environment and Resources Protection Committee of the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress, believes that environmental technology policies are formulated by the state in terms of environmental protection in accordance with the requirements of building socialist modernization. A series of technical guidelines for action.

Professor Cai Shouqiu of Wuhan University believes that environmental technology policy is to solve environmental problems at a certain historical stage, implement environmental protection strategic guidelines, and achieve expected environmental protection goals, and adjust the relationship between humans and the natural environment and the related relationships between humans. relationship, the technical principles, approaches, directions, means and requirements for environmental protection formulated by state agencies and issued in specific forms. Professor Li Kang of the Chinese Academy of Environmental Sciences believes that environmental protection technology policy refers to the scientific and technological means and scientific methods to adapt to the contradiction between economic-social development and resources and environment in a large, fast, good and provincial manner, subject to economic capacity. gather. Associate Professor Zhu Gengshen of the China Environmental Management Cadre College believes that environmental protection technology policies refer to policies that target specific industries and guide enterprises to adopt production and pollution prevention technologies that are conducive to environmental protection within the scope of industry policies. Environmental protection policies Technical policies are the basis for enterprises to formulate pollution prevention and control strategies, and are also the starting point for environmental supervision and management. Due to different industries and fields, environmental problems arise in different ways and in different ways, and the pollution control technologies and production technologies used to solve environmental problems are also different. , which determines the different environmental protection technology policies.

Environmental technology policy is also an important part of the environmental policy system. In addition to environmental technology policy, environmental policy also includes environmental management policy, environmental economic policy, environmental industry policy, and environmental foreign policy. In fact, they It is the result of the intersection of environmental protection with economy, science and technology, scientific management, industry and diplomatic activities, and is connected with interdisciplinary sciences or disciplines such as environmental economics, environmental technology science, environmental management science, environmental industry and environmental diplomacy. Moreover, there are overlaps and penetrations between these environmental policies and policies in many other fields. As an extension of the sustainable development strategy, in addition to environmental technology policies, policies obviously also include other environmental policies as well as policies in many other fields (such as regional macroeconomic layout and industrial development policies, science and technology development policies, foreign trade policies, investment and taxation policy, financial policy, etc.). Other environmental policies and policies in many other fields are directly or indirectly related to environmental technology policies. Some of these specific policies are also indispensable supporting conditions for the implementation of environmental technology policies. Therefore, when studying the theoretical and practical issues of environmental technology policies, Relevant policy issues supporting environmental technology policies must also be considered, chief among them the issue of synergies between them.

Environmental technology policies are usually an important basis for a country to prepare environmental science and technology development plans and environmental protection mid- and long-term plans, guide environmental science and technology research, technology development and introduction, and the development of environmental protection industries. Important technical guarantee for coordinated development. Therefore, environmental technology policies in the new century must be constantly revised, improved and innovated in a timely manner under the guidance of the sustainable development concept and based on the coordination of environment and development.

2. Holographic Characteristics of Environmental Technology Policies

Holographicity refers to the fact that many things contain the same information between parts, between parts and the whole, or that a certain thing The low-level parts contain all the information of the high-level whole. The environmental technology policy formulated under the guidance of the sustainable development strategy covers the multi-faceted relationship between man and nature, economy and resource environment, resource environment and social development. Its holographic characteristics are obvious.

1. The diversity and penetration of policies

The holographic nature of environmental technology policies is determined by the interactive relationship between the environment, economy, and society and the holographic nature of sustainable development strategies. , first of all, manifested in the multiple intersections and penetrations within the environmental technology policy system and between environmental technology policy and other environmental policies, economic policies, and social policies. The height, breadth and depth of this kind of crossover and penetration are unmatched in many other fields. For example, the extensive economic growth model, industrial structure and production management model, as well as unsustainable production and consumption patterns, directly lead to high consumption of resources and energy, large amounts of waste, serious environmental pollution and ecological damage; due to macroeconomic layout, The irrational spatial distribution of the population, coupled with the low efficiency of regional resource allocation and serious similarity in industrial structures caused by blind investment and redundant construction, as well as the lack of overall planning for polluting township industries and other small, scattered, and backward processing industries, have led to some There is a serious shortage of land and freshwater resources in areas with high concentration of population, industry, resource and energy consumption and environmental pollution. Atmospheric and water environmental pollution have reached the level of environmental hazards. The health of urban residents is endangered, and the quality of the living environment is deteriorating, etc.

These multi-level, multi-factor and multi-link complex factor relationship chains, as well as the multi-faceted negative impacts and results resulting from them, are precisely the environmental technology policies, other environmental policies, economic policies and policies implemented in the past. Social policies are uncoordinated in many aspects, and even violate the laws of sustainable development. This is an inevitable result, which negatively proves the characteristics of multiple intersections and penetrations between environmental technology policies and other environmental policies, economic policies, and social policies. It also proves that the A sustainable development strategy is the prerequisite to ensure the all-round positive intersection and penetration of these policies.

2. The multi-directional correlation and integrity of the policy system

The interdependence and interaction between natural resources and the ecological environment, and the interdependence between economic and social development and the resources and environment. The holographic nature determines the multi-directional correlation and integrity of the environmental technology policy system, that is, the vertical and horizontal correlation within the environmental technology policy system, the vertical and horizontal correlation between certain environmental technology policies and the outside of the system, and the relationship between them. The wholeness of interconnectedness and mutual interaction. For example, when studying and formulating China's energy development and air pollution control policies, we must proceed from the overall situation of sustainable energy development and environmental, economic, and social sustainable development. We must not only examine the relationship between non-renewable resources such as coal, oil, and natural gas and energy sustainability. The relevance of development, the relationship between technological progress, scientific management, energy prices and comprehensive reduction of energy consumption, production cost reduction, sustainable consumption, etc. It is also necessary to examine the conversion of more coal into electricity, the development of hydropower and nuclear power generation, and Economic and technical issues in developing renewable energy sources such as solar energy, wind energy, and biomass energy to increase the proportion of clean energy as much as possible and provide a guarantee to alleviate the increasingly serious contradiction between energy development and air pollution from the source.

It can be seen that the multi-directional correlation and integrity of the environmental technology policy system not only reflect the high complexity of environmental technology policies and the systematic nature of policy regulation, but also are the intersection of the diversity of environmental technology policies and Performance that penetrates deep.

3. The concept of development and values ??are the soul of policy thinking

Historical experience shows that resource depletion, environmental pollution and ecological destruction have arisen and become increasingly serious, and in many countries and The region has also experienced serious situations in which the growth of population, the scale and intensity of economic development, total social consumption, total resource consumption, and total pollutant emissions have exceeded the maximum allowable carrying capacity of the resource environment, and a series of economic, The fundamental reason for the external diseconomy of social development, that is, the cumulative effect of resource and environmental losses, is that people only care about development, ignore the resources and environment, and even abuse the resources and environment, and believe that "natural resources are inexhaustible and inexhaustible" ” and has no native value. Although this is a huge historical misunderstanding, it is a historical fact of the industrial economy and "black industry" era of the past two hundred years, and in a certain sense, it is unavoidable.

The sustainable development strategy and the resource and environmental policies that serve it, based on the concept of sustainable development and scientific resource and environmental values, have conceptually innovated the traditional concept of development and wrong values, and are changing It reflects people’s mindset and way of thinking about the relationship between development and resources and the environment. Brand-new ideas of harmony between man and nature, coordination of development and resources and environment, protection and improvement of the ecological environment on which human beings depend for survival and development during development, rational development of natural resources and sustainable use of some of them are emerging in people's minds. Established in.

The above-mentioned development concepts and values ????are the soul of environmental technology policy thinking. Moreover, whether the new environmental technology policy system researched and formulated in order to achieve sustainable development goals can be effectively implemented, and whether it can be effectively implemented In practice, the regulatory role of coordinating development with resources and the environment depends first on whether people, especially decision-making managers at all levels, can consciously accept and grasp the soul of environmental technology policy ideas.

4. Policy stability and variability

After the sustainable development strategy is established and implemented, the environmental technology policy formulated has considerable stability. At the same time, in the era of a new round of industrial revolution, technological revolution and major social changes, objective conditions will produce changes faster than people expect. Moreover, people have not yet fully understood some deep-seated changes. There are certain uncertainties, so environmental technology policies also have essential variability over time.

The stability of environmental technology policies refers to the basic policy framework, main and long-term effects under the conditions where sustainable development is the only choice for mankind and requires the unremitting efforts of current and future generations. The policy content will last for a long period of time, and there will be no substantial changes during this time span; the variability of environmental technology policies refers to certain specific policies after the economic, technological, and social basis for formulating the policy changes. Normal changes, including adjustments and additions to policy content, updates and substitutions of some terms, etc. Correctly understand and grasp the relationship between the stability and variability of environmental technology policies, including improving the ability to understand and process the stability of the policies studied and formulated, and grasp the level, content and timing of policy changes, and the changes in policies The appropriateness of adjusting or negating the original policy, the coordination between the adjusted and updated policy and the continued implementation of the original policy, etc. These are important issues facing policy scholars and those who study and prepare environmental technology policies.

5. Chain reactions and ripple effects in policy implementation

The multiple intersections and penetrations, multi-directional correlations and integrity of environmental technology policies, as well as the impact of development concepts and values ??on the implementation of policies Impacts, etc., will have chain reactions and ripple effects during the implementation of environmental technology policies.

For example, the policy for controlling environmental pollution in construction projects stipulates that before the project is approved, an environmental impact assessment must be conducted; during the project approval and construction process, whether the pollution control facilities are in place simultaneously with the main project and the control effect must be reviewed and accepted ; Then, after the construction project is put into production and operation, it is necessary to further implement the total amount control policy and pollutant discharge charging policy; and then carry out audit work on cleaner production based on the actual situation and relevant policies, in accordance with the basic principles of saving resources and controlling pollution. Policies to prepare cleaner production plans and implement them step by step. If these environmental technology policies and other related control measures can be strictly implemented and adopted, then the contradictions between the production activities of these polluting construction projects, resource development and utilization, and environmental protection can be coordinated to a large extent, and the environment can be improved. Technology policies produce a series of positive chain reactions of activities, links and consequences on the track of a virtuous cycle of development and resources and the environment, and ripple effects occur when all pollution sources are under the control and management supervision of relevant environmental technology policies and regulations. ; On the contrary, a series of reverse chain reactions and ripple effects will occur in a vicious circle, thereby worsening environmental pollution.

After understanding the above main characteristics of environmental technology policy, certain regularities will be derived from them, thereby providing favorable conditions and scientific basis for further research on theoretical issues of environmental technology policy.

References

1 Gu Haibo. Environmental technology policy innovation based on the concept of sustainable development. Shenyang: Northeastern University Press, 2004;

2 Zhang Lansheng. Practical environmental economics. Beijing: Tsinghua University Press, 1992;

3 Lou Chengwu. Several issues in current science and technology policy research in my country. Journal of Northeastern University. 2002;

4 Energy Strategy Research Group, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Special study on China's energy sustainable development strategy. Beijing: Science Press, 2006;

The above are the literature I referenced. I believe writing a paper also requires the assistance of literature.