Method for plan potted longan tree
1 Selection of culture soil and basin You can choose fertile and sticky pond sludge to dry and make mud particles as culture soil. Choose a ceramic basin with a diameter greater than 40㎝ and a height of 33㎝, and lay 2㎝ substrates with good water permeability at the bottom of the basin, such as coarse sand and cinder.
2 Water management Potted four-season honey longan requires higher water content. In case of spring drought during the spring shoot growth period, the basin soil should be kept moist. In order to make the four-season honey longan mature after September, which happens to be a dry and rainy autumn and winter season, longan must have sufficient water supply from the young fruit growth period to the fruit maturity period. Hay can be covered on the basin soil to reduce water evaporation and keep the basin soil moist; However, it is necessary to uncover the plastic film frequently, check the dryness and wetness of the soil, and water it in time. 3 young trees are mainly fertilized with organic fertilizer, such as decomposed cake fertilizer. When applied, the concentration is diluted to 3%, and the concentration is 0. 1%, and the fertilizer is applied 5-6 times a year, with emphasis on fertilization in winter and spring, and cultivation of spring shoots and fruiting mother branches.
4 Young trees trimmed with honey from four seasons should be cut short and elongated to form a high-yield crown. Pruning of fruit trees is different from conventional varieties. Tree pruning in conventional longan production is usually carried out after the fruit ripens every year 10. The pruning time of longan with four seasons honey should be from February to April every year, which is the time when the conventional variety longan is in the stage of flower thinning and flower preservation, and the longan with four seasons honey has just been harvested. Although the pruning method is the same as that of conventional varieties, it must be pruned again.
Planting method of longan tree
(A) the selection of improved varieties
Fujian's varieties include Yanfu, Wuqiuben, Jiao Yan, Chike, Wulongling, Youguanben, Pumingyan, Dongbi, Egg Longan, Red Kernel and so on. Guangdong Guichuan has varieties such as Shijie, Wuyuan, Caopuzhong, Zaohe, Daguangyan, Yan Guang, Barton, Luyuanqiang and Luyuan.
(2) Raising seedlings
1. Seedling raising: select the hillside with wind and frost resistance, good drainage and irrigation, deep soil layer and loose and fertile texture as the seedling raising place. Plow 20 ~ 33 cm deep, apply 5000kg peat soil, then apply 2000~2500kg manure harrow, and build 20? 25 cm, width 1 m, ditch depth 33 ~ 40 cm. The ratio of longan orchard to transplanting orchard should be 1: 6 or 1: 7. Longan seeds must be harvested and sown. The seeds were immediately mixed into sand according to the ratio of 1: 2 ~ 3. The optimum germination temperature was 25℃ and the water content of fine sand was about 5%. When the germ is extended by 0.5 ~ 1 cm, it can be sown in the seedbed. You can sow, with a grain spacing of 8? 10cm, sowing amount per mu 1 15? 250kg, after sowing, cover 2500~3000kg of burnt soil or sand, cover with straw, then draw water for irrigation, and then drain when it is wet. Management should be strengthened after emergence, such as watering and removing straw. Fertilize to ensure the healthy growth of seedlings. Transplant when it rains in spring. When transplanting, the land should be cultivated and fertilized well, and the spacing between plants should be 20? 30 ~ 30~33cm, 7000 ~ 8000 plants per mu. Manage in time after moving.
2. Grafting propagation: the seedlings after 5-6 years of planting are used as rootstocks and grafted by grafting method. The scion is selected from 2-year-old robust branches, with a diameter of 65438±0cm and a length of 4? 12cm can also be grafted by grafting method, and the best time is March-April. Grafting propagation can also be carried out by tongue grafting and bud grafting.
3. High pressure propagation: the method is to choose 3-4 years old, with a diameter of 3cm and a diameter of 2? A branch with three branches. Girdling at a distance of 0/0 ~ 20 cm from the branch/kloc-with a width of about 40 ~ 50 cm, and scraping off the cortex. /kloc-When tumors appear in 0/0 ~ 20 days, they can be wrapped with sokcho mud, put in bowls or wrapped with plastic film as the hair root matrix.
4. Cutting: Take the tender branches of the year-old longan, cut them into branches of 15 ~ 17 cm, and insert them into 27? A hotbed of 29℃, usually wet and drenched with water. Before cutting, girdle the selected branches at the bottom for 1? Two days later, 300g of mixed paint of 100 part of straw ash, 10 part of red mud and 0. 18 part of salt was applied, and then bandaged. After two and a half months, it was cut from the mother branch for cutting.
(3) Planting
It can be planted in February-March in spring and in late June in winter 10. Planting density, available row spacing 16m, plant spacing of 4.5m, planting 19 ~ 20 plants per mu. Before planting, dig a planting pit with a depth of 1m, and then apply river mud. Field soil, burnt soil, decomposed compost, superphosphate and plant ash should be mixed with topsoil. After planting, it must be fully irrigated, covered with fine soil after irrigation, and then irrigated 1 ~ 2 times a day. Planting depth and root neck should be flush with the ground.
(4) shaping and pruning
Adopt natural oblate plastic surgery, fix the stem on the ground 1.2 ~ 1.3m in the second to third year after planting, cultivate 5 ~ 7 main branches in 3 ~ 4 years, and finally remove the core. Pruning three times a year, the first pruning at flowering stage, mainly cutting off diseased ears, shading branches and blocking branches. Prune the fruit for the second time when picking, mainly cutting off short branches, long branches, diseased branches, dead branches and shady branches. The third winter is mainly to cut off shady branches, dead branches and diseased branches.
(5) Fertilizing
Apply base fertilizer once a year and topdressing 3 ~ 4 times. The first topdressing is from February to March, and manure and ammonium sulfate are applied. The second topdressing is in the young fruit stage after flower withering, about 4-5 months, mainly applying nitrogen fertilizer, and applying phosphorus and potassium fertilizer appropriately. The third topdressing is from late June to early July, with phosphorus and potassium fertilizer as the main fertilizer, followed by nitrogen fertilizer. The fourth forced fertilization is still dominated by nitrogen fertilizer when the fruit is close to maturity. The fertilization method is to ditch and apply it 30cm away from the trunk. Fertilization can be combined with intertillage, weeding, soil cultivation and irrigation and drainage.
(6) Pest control
Pests include litchi stinkbug, brown scarab, small gray butterfly, phlogistic moth, scorpion, dried longan moth, post-yellow leaf roller moth and longan bag moth; diseases include ghost broom disease, lichen, rubber disease and so on, which should be mainly controlled.
(7) Harvest
Longan is mostly used for processing, and the fruit must be harvested when it is fully mature. Use pruning when harvesting. Fresh eaters harvest in the morning or evening.
Nutritional value of longan
The indication is bromhidrosis. Grind six pieces with ten pieces of pepper and wipe the affected area when sweating.
Longan is effective for weakness, insomnia, forgetfulness, fright, palpitation and dizziness. In addition, longan has anti-aging effect, because it can inhibit the activity of an enzyme that makes people aging in the human body, and it is rich in protein vitamins and minerals, so it can be eaten for a long time? Let people keep fit? ; Longan can also invigorate qi and nourish blood, which has a good effect on neurasthenia, upset, sweating and mental retardation of menopausal women. It is a good product for strengthening the brain and improving intelligence. Moreover, postpartum women's physical weakness is caused by malnutrition.
It is mainly used for treating visceral pathogens, anorexia, anorexia, intestinal parasites and schistosomiasis. Long-term consumption can strengthen the body, prolong life, soothe the nerves, strengthen the brain and wisdom, stimulate appetite and strengthen the spleen, and tonify deficiency. Fresh longan cooked in soup will not hurt the spleen. Li Shizhen said: Litchi is the most expensive food, and longan is a good thing for strengthening the body and strengthening the brain. Because litchi is hot, longan is flat. Can cure excessive thinking and sad spleen.