Jinan has many springs because of its unique topographical and geological structure. Jinan is located in the heart of Shandong Province, with low mountains and hills in central and southern Shandong and alluvial plains in northwest Shandong, just sandwiched in the middle. It is a gentle monoclinic structure with a height difference of more than 500 meters. The urban terrain is naturally high in the south and low in the north, which is conducive to the collection of surface water and groundwater into the urban area.
Jinan underground is soluble limestone. After many tectonic movements and long-term dissolution, a large number of karst ditches, caves and underground rivers have been formed, which has become an underground pipe network capable of storing and transporting groundwater. A large amount of groundwater in the southern mountains of Jinan, criss-crossing limestone strata, travels southward, and meets closely organized magmatic rocks in the northern suburbs, like a natural stone wall, blocking the water veins.
Eventually, a large amount of groundwater trapped here, with strong pressure, gushed out of the ground along many cracks and passages connecting the ground, so natural springs appeared. It is precisely because of this geological structure that although Jinan is located in the earthquake zone of Hebei Plain and Lubei Plain, the underground vibration can be effectively buffered by groundwater to the maximum extent.
Extended data
Jinan is located in the east of China, the middle and west of Shandong, and the eastern edge of North China Plain. It is the headquarters of the Army in the northern theater of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, the core city of the Shandong Peninsula urban agglomeration, the capital economic circle in the north, the Yangtze River Delta economic circle in the south and the Shandong Peninsula in the east and west. It is an important intersection of the Bohai Economic Zone and the Beijing-Shanghai Economic Axis, and it is one of the central cities in the Bohai Economic Zone and the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River.
Jinan is known as the "Spring City" because there are many springs in China, including "72 springs". Known as "lotus flowers on all sides and willows on three sides, one city has mountains and half a city has lakes". The eight scenic spots in Jinan are world-famous. It is a tourist city with unique characteristics of "mountains, springs, lakes, rivers and cities", a national historical and cultural city, the first batch of excellent tourist cities in China, and prehistoric culture.
Baidu Encyclopedia-Jinan