Lilac originated in China. According to statistics, there are about 28 species of lilacs in the world and 23 species in China, which are mainly distributed in North China, Northeast China, Northwest China and the Yangtze River Basin. The main varieties and varieties are: white clove, clove, bergamot clove, Beijing clove, Yunnan clove, Sichuan clove, Kanto clove, lobular clove, feather clove, red clove, blue clove, mosaic and so on.
How to cultivate and manage lilacs?
Lilac likes sunshine, slightly tolerant to shade, strong cold resistance, drought resistance, humidity and waterlogging. Strong resistance, lax requirements for soil, but suitable for growing in fertile, loose and well-drained soil, not suitable for planting in low-lying and humid places.
Cloves should be transplanted before germination in early spring. In the transplanting hole, first apply enough base fertilizer, cover a layer of soil on the base fertilizer, and then fill the seedlings with soil. After planting, water it once, and then water it 2-3 times to survive. Clove has strong adaptability and extensive management. As long as we pay attention to weeding, flood prevention in rainy season and watering in drought, we can grow smoothly. Lilacs don't like big fat, so don't apply too much fertilizer, lest the branches grow white and affect flowering. Generally, before winter, decomposed compost can be applied once a year or once every other year.
Before germination in mid-March, clove was pruned, dense branches, weak branches and pest branches were desulfurized, and long branches were cut off in the middle to make the crown ventilated and transparent. If there are no seeds left after the flowers wither, the residual flowers and two buds at the lower part of the ear can be cut off to reduce nutrient consumption and promote the germination of new branches and the formation of flower buds. After defoliation, it can also be pruned once to ensure that the crown is round and beautiful, which is conducive to growth and flowering in the coming year.
Lilac diseases and insect pests are rare. The main pests are aphids, marsupials and moths. It can be controlled by spraying 800- 1000 times of 40% dimethoate emulsion or 1000 times of 25% imiphos emulsion.
How do lilacs breed?
Clove can be propagated by many methods, such as dividing plants, layering, grafting, cutting, sowing and so on. Generally, sowing is used to divide plants.
Sowing takes place in early April. Soak the special seeds in hot water at 40-50℃ for 1-2 hours, take them out, mix them according to the ratio of one seed to two sands, put them in a sunny place, cover them with straw bags or sacks, water them frequently and keep them moist. After about a week, the seeds can germinate and then sow.
Factories can be divided in March or June 165438+ 10. As long as the stems and branches gathered at the root of the mother plant are separated and transplanted separately. Cutting should be carried out in autumn. Rootstocks are mostly Ligustrum lucidum and Fraxinus mandshurica, and the grafting method is higher. Generally, rootstocks are grafted at a distance of 120- 150 cm from the ground, and bud grafting should be selected from the mother plants of excellent varieties. We should also pay attention to cutting off the new branches and buds of the rootstock at any time, so as not to consume nutrients, make the buds and scions stunted and usurp the role of the host. The layering propagation should be carried out in February. When layering, the thick branches should be girdled. The layering can bloom 2-3 years after it survives.
Lilacs should be planted in the ground or in flowerpots. When transplanting, the roots should carry as much soil as possible, so it is easy to survive.
How to grow lilacs?
Cloves like sunshine, slightly shade-tolerant, like humidity, avoid water accumulation, cold and drought-tolerant, and generally do not need to be watered more. Fertile and well-drained sandy loam is needed. If planted in a cool environment, the branches are slender and weak, the inflorescences are short and loose, and the flowers are dull. If planted on barren land, it can still grow, but the flowers are few and sparse. So plant it in sunny, fertile and deep soil. When planting, you need to take a lump of soil, cut off some branches appropriately, and fill it with clear water after planting. In the future, when the weather is dry every spring, water the buds before and after flowering. Lilacs don't like big fertilizer, so don't apply too much fertilizer, otherwise it will easily lead to virtual growth and affect flowering. Generally, decomposed compost is applied once a year or before winter every other year to supplement nutrients in the soil. After the flowers wither, if there are no seeds left, the residual flowers can be cut off together with the two buds at the lower part of the ear, and at the same time, some branches with too dense cavities can be thinned out, which is conducive to ventilation, light transmission and beautiful tree shape, and is conducive to promoting the germination of new branches and the formation of flower buds. After defoliation, pests and diseases, dead branches and slender branches can be cut off, and cross branches, cluster branches, overlapping branches and over-dense branches can be appropriately pruned to make the branches evenly distributed and keep the crown round, which is beneficial to the growth and flowering of the next year. When planting lilacs in the field, special attention should be paid to drainage and waterlogging prevention in rainy season. Because the accumulated water is too long, it is easy to fall leaves and die.
② Last name: Lilac (member of string group)
English name: Julie
Date of birth: April 8.
Origin: Hunan
Constellation: Aries
Blood type: O type
Height: 160CM
Weight: 42kg
Super long: playing guitar and singing.
The most admired artist: Leslie Cheung.
Favorite sports: swimming, fitness.
Favorite city: Paris
Favorite season: autumn
Favorite food: fruit salad
Favorite drink (tea): yogurt
Favorite clothing brand: DIY
Favorite ornament: necklace
Favorite color: brown.
Favorite magazine: music heaven.
Favorite book: Tai Mang
Favorite movie: Moonlight Express.
Favorite song: "Only You"
Favorite pet: dog
My biggest hobby: singing.
What career do you want to try most: dancer.
What do you admire most about yourself? Happy!
The biggest wish: your favorite music is recognized by everyone.
The most unforgettable: Super Girl Regionals.
Self-evaluation: rumor terminator
Motto: Enjoy every day.
Personal record
In February, 2005, Far Away and Fools Are the Same were recorded on the super album Will You Love Me?
2004 Super Girl Hunan Division Champion
Since 2004, he has been the host of Hunan entertainment channel "Music Y Zone".
2000 Shi Jing Beauty Girl (Star Alliance)
1999 Life Channel Guitar Competition
Name of medicine: clove
Spelling: Dingxiang
English name: Lilac
Source: It is the bud of the dicotyledonous herb Lilac.
Efficacy: Warm the middle warmer, warm the kidney and reduce adverse reactions.
Indications: Treatment of hiccups, vomiting, nausea, dysentery, chills and pains, addiction, hernia and tinea.
Tropism of nature and taste: pungent and warm. ① "Kaibao Materia Medica": "pungent, warm and nontoxic."
Enter stomach, spleen and kidney meridians. ① Herbal soup: "It begins with Taiyin, Foot Yangming and Shaoyin Meridian." ② Description of the nature of the drugs processed by Lei Gong: "It enters the four meridians of lung, spleen, stomach and kidney."
Usage and dosage: 0.3 ~ 1 yuan for oral administration and decoction; I still took the pills and dispersed them. External use: grinding and dressing.
Avoid medication: people with yin deficiency, fever and internal heat should avoid taking it. Gao Li: "The winner of qi and blood can't be convinced, and clove benefits its qi." Materia Medica: "Anyone who has fire syndrome should avoid it, unless it is deficient in cold."
Compatibility of drugs: On Lei Gong's concoction: "No fire. Afraid of Yujin. "
Other names: Ding (Qi Shu), Zhi, male clove (herb misty) and clove (herb primitive). Name of prescription: clove, clove
Name of prescription: clove, male ding and male clove.
Trade name: cloves, cloves. The buds are dry, big, full, brown-purple, fresh, rich in aroma and full of oil.
Medicinal part: the root (clove root), bark (clove skin), branch (clove branch), fruit (female clove) and volatile oil (clove oil) obtained by distillation of flower buds of this plant are also used as medicine, each with detailed articles.
Distribution of animal and plant resources: distributed in Malaysia and Africa, cultivated in Guangdong and Guangxi. Medicinal materials are mainly produced in Tanzania, Malaysia, Indonesia and other places. There are several products in China and Guangdong.
Harvest period of medicinal materials: generally from September to March of the following year, when the flower buds turn from green to bright red.
Latin scientific name: clove, the original plant.
Processing method: removing pedicels after picking and drying in the sun.
Textual research: from Kaibao Materia Medica, the theory of medicinal properties; (1) Lei Gonghong's theory: "Where (clove) has a public mother, the male is smaller and the female is bigger, like a jujube pit. There are many women in the prescription, and they are strong, and they use men in the ointment. " 2 "Kaibao Materia Medica": "Lilac, picked in February and August. Judging from the pictures of lilacs sent from Guangzhou, the tree is more than ten feet high, with leaves like oak leaves, round and thin flowers, yellow flowers and no carving in winter. Doctors only use tree roots. Children are like nails, three or four minutes long, purplish red, and some are as thick as dogwood. Commonly known as female clove, it can be used as medicine. "
Identification of medicinal materials: the dry bud is slightly short and rod-shaped, with a length of 1.5 ~ 2 cm, reddish brown to dark brown; The lower part is a cylindrical slightly flat calyx tube, which is1~1.3cm long, 5mm wide and 3mm thick. The base gradually narrows, the surface is rough, and there is oil oozing from it. There are four triangular thick calyxes on the upper end of calyx tube. The upper part is nearly spherical, about 6 mm in diameter, with 4 petals, embracing each other. When the flower buds are cut open, we can see that most stamens bend towards the center, and there is a thick and straight style in the center, which is solid and heavy and sinks into the water; The cut surface is glossy, and oil can be seen oozing from nails; Strong fragrance and pungent taste. It is best to be big, stout, bright purple-brown, fragrant and oily. Microscopic identification: in the cross section of receptacle, the epidermis is 1 row of flat cells, and the stratum corneum is thick. The cortex is wide, and there are 2 ~ 3 rows of radially extending oil chambers scattered outside. There are 20 ~ 50 small double tough vascular bundles in the stele, which are arranged intermittently in a ring shape, and there are a few lignified fibers around the vascular bundles; The inner side is ventilated tissue, which is composed of parenchyma cells with large intercellular space. The center is an axial column with about 17 tiny vascular bundles. The parenchyma cells of this product contain tiny calcium oxalate clusters. Powder: deep red. ① Most of the fibers are scattered, spindle-shaped, with flat or wavy edges, and some of them are irregular beaded protrusions, which twist when exposed to air, with a length of 106 ~ 648 microns, a diameter of 12 ~ 68 microns, a wall thickness of 5 ~ 23 microns, slight lignification, sparse or inconspicuous pores, different cell cavities, and some cells contain brown oil. ② The polar surface of pollen grains is triangular, the equatorial axis length is12 ~ 30μ m, and the equatorial plane is biconvex with three pairs of grooves. ③ Most calcium oxalate clusters exist in smaller parenchyma cells, and several clusters are connected in rows, with a diameter of 3.5 ~ 26 microns ... In addition, some small square crystals can be seen. ④ The oil cavity is round or oval, with a diameter of about 65438 0.50μ m, which is mostly broken, with unclear secretory cells, and some of them contain yellow oil. ⑤ The cross section of epidermal cells of receptacle is square or rectangular, surrounded by stratum corneum; On the surface, it is polygonal or rectangular. ⑥ The cross section of the cells in the inner wall of pollen sac is rectangular, and the wall is thickened in strips or meshes. ⑦ The surface of filamentous epidermal cells is rectangular, the longitudinal wall is wavy and curved, and the outer flat wall is wavy and horny. In addition, there are slender threaded ducts and polygonal petal epidermal cells. This product is large, stout, reddish brown, oily enough, can sink in water, has a strong aroma and no broken powder. According to Guohua People's Republic of China (PRC) Pharmacopoeia (version 1995), the content of volatile oil shall not be lower than 16.0%(ml/g).
Chemical composition of traditional Chinese medicine: flower buds contain volatile oil, namely clove oil. The oil mainly contains eugenol, acetoeugenol, B- caryophyllene, methyl n-amyl ketone, methyl salicylate, humulone, benzaldehyde, benzyl alcohol, m-methoxybenzaldehyde, benzyl acetate, Chavicol and a- indigo. There are also wild varieties that do not contain eugenol (64-85% in common clove oil), but contain eugenol ketone and eugenol. These flowers also contain triterpenoids, such as oleanolic acid, flavonoids and Rham-netin, kaempferol, eugenol, isoeugenol and its demethylation compound isoeugenol.
Chemical identification of traditional Chinese medicine: (1) Take a little powder, drop chloroform, stir evenly, add 1 drop 3% sodium hydroxide saturated sodium chloride solution, add cover glass, and let it stand for a while, and the needle-like eugenol sodium will crystallize out. (2) Take a slice, directly add lye and cover glass, and you can see that needle-like sodium eugenol crystals are formed in the oil cavity. (3) TLC identification: take 0.5g of this product powder, add 5ml of ether, shake it evenly for several minutes, and filter it, and the filtrate is the test solution. Take another eugenol reference substance and add ether to make a reference substance solution. Dot the two solutions on the same silica gel G thin-layer plate, spread them with petroleum ether (60 ~ 90℃)- ethyl acetate (9: 1), take them out and dry them, spray 5% vanillin sulfuric acid solution, and dry them at 105℃. It can be seen that the donor liquid chromatography and the control solution chromatography show the same color spots at the same position.
Description: Treating toothache, bronchitis, neuralgia, gastric acid, resisting respiratory and urinary tract infections, relieving discomfort and pain caused by dysentery, improving physical weakness and anemia, strengthening yang (impotence, cold sensation) and expelling worms. Promote blood circulation, treat skin ulcer and wound inflammation, treat scabies and improve rough skin.
nature
Nail-shaped reddish-brown flower buds are the raw materials of essential oils. The average height of trees is about 5 ~ 6 meters. Mainly produced in Sri Lanka, Guava and Madagascar. It is made by distillation. Its fragrance is a little fresh moss and woody flowers, which is indispensable for perfume making. Often added to wine, the essential oil is transparent and colorless.
Historical clinical record
Antimicrobial agent is a good plant repellent for plague, which is helpful for digestion.
What you need to know in use
Irritating to the skin.
efficacy
Headache, toothache, halitosis, bronchitis, abdominal pain and diarrhea, dyspepsia, nausea and vomiting, flatulence, arthritis, rheumatalgia, impotence and premature ejaculation, anti-cellulitis, improving memory, eliminating drowsiness and strengthening yang.
Essential oil purchase grade
One of the top ten essential oils with special properties.
Psychological level
It has a positive effect on mood and relieves unhappiness or chest tightness caused by emotional stagnation.
Physiological surface
It can inhibit the growth of bacteria and microorganisms, has no irritation to human mucosal tissue after dilution, and can be used for dental and oral treatment with peace of mind, which makes people associate with "dentists". Although there are people who are far away from this association who are willing to get close to clove, it also proves that the sterilization and disinfection ability of clove is widely trusted by the medical community.
Has the effects of invigorating stomach, eliminating flatulence, promoting exhaust, and relieving nausea and halitosis caused by gastric fermentation. Relieve abdominal pain caused by diarrhea.
To relieve the symptoms of upper respiratory tract infection, clove has the function of purifying the air, and the antibacterial ability of the body can be increased by using fragrance enhancer and breathing.
Hair skin surface
After dilution, it can be used for skin wounds such as sores, carbuncles and furuncles. Has the effects of relieving swelling, diminishing inflammation and promoting healing.
Primary essential oil magic
The massage oil prepared by clove can be applied to temples to relieve edema and headache.
Using 3d cloves and gargling with 200CC of water can eliminate oral odor and prevent tooth decay and gingivitis.
Advanced essential oil magic
When catching a cold: use a drop of thyme, lavender, clove and tea tree and inhale through steam, or drop thyme, eucalyptus, mint and clove on a handkerchief or paper towel and take a deep breath close to your nose.
Place of use
Office, study and dining room
Application mode
The fragrance spreader spreads fragrance, massages the abdomen and rubs around skin wounds and ulcers.
Matters needing attention
Can not be directly used for bathing, if you want to use a bath or foot bath, you need to mix it with creamer (cream ball) and put it in low water.
So as not to stimulate.
Name: Lilac
Alias: Bai Jie, Lover, Lilac.
Family name: Oleaceae
Category: Shrub
Latin name: lilac
Ecological habit
Weak positive, drought-tolerant, avoid low humidity, flowering in April-May.
morphological character
Syringa is a deciduous shrub or small tree. Winter buds are ovate and scaly. Branchlets are round and pith is solid. Simple leaves opposite, elliptic or lanceolate, petiolate, entire or sometimes divided, rarely pinnately compound leaves. Flowers bisexual, terminal or lateral panicles. Calyx small, campanulate, 4-toothed or truncate, persistent. Corolla is small and funnel-shaped, with four lobes of different shades, such as white, purple, purple and blue-purple. Stamens 2, inserted in the middle or upper part of corolla tube. Ovary 2-loculed, with 1-2 seeds in each locule, oblong, flat and wingless. Capsule oblong, smooth or warty, cell dehiscence on the back.
Garden use
Lilacs are mainly used for garden viewing. Because of its unique fragrance, huge and lush inflorescences, elegant and harmonious colors and plump and beautiful posture, it has long enjoyed a good reputation among ornamental flowers and trees and has become an indispensable flower in gardens at home and abroad. It can be planted on the roadside, lawn or sunny slope, along the forest edge with other flowers and trees, alone in front of the courtyard and outside the window, or interspersed with various lilacs to form a special lilac garden. It is also suitable for potted plants and is a good material for cutting flowers into bottles. Clove has strong resistance to toxic gases such as sulfur dioxide and hydrogen fluoride, so it is also a good material for greening and beautifying industrial and mining areas.
Distribution of origin
Syringa plants are mainly distributed in temperate regions of Asia and southeastern Europe. 24 species made in China are widely distributed. It starts from Heilongjiang in the north, Yunnan in the south, Liaoning in the east, Sichuan and Tibet in the west, with Qinling as the distribution center.