After the hepatitis B virus infects the human body, if the human immune function is normal and the resistance is strong, then the hepatitis B virus will be quickly eliminated. Once the hepatitis B virus is not cleared in time, it will become chronic and the virus will be carried for a long time. The test shows that hepatitis B surface antigen is positive, which is what we call hepatitis B virus carriers. If hepatitis B virus moves and replicates in liver cells, clinical symptoms may appear, such as fatigue, loss of appetite, discomfort or dull pain in liver area, or nausea, aversion to oil and diarrhea. Patients sometimes have low fever, and in severe cases, jaundice may occur.
Most people infected with hepatitis B virus usually have no special feelings and symptoms, and even some patients have abnormal liver function and no discomfort symptoms. Therefore, the judgment of hepatitis B should not only be based on clinical symptoms, but also be considered comprehensively. At present, the judgment of hepatitis B is mainly based on the following aspects:
1. History: contact history of blood transfusion, plasma injection, albumin, human blood or placental globulin, or unclean contact; I have used syringes that are not strictly disinfected, and have received acupuncture, tattoos, tooth extraction and surgery.
2. Symptoms: Clinically, there are symptoms of hepatitis B, fatigue, loss of appetite, nausea, aversion to greasy food, diarrhea, abdominal distension, and some cases have jaundice and fever.
3. Examination: abnormal liver function, positive serum HBsAg, HBV DNA and DNA polymerase.
Physical examination shows that the general health condition is declining, the skin is swollen or dull, the skin has telangiectasia, and vermilion-like dense erythema can be seen on hands and feet, especially in thenar and thenar, which is called liver palm. Vascular nevus can be seen on face, neck, chest, arms and back of hand. Dynamic enlargement of spleen. Most patients have recurrent or persistent jaundice, liver function tests show that transaminase is continuously or repeatedly increased, albumin/globulin ratio is decreased, globulin is increased, bilirubin is increased, prothrombin time is prolonged, activity is decreased, and there may be mild anemia, leukopenia and thrombocytopenia. Autoantibodies such as rheumatoid factor, antinuclear antibody and anti-mitochondrial antibody can be positive. Hepatitis B surface antigen, hepatitis B E antigen and hepatitis B core antibody are continuously positive, which is often called "three positives". More than 70% patients are positive for hepatitis B core antibody immunoglobulin M.