breeding method
1, culture soil configuration
Chrysanthemum substrate should be slightly acidic sandy loam with good drainage, looseness and fertility. Generally, river sand with good permeability is selected and mixed with garden soil and humus soil. The ratio is humus soil: garden soil: river sand = 4: 4: 2. If possible, it is best to spray the culture soil with disinfectant such as formalin or carbendazim according to the concentration in the instructions for disinfection.
2. Water management
Water management in chrysanthemum growing period must be carried out according to the principle of "watering in time during drought and draining in time during waterlogging". And make sure that the buds have enough water before and after pregnancy. Watering can also be combined with fertilization, but we should also pay attention to "seeing wet and seeing dry", that is, it should not be semi-dry and semi-wet, nor too wet. There is also spraying foliar water 1 time on the leaves every morning and evening.
3. Control fertilization
Organic fertilizer (usually used as base fertilizer) should be fully applied to chrysanthemum growth. In the vegetative growth period, topdressing nitrogen fertilizer is the main fertilizer, and some phosphorus, potassium fertilizer and trace element fertilizer can be applied in combination, which can make chrysanthemum branches stout and straight, and also make leaves thick. In the middle and late stage of chrysanthemum growth, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer should be applied mainly, and special fertilizer for flowers can also be applied. Fertilization methods can be combined with soil topdressing and root topdressing, and watering should be done in time after fertilization. Note that if the chrysanthemum leaves are small, thin and yellow, you can spray 0. 1% urea solution several times.
4. Placement and lighting
The daily management of potted chrysanthemum should not only do a good job in soil, fertilizer and water management, but also take timely management measures such as rotating pots and pulling pots according to the growth and environmental conditions of potted chrysanthemum to avoid the influence of light and other reasons on the growth and development of potted chrysanthemum. It should be noted that chrysanthemum is a short-day plant. The experiment shows that chrysanthemum grows nutritionally under the long sunshine of 14.5 hours per day, and the darkness of 12 hours per day and the night temperature of 10℃ are suitable for flower bud development.
5, plastic pruning
The spatial distribution and crown shape of potted chrysanthemum directly affect the ornamental value of chrysanthemum. It is very important to shape and prune chrysanthemum during its growing period. Potted chrysanthemums can be made into fan-shaped crowns, umbrella-shaped crowns, semi-circular crowns and triangular crowns as required. Generally, in the early growth stage of potted chrysanthemums, according to the growth of branches, seeds should be picked and buds should be smeared irregularly to promote branches and shape the ideal crown shape of plants.
6. Smear and sparse buds
Many axillary buds will germinate in the strong seedling stage of chrysanthemum, so it must be pinched off in time, otherwise it will consume a lot of nutrition. During bud pregnancy, lateral buds sometimes appear on the branchlets under the terminal buds. Except what needs to be preserved, the lateral buds should be removed as soon as possible to promote the hypertrophy of the buds. It should also be noted that in the late growth period and flowering period, branches that affect flowering and flower quality can be removed as needed, and residual flowers can be cut off in time to save nutrients and meet the nutrient requirements of flowering flowers in the later period.
7, pest control
The main pests and diseases of potted chrysanthemum are powdery mildew, brown spot, aphid and mite. Many diseases mostly occur in the environment with high air humidity, insufficient light, poor ventilation and large temperature difference between day and night. Therefore, reasonable control of air humidity, humidity and temperature is the main means to prevent these diseases. Carbendazim and thiophanate-methyl can be used as the main physical control methods.