Most of the European sweet cherries are on the market.

Variety and planting

Cherry in China is weak in cold resistance and likes warm and humid climate, so it is suitable for cultivation in the place where the annual average temperature is 15 ~ 16℃. The proverb "Cherry is delicious but difficult to grow" tells us that the cultivation of cherry trees is very particular, and sweet cherries like to be cold, cool and dry. The natural dormancy period of cherry is about 80 ~ 100 days. The chilling requirement of sweet cherry for complete dormancy below 7.2℃ is 1 100 ~ 1300 hours. Sour cherry needs 1200 ~ 2500 hours. China cherry has a short dormancy period, and it is easy to sprout new buds when the temperature warms up in late winter and early spring. In case of "late spring cold" (frost or snow), the organs of flowers are frozen, which even seriously affects the yield and even fails to harvest seeds. Therefore, in the development, we must pay attention to whether the time when the local low-temperature cold wave strikes every spring coincides with the flowering period, and we should not plant cherries in places where adverse weather (frost, snowfall, strong wind) occurs in successive years of flowering. Even in places where disastrous weather rarely occurs, it is necessary to choose suitable small terrain for planting when building gardens. Compared with real cherry, Prunus tomentosa is extremely cold-resistant and suitable for planting in Northeast China.

Red and white cherries in the north

Kindness [4]

The annual rainfall suitable for cherry growth is generally 700 ~ 1000 mm, and how to solve the problem of "spring drought" should be fully considered in building gardens in some areas in the south. Because in the early stage of fruit growth, drought will cause serious fruit drop and affect fruit growth and development. [4]

Cherry is a light-loving tree species, while China cherry is more shade-tolerant, but it has good light and early fruit ripening. [4]

Cherry is suitable for cultivation in deep, fertile and loose sandy soil. The pH value of soil is generally 6.0 ~ 7.5. [4]

The vertical distribution of cherry roots in China is generally concentrated in the soil layer about 20 cm deep, which requires loose soil and good irrigation and drainage conditions. Heavy clay is not suitable for planting cherries. As cherries are not easy to transport, the garden should be built in a place with convenient transportation. [4]

Planting density should vary according to varieties, rootstocks and soil conditions. On the fertile and flat land, China cherries are planted in a Y-shape.

European sweet cherry

According to the ratio of 1×3m, 220 plants can be planted per mu, and 2 ~ 3m× 3 ~ 4m can be planted per mu if natural clumping or natural happiness is adopted. The density can be appropriately increased in the young age, and thinning measures should be taken after the garden is completed. [4]

Planting time is generally divided into autumn and spring. It should be planted in cold, dry and windy areas of Yichun in winter and before seedling germination in spring. It can be planted in warm places in winter and autumn. [4]

Before planting, the soil should be deeply turned and cooked, and planting holes should be dug. Apply 25-50kg organic fertilizer to each hole. After mixing fertilizer with soil, plant seedlings and water the roots immediately. [4]

Processing technology of dried cherry

The raw material treatment selects cherry varieties with bright peel, short stalk and small pit, even fruit size, sweet taste and little juice, removes rotten and immature fruits, then removes the fruit stalks, puts them into baskets, and washes them with running water for 2-3 times in a sink or basin to remove impurities. [4] Alkaline soaking and rinsing In order to shorten the drying time, it is best to blanch cherries in 0.2%-0.3% boiling alkali solution for a while, then rinse with clear water to remove the alkali solution, and then put them in a basket for 5 minutes-10 minute to drain the water. [4] Sulfur Fumigation Put the fruit into the baking tray and send it to the sulfur fumigation room. Put sulfur in a bowl and add wood chips to help burn. After ignition, close the door of sulfur fumigation room and smoke for about 1 hour. Generally, 2 kg -3 kg sulfur powder is used per ton of fruit. After drying and softening, the sulfur smoked cherries are evenly spread on a drying tray and sent to a drying room for drying. At the beginning, the temperature is controlled at about 60℃, when it is slightly dry, the temperature is raised to 75℃-80℃, and it is taken out after 8 hours ~ 12 hours, and the undried fruits are picked out and put on another drying tray for drying again. If the weather is fine, it can also be dried. In order to balance the moisture inside and outside the fruit and make it soft, the dried cherries should be poured into wooden boxes and softened for 2 -3 days. [4] Graded packaging is divided into two grades according to quality requirements. The first grade dried cherry is dark red, and the second grade is dark red with red stripes. Then it is packed in food bags according to the grade, and then it is packed in cartons. [4-5]

breeding method

Seedling raising method

After the cherry is harvested, the peel and pulp are cut to take out the stone, the pulp except the stone is washed with clear water, and then dried in the shade for 1 ~ 2 days before sowing. When sowing, the seeds are directly sown in shallow pots, and germinate about 10 ~ 30 days after sowing. When the seedlings grow to 5 ~ 250 px, transplant them into plastic soft pots. Cherry seeds are easy to germinate, but the germination is irregular. Some plants often lack viable embryos, and the germination rate is often lower than 30%. The results of seedling raising method are late and the quality difference between seedlings is great.

Cutting method

In the spring and summer growth period, select semi-mature robust branches with a diameter of 0.7~30px and a length of 15 ~ 500px, and insert them into river sand, vermiculite, peat soil or several mixtures, which are all suitable as seedbed substrates, especially the cuttings should be kept moist and shaded. Rooting takes about 1.5 ~ 2 months after cutting, and transplanting is carried out after the root group grows vigorously. If face-to-face management is adopted, the survival rate is about 60 ~ 90%. The cutting method is simple and the success rate is the highest.

High altitude stratification method

Select branches that have been used for more than two years, peel them annularly at the lower part near the node (destroy the phloem of this part and promote the cambium to take root above this part), and then put the wet velvet into a transparent plastic bag to wrap the whole wound, and tie the upper and lower ends tightly. When it takes root, it is cut below the layering position and potted into new plants. Generally, cherry is selected in the vigorous growth period (late spring and early summer), which is easy to take root. Although rooting is easy, the effect varies from variety to variety.

Grafting method

Cherry grafting takes cherry seedlings, cherry blossoms, cherry blossoms, etc. As rootstock, excellent cherry varieties as scions are selected before germination in spring. The best rootstocks and scions are the same or similar in thickness and can be used for splitting or butting. When the grafting method is adopted, the upper part of the grafting part on the rootstock is selected, the redundant branches are cut off with sharp scissors, the remaining "piles" are split with a knife, the opening depth is about 2-3 cm, and the length of the scion is about 10 cm, and the scion is quickly cut into two sides and inserted into the split mouth; After the molding layer is aligned, it shall be firmly bound with plastic film strips, and there shall be no air holes. First of all, put it in a cool and ventilated place, sprinkle water on the ground to keep the environment high and humid, or use plastic bags to keep it moist, and then ventilate it in time according to the temperature change, so as not to let the temperature in the bag be too high. Plastic bags should be removed when new buds grow. Move the plants to a sunny place. It is wise to water between dry and wet. Don't fertilize in advance.

Most of the European sweet cherries are on the market.

Variety and planting

Cherry in China is weak in cold resistance and likes warm and humid climate, so it is suitable for cultivation in the place where the annual average temperature is 15 ~ 16℃. The proverb "Cherry is delicious but difficult to grow" tells us that the cultivation of cherry trees is very particular, and sweet cherries like to be cold, cool and dry. The natural dormancy period of cherry is about 80 ~ 100 days. The chilling requirement of sweet cherry for complete dormancy below 7.2℃ is 1 100 ~ 1300 hours. Sour cherry needs 1200 ~ 2500 hours. China cherry has a short dormancy period, and it is easy to sprout new buds when the temperature warms up in late winter and early spring. In case of "late spring cold" (frost or snow), the organs of flowers are frozen, which even seriously affects the yield and even fails to harvest seeds. Therefore, in the development, we must pay attention to whether the time when the local low-temperature cold wave strikes every spring coincides with the flowering period, and we should not plant cherries in places where adverse weather (frost, snowfall, strong wind) occurs in successive years of flowering. Even in places where disastrous weather rarely occurs, it is necessary to choose suitable small terrain for planting when building gardens. Compared with real cherry, Prunus tomentosa is extremely cold-resistant and suitable for planting in Northeast China.

Red and white cherries in the north

Kindness [4]

The annual rainfall suitable for cherry growth is generally 700 ~ 1000 mm, and how to solve the problem of "spring drought" should be fully considered in building gardens in some areas in the south. Because in the early stage of fruit growth, drought will cause serious fruit drop and affect fruit growth and development. [4]

Cherry is a light-loving tree species, while China cherry is more shade-tolerant, but it has good light and early fruit ripening. [4]

Cherry is suitable for cultivation in deep, fertile and loose sandy soil. The pH value of soil is generally 6.0 ~ 7.5. [4]

The vertical distribution of cherry roots in China is generally concentrated in the soil layer about 20 cm deep, which requires loose soil and good irrigation and drainage conditions. Heavy clay is not suitable for planting cherries. As cherries are not easy to transport, the garden should be built in a place with convenient transportation. [4]

Planting density should vary according to varieties, rootstocks and soil conditions. On the fertile and flat land, China cherries are planted in a Y-shape.

European sweet cherry

According to the ratio of 1×3m, 220 plants can be planted per mu, and 2 ~ 3m× 3 ~ 4m can be planted per mu if natural clumping or natural happiness is adopted. The density can be appropriately increased in the young age, and thinning measures should be taken after the garden is completed. [4]

Planting time is generally divided into autumn and spring. It should be planted in cold, dry and windy areas of Yichun in winter and before seedling germination in spring. It can be planted in warm places in winter and autumn. [4]

Before planting, the soil should be deeply turned and cooked, and planting holes should be dug. Apply 25-50kg organic fertilizer to each hole. After mixing fertilizer with soil, plant seedlings and water the roots immediately. [4]

Processing technology of dried cherry

The raw material treatment selects cherry varieties with bright peel, short stalk and small pit, even fruit size, sweet taste and little juice, removes rotten and immature fruits, then removes the fruit stalks, puts them into baskets, and washes them with running water for 2-3 times in a sink or basin to remove impurities. [4] Alkaline soaking and rinsing In order to shorten the drying time, it is best to blanch cherries in 0.2%-0.3% boiling alkali solution for a while, then rinse with clear water to remove the alkali solution, and then put them in a basket for 5 minutes-10 minute to drain the water. [4] Sulfur Fumigation Put the fruit into the baking tray and send it to the sulfur fumigation room. Put sulfur in a bowl and add wood chips to help burn. After ignition, close the door of sulfur fumigation room and smoke for about 1 hour. Generally, 2 kg -3 kg sulfur powder is used per ton of fruit. After drying and softening, the sulfur smoked cherries are evenly spread on a drying tray and sent to a drying room for drying. At the beginning, the temperature is controlled at about 60℃, when it is slightly dry, the temperature is raised to 75℃-80℃, and it is taken out after 8 hours ~ 12 hours, and the undried fruits are picked out and put on another drying tray for drying again. If the weather is fine, it can also be dried. In order to balance the moisture inside and outside the fruit and make it soft, the dried cherries should be poured into wooden boxes and softened for 2 -3 days. [4] Graded packaging is divided into two grades according to quality requirements. The first grade dried cherry is dark red, and the second grade is dark red with red stripes. Then it is packed in food bags according to the grade, and then it is packed in cartons. [4-5]

breeding method

Seedling raising method

After the cherry is harvested, the peel and pulp are cut to take out the stone, the pulp except the stone is washed with clear water, and then dried in the shade for 1 ~ 2 days before sowing. When sowing, the seeds are directly sown in shallow pots, and germinate about 10 ~ 30 days after sowing. When the seedlings grow to 5 ~ 250 px, transplant them into plastic soft pots. Cherry seeds are easy to germinate, but the germination is irregular. Some plants often lack viable embryos, and the germination rate is often lower than 30%. The results of seedling raising method are late and the quality difference between seedlings is great.

Cutting method

In the spring and summer growth period, select semi-mature robust branches with a diameter of 0.7~30px and a length of 15 ~ 500px, and insert them into river sand, vermiculite, peat soil or several mixtures, which are all suitable as seedbed substrates, especially the cuttings should be kept moist and shaded. Rooting takes about 1.5 ~ 2 months after cutting, and transplanting is carried out after the root group grows vigorously. If face-to-face management is adopted, the survival rate is about 60 ~ 90%. The cutting method is simple and the success rate is the highest.

High altitude stratification method

Select branches that have been used for more than two years, peel them annularly at the lower part near the node (destroy the phloem of this part and promote the cambium to take root above this part), and then put the wet velvet into a transparent plastic bag to wrap the whole wound, and tie the upper and lower ends tightly. When it takes root, it is cut below the layering position and potted into new plants. Generally, cherry is selected in the vigorous growth period (late spring and early summer), which is easy to take root. Although rooting is easy, the effect varies from variety to variety.

Grafting method

Cherry grafting takes cherry seedlings, cherry blossoms, cherry blossoms, etc. As rootstock, excellent cherry varieties as scions are selected before germination in spring. The best rootstocks and scions are the same or similar in thickness and can be used for splitting or butting. When the grafting method is adopted, the upper part of the grafting part on the rootstock is selected, the redundant branches are cut off with sharp scissors, the remaining "piles" are split with a knife, the opening depth is about 2-3 cm, and the length of the scion is about 10 cm, and the scion is quickly cut into two sides and inserted into the split mouth; After the molding layer is aligned, it shall be firmly bound with plastic film strips, and there shall be no air holes. First of all, put it in a cool and ventilated place, sprinkle water on the ground to keep the environment high and humid, or use plastic bags to keep it moist, and then ventilate it in time according to the temperature change, so as not to let the temperature in the bag be too high. Plastic bags should be removed when new buds grow. Move the plants to a sunny place. It is wise to water between dry and wet. Don't fertilize in advance.