Molly likes fertilizer very much. Potted jasmine can bloom three times a year as long as it is properly maintained. If there is not enough fertilizer and nutrients, a flower will not bloom. If the management is in place, it can continue to open from the end of May to the beginning of June. The key is pruning, sunshine and mastering fertilizer and water. The specific flowering time of jasmine and the process of three stages: jasmine blooms in succession from early summer, and if it is properly managed, there can be three stages of flowering. In early June, jasmine bloomed ahead of schedule. The method of picking flowers is to pick off the tender branches with leaves, so as to make the new branches sprout again and flourish. At this time, light fat water is applied twice a week to keep the basin soil moist. Late June to early July is the first stage of flowering. At this time, it is necessary to strengthen the management of fertilizer and water, apply thin fertilizer frequently, apply fertilizer 1 time every two days, and apply fully decomposed organic liquid fertilizer, and the ratio of fertilizer to water is 1:4. Watering should be sufficient, generally 2 days 1 time. Usually watering should be done in the morning and fertilizing should be done at night. This situation will last until the end of July. Due to abundant fertilizer and water, bloom has a great harvest. In early August, the second stage of flowering, when fertilization is slightly thicker than before, it is generally appropriate to divide fertilizer and water equally. In order to promote jasmine to bloom better, calcium superphosphate solution can also be sprayed on the leaves. By the end of August, fertilization was gradually reduced, and 1 time was applied for 6 to 7 days, but more water was needed, and 1 time was maintained for 2 days. From early September to early 10, the third stage flower is formed. At this time, fertilization should be stopped and the amount of watering should be gradually reduced. Because the weather has gradually turned cold, which will affect the formation of flower buds, the number of these flowers is small, and the flowering will end after the middle of 10, and the pot soil can be kept slightly wet.

Suitable fertilization methods

During the flowering period from June to September, liquid fertilizer containing more phosphorus should be applied frequently, preferably once every 2-3 days. The fertilizer can be decomposed bean cake and fishy liquid fertilizer, or ammonium sulfate and calcium superphosphate. Generally, too much chemical fertilizer will burn jasmine plants. You can also spray leaves with 0. 1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution at night, which can also promote them to bloom more.

Origin and main distribution

Jasmine is native to the south and west of China. Jasmine in India and Arabia

Belt, the central producing area is near the Persian Gulf, and now it is widely planted in subtropical areas. Mainly distributed in Iran, Egypt, Turkey, Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, as well as Spanish, French, Italian and other Mediterranean countries, India and Southeast Asian countries are cultivated. Jasmine in Hengxian County, southeast of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region: The yield and quality rank first in China. Jasmine blossoms in late spring and early summer every year, with single petals, double petals, single leaves and compound leaves. There are two colors: red and white, mainly ivory flowers. Jasmine is elegant and can be used to make jasmine tea and extract spices.

morphological character

Evergreen shrubs or liana shrubs, the height can reach 65438 0 meters. Branches slender. Branches angular, sometimes hairy, somewhat liana-like. The single leaf is opposite, bright, broadly ovoid or ovoid, with obvious veins, slightly wrinkled leaves, short and upward curved petiole, and pubescent. In early summer, new buds are pulled out from the axils of leaves, with terminal cymes, terminal or axillary flowers, 3-9 flowers, usually 3-4 flowers, and the corolla is white and very fragrant. The flowering period of most varieties is June-65438+1October, from early summer to late autumn, with deciduous flowers in winter, and the flowering period is165438+1October-March of the following year.

Growth habit

Sexual preference is warm and humid, and it grows best in a well-ventilated semi-cloudy environment. The most suitable soil is slightly acidic sandy soil containing a lot of humus. Most varieties are afraid of cold, drought, frost, wet waterlogging and alkaline earth. When the temperature is below 3℃ in winter, branches and leaves are vulnerable to freezing damage, and will die after a long time. Deciduous lianas are very cold-tolerant and drought-tolerant. Jasmine can be used as tea and Chinese medicine.

Edit the main varieties in this section.

At present, there are more than 60 species of single-petalled jasmine in China, with short plants, 70 ~ 90 cm high, thin stems and rattan branches, so they are called "rattan jasmine". Jasmine monocarpa

The leaves are oval, thin, slightly pointed, entire, 5-9 cm long and 3.5-5.5 cm wide. Corolla is single-layered, with few lobes (petals), 7 ~ 1 1 piece, each piece is about 1.3 cm long and 1 cm wide, oval, white, slightly wrinkled on the surface and slightly pointed at the top, so it is also called pointed jasmine. A single jasmine flower has a long corolla tube, about 65438 0.5 cm, and two stamens, the same as the pistil length. Aggregate inflorescences, terminal or axillary, with 3 ~ 12 flowers per inflorescence and more than 30 flowers. The bud is slightly longer, smaller and lighter. China's single-petalled jasmine has been cultivated in many places for many years, forming many local varieties, among which Fujian Changle, Fuzhou, Jinhua and Taiwan Province provinces have high yield and good quality. Among them, jasmine in Taiwan Province Province is refreshing, fresh and pure. Single jasmine flower buds open early, and budding flowers usually open at 6-7 pm. Each hundred flowers weigh about 22-25g, which is lighter than Jasminum sambac. Jasmine tea made of single-petal jasmine is not as good as double-petal jasmine because of its rich aroma and fresh taste. Single-petal jasmine has strong drought tolerance and is suitable for planting at the foot of the mountain and hilly slope. However, the flower yield is not as good as that of double-petal jasmine, with the yield per 0.067 hectare 150 ~ 200 kg and the height not exceeding 400 kg. Not cold-resistant, waterlogging-resistant, and weak insect resistance.

Jasmine bicuspidata

Jasminum bicuspidata

Jasmine bicuspidata is the main variety cultivated in China. The plant height is1~1.5m. It is an erect tufted shrub with many branches, thick and hard stems and grayish brown wrinkles on the epidermis at the base of the stems. Young stems are green, and strong branches are angular and short-haired. Leaves opposite, broadly ovate, entire, reticulate veins, dark green, thick and shiny. Cymes, terminal or axillary, with 3 ~ 17 buds per inflorescence, more than 30. The flower buds are oval with flat or slightly pointed tips, also known as flat-headed jasmine. Double jasmine flowers are usually of good quality and have sharp tips. The flower is bigger than the single-petalled jasmine, and its water content is slightly lower. Corolla tube is slightly shorter than jasmine, about 1 cm long. Corolla lobes (petals) are more, 13 ~ 18, and the base is arranged in two layers in tile shape, with 4 ~ 8 inner layers and 7 ~ 10 outer layers. Petals are about 1. 1 cm long and about 1 cm wide. 2 stamens, pistil 1 piece. The flowers are white and pure, with obvious wax, rich fragrance and slow fragrance. The flower bud is about 2 hours later than that of a single jasmine flower. Now the flower bud usually blooms around 8-9 pm, so the natural fragrance can be delayed by more than ten hours. The weight of flowers is about 23g in spring, 30g in summer and 26g in autumn. The scented tea made of double-petal jasmine tea is full of fragrance. Although it is not as fresh and pure as single-petal jasmine tea, double-petal jasmine branches are tough, resistant to pressure, cold and moisture, easy to cultivate and high in yield per unit area. At present, double-petalled jasmine is mainly planted in all parts of China. Planting in Hengxian County, Guangxi, can be sown and harvested in the same year. The yield of flowers per 0.067 hectare can reach 150 ~ 200 kg, that of three-year flowers per 0.067 hectare is about 500 kg, that of five-year flowers is about 800~ 1000 kg, and the highest can reach 1500 kg.

Jasmine with multiple petals

There are obvious verrucous processes on the branches of multi-petalled jasmine. The leaves are dark green, the buds are tight, round and short, and the top is multi-petal jasmine.

There is a gap in this part. Corolla lobes (petals) are small, thick and numerous, generally 16 ~ 2 1, with 3 ~ 4 layers of tile-like arrangement at the base and distinct layers when opening. Stamens 2 ~ 3. The budding flowers of multi-petal jasmine flower mostly at 7 ~ 8 pm, and most of them bloom on the 1 ~ 2 floor first, and the rest bloom the next day. There are also those that can't bloom and wither. Multi-petal jasmine flower has a long blooming time, light fragrance and low yield, so it is not ideal as a scented tea flower. However, it has strong drought tolerance and thrives in dry land on hillside. If it crosses with excellent single-petal or double-petal jasmine varieties, it is likely to obtain a new jasmine variety (new jasmine) with strong resistance, good quality and high yield.

Edit the section on reproduction and cultivation.

type

The propagation of jasmine is mostly cutting, layering or branching. Cutting propagation: it is carried out from April to June in 65438+1October. Select mature 1 year-old branches, cut them into more than two cuttings, remove the lower leaves, insert them in a semi-muddy bed, and cover them with plastic film to keep the air humidity high. Roots are born in about 40-60 days. Propagation by layering: select long branches, cut them gently at the lower part of the nodes, bury them in a small basin filled with sand and mud, keep them moist often, and take root in 20-30 days. After two months, they can be cut from the mother plant to become seedlings and planted separately.

cultivate

Potted jasmine: water it every morning and evening in summer. If the air is dry, it needs to be supplemented with water spray; During the winter dormancy period, it is necessary to control the amount of watering. If the pot soil is too wet, it will cause rotten roots or fallen leaves. Apply pancake fertilizer once a week during the growing period. After changing pots in spring, we should always pick our hearts and shape them. Cut it again after flowering to help sprout new branches, so that plants can be neat and robust and bloom vigorously. * Please refer to the Q&A section below for specific techniques of potted jasmine.

Edit this section of pest control.

primary pest

The main pests of jasmine are leaf roller moth and red spider, which harm the top tender leaves and should be prevented in time. For red spiders (mites), try not to use dichlorvos and dimethoate, because these two pesticides are too strong (they can't be dispersed for many days, especially smoky), and they are not specific drugs for red spiders.

White silk disease

It mostly occurs at the base of the stem. Infected plants turn brown and rot, the diseased cortex is easy to peel off, and white filamentous hyphae are produced on the surface. Rapeseed-like sclerotia is produced in the diseased part in the later stage. Pathogens overwinter in soil or on diseased residues such as sclerotia or mycelium. There is more rain in May-June and August-September every year, which is prone to repeated infections. Control method (1) Remove the diseased plant residues in time and destroy them centrally. (2) strengthen management, strict quarantine, put an end to the source of the disease. (3) Disinfect the surrounding soil with 70% quintozene soil at the early stage of the disease, or spray 1% Bordeaux mixture or 0.3 Baume stone sulfur mixture, or 50% wettable special medicinal soil for prevention and control. When the disease is serious, spray 800 ~ 100 times of 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder or 800 times of 65% zineb wettable powder. (4) Using 82 Trichoderma bran biological preparation, mixing it with fine soil and mixing it in pot soil.

anthrax

It mainly harms leaves and sometimes shoots. At the early stage of the disease, pale green to yellow spots are produced on the leaves, which gradually expand into taupe or grayish white round or nearly round spots. In the later stage, the lesions were scattered in black spots. The pathogen overwinters on the damaged leaves with sessile and hyphae. Generally, diseases are more serious in summer and autumn. Control methods: (1) Strengthen cultivation management, remove and destroy diseased leaves in time. (2) Spray 70% Luck 600-800 times, 2-3 times, once every 7- 10 days at the initial stage of the disease. You can also apply 0. 1% mercuric chloride water or purple liquid at home. (3) When the disease is serious, spray 50% thiophanate or 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder 800 ~ 1000 times, or 50% carbendazim 1000 times and 65% zineb 500 times.

leaf spot

Most of them are in the leaves. At the early stage of the disease, brown spots were produced on the leaves, which gradually expanded into round or irregular shapes, and the diseased parts became thin and brown and transparent, and black particles were produced on the spots. Pathogens overwinter on diseased leaves as mycelium or conidia. It usually occurs in May-June, and the peak period is July-August. Control method: (1) Cut off diseased leaves in time and destroy them. (2) Apply less nitrogen fertilizer and more phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. (3) Spray 70% Luck 600-800 times, once every 7- 10 day, or 65% zineb 600-800 times, or1:100 with the same amount of Bordeaux mixture.