The southern region is a planting area for many varieties of jujube trees, so what are the jujube trees suitable for planting in the south? Below are the jujube tree varieties suitable for planting in the south that I have carefully compiled for you. Let’s take a look.

Jujube tree varieties suitable for planting in the south

1. Winter jujube: an excellent late-ripening variety for fresh consumption. Characteristics: tender and juicy, with high sugar content. It is also recognized as a fresh jujube variety with excellent quality.

Winter jujube trees can be planted in autumn or spring. Jujube seedlings are planted in autumn after the leaves fall and before winter, and in spring they are planted after the soil thaws and before germination. When planting branches, mark fixed points according to the planned row spacing, separate the topsoil and inner soil into 1-meter-square planting holes, apply 50 kg of high-quality ring fertilizer and 0.5 kg of diammonia phosphate to each hole, and mix them with the topsoil. The seedlings should be high-quality and strong seedlings that are 1-2 years old after grafting, free from diseases and insect pests, with well-developed root systems, a seedling height of more than 120 cm, a ground diameter of more than 1 cm, and the grafted site has healed well. After planting in autumn, water thoroughly. Before winter, cultivate a 20-30 cm high mound of soil. Dry the saplings and tie straw to the trunk to prevent rabbits from chewing the bark. In spring, remove the mounds and cover the tree trays with mulch film. After planting in spring, water thoroughly, cover the tree tray with mulch, and dry the saplings to dryness.

Winter jujube has strong adaptability, is resistant to drought and barrenness, and does not have strict requirements for fertilizer and water. The dense planting and dwarf cultivation method should be adopted when building a garden, which has a significant effect on improving the early yield of saplings. Winter jujube has relatively high light requirements and is row-friendly. The orientation design should be in the north-south direction.

Cultivation habits: The tree body is taller and the crown is mostly in the shape of a natural round head. The tree has strong vigor, weak branching ability, strong single-axis elongation growth ability, and sparse branches and leaves. Jujube strands are cylindrical and last for about 10 years. The grafted tree begins to bear fruit in the second year, and the yield is high and stable. It has strong adaptability, is resistant to barrenness and drought, and loves light. It performs well in southern Xinjiang, and its yield and quality are better than those in its place of origin.

1. Seedling cultivation: Zanhuang jujube nursery should choose a plot with flat terrain and smooth drainage and irrigation. Sandy loam and light loam are suitable. The rootstock seeds are Ziziphus jujuba core or Ziziphus jujuba kernel. Select annual jujube branches from mature fruit-bearing trees with pure varieties, strong growth, high yield, high quality, and no pests and diseases as scions for grafting and propagation.

2. Building a garden: Choose a plot with deep soil, fertile soil, and convenient drainage, irrigation, and transportation conditions. Use sandy loam or light loam soil with a groundwater level below 1.5m, a mature soil layer above 30cm, a pH value of 7.5 to 8.5, and a high organic matter content.

Lingwu Changzao

3. Shaping and pruning: Zanhuang jujube generally adopts spindle-shaped, small crown-shaped and open-shaped tree shapes. The main pruning in winter is thinning, and the jujube heads are shortened to cultivate the backbone branches. Summer pruning mainly includes bud wiping, topping, branch pulling and thinning. The planting density shall not exceed 110 plants per acre.

4. Fertilizer and water management: balanced fertilization, early promotion and later control. Mainly use organic fertilizer, and top-dress in proportion. Pay attention to drought prevention in the early stage, irrigate in time, and control irrigation after mid-August.

5. Flower and fruit management: Take measures such as topping, spraying fertilizer on the leaves during the flowering period, ring-cutting the long trees during the fruiting period, and releasing bees during the flowering period to increase the fruit setting rate. Adjust tree vigor and load appropriately to improve fruit quality.

2. Fucui candied dates: early maturity, excellent quality, early fruit and high yield, crisp taste, good quality, bright red peel, 5.7% higher soluble solids content, strong adaptability, early fruit, With high yield and stable yield, it is a new jujube variety with great development potential.

Characteristics of the variety

The tree has strong vigor, strong dryness and branching ability. The saplings grow upright, the tree body is medium to large, and the tree body will open slightly after the fruiting, and the tree body structure is compact. The epidermis of the jujube heads of the current year is covered with white powder. There are few or underdeveloped needles in the sapling stage. The secondary branches are shorter and smaller than the trunk, usually 4 to 8 nodes. This is especially obvious in the seedling stage. This is the identification. , the main symbol of jujube. Jujube saplings have a large amount of flowers and have ordinary temperature requirements during the flowering period. The autoflowering rate is 0.72% and the natural fruit setting rate is 1.01%. Jujube trees usually bear 1-3 dates, with a maximum of 14 dates.

Key points of cultivation techniques

It is suitable for cultivation in the jujube area south of Liaoning, my country. Gardens can be built with tillers, or grafted with wild jujubes. The spacing between rows is 1mx2m or 1.2mx2.2, and a small crown sparse layer shape is adopted. The fruit setting rate is high and girdling or girdling is generally not required. When fertilizing, pay attention to controlling the front and promoting later, and apply nitrogen fertilizer carefully before fruit setting. During the flowering period, it is best to release bees, pick the jujube heads, and pinch the tips of jujube hangings to prevent and control jujube gall mosquitoes, green mango bugs and other pests in a timely manner.

3. Pear jujube: It is an excellent medium-ripe fresh food variety. The fruit is large, delicious and popular. Most of the fruits are pear-shaped, oval or oval, with bright red fruit color and emerald green flesh. Sweet and crisp, with small core, a single fruit generally weighs 60g, with a maximum weight of 108g. When ripe, the peel is pinkish white, with bright red on the sunny side, with more than 60% of the colored surface; when fully ripe, the peel is bright red, and the fruit surface is smooth, clean and beautiful. The pulp is crisp and residue-free, and the juice is rich. The fresh fruit at the crisp ripe stage contains 29.9% soluble solids.

Cultivation and management of pear and jujube

1. Selection of seedlings Choose high-quality seedlings with a height of 1 meter to 2 meters, a root diameter of more than 1 cm, intact root systems, no pests and diseases, and no mechanical damage. Strong seedlings are the guarantee for building a high-quality jujube orchard.

2. Planting can be done in autumn or spring. When planting, dig holes 50 cm square and apply 3,000 to 4,000 kg of soil and fertilizer per acre.

Before planting, the seedlings should fully absorb water, and the planting depth should be about 2 cm deeper than the original nursery ground. Water immediately after planting to keep the garden moist. The jujube seedlings should be set to dry immediately after planting. The stem height should be 40 cm to 50 cm for dwarf and dense planting gardens, and 90 cm to 140 cm for arbor gardens. All secondary branches should be cut out so that new jujube heads can germinate easily. Planting density: The spacing between rows is 1.2 meters x 3 meters, and 220-110 plants are planted per mu.

3. Soil management After the fruits are harvested, plow 15cm-20cm deep with base fertilizer applied in autumn, and cultivate and weed 3-4 times throughout the year. The appropriate plowing depth is 6cm-10cm.

4. Apply base fertilizer: After picking the fruits, apply organic fertilizers such as ring fertilizer, compost, and chicken manure. The application rate is generally 1 kg of fresh dates and 2 kg of organic fertilizer. Top dressing: Top dressing 4 times throughout the year, before germination, flowering period, young fruit stage and jujube fruit expansion stage. The first three times are mainly nitrogen fertilizer, with 15kg-20kg of urea per mu, and the fourth time with 25kg of compound fertilizer per mu. The top dressing should be flexibly controlled according to the size of the seedlings. Foliar spray fertilizer: Spray foliar fertilizer 3-4 times throughout the year, spray 0.5% urea solution for the first two times, and spray 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution 1 to 2 times after.

5. Shaping and pruning: The shape of a high-yielding tree is a small crown with sparse layers. The main trunk is 40cm-50cm high. Leave 3 main branches on the first layer, 2 main branches on the second layer, and 1 main branch on the third layer. The spacing between layers is 80 cm and 70 cm respectively. The fruiting branches are directly attached to each main branch, leaving no side branches. The tree height does not exceed 3 meters, and the crown width is 1.5 to 2 meters. Pruning: Commonly used ones include thinning, retraction, short cutting, topping, carving and nail opening. The summer pruning period is from mid-June to mid-July. At this time, the growth peak of the jujube heads has passed and the growth has slowed down. The 40cm-50cm jujube heads can be topped and edged, which is crucial for the formation of the second year's yield. Since new shoots of jujube heads occur sooner or later, summer pruning should be carried out multiple times, usually 3-4 times.

6. Prevention of pests and diseases Anthracnose is an important fruit disease of pear and jujube. 600-800 times of Anthracnose can be sprayed before the disease. Abamectin pesticides have a good control effect on red and white spiders, with a control effect of more than 95%.

4. The young red jujube fruit is purple-red in the womb, and later turns to pink. When mature, the fruit is purple-red and the shade is pink. The weight of a single fruit is 9 grams and the maximum is 15 grams. The fruit has medium-thick skin, thick flesh, crisp texture, juicy, sweet and no sour taste. Strong adaptability, resistance to diseases and pests, and drought tolerance. The red dates in the womb are always red from small to large, and the leaf veins and new leaves are purple. The red dates are brownish red, so they have special ornamental value and can be used as ornamental trees. The crown of the tree is round, with an open posture and medium vigor. It has strong dryness, the main stem is reddish brown, the leaves are small, long and oval, the leaf margins are serrated and dark green, but the newly sprouted branches and leaves are all purple. The fruit is large and obovate in shape, with the lower part slightly pointed.

The red jujube plant has high yield, stability, strong adaptability, resistance to diseases and insect pests, salt-alkali and drought tolerance. Because the jujube fruit of this jujube tree is always red from small to large, the veins, ovary and new shoots are purple-red, and the jujube hanging is brownish-red, it has special ornamental value and is a precious variety for beautifying the courtyard and cultivating bonsai.

5. Jinsi No. 4 is an excellent variety of jujube tree that can be used both as dry and fresh food. This variety has large fruit, excellent quality, strong early fertility, high and stable yield, high economic benefits, simple cultivation and management technology, and broad application prospects. development prospects.

Characteristics of Jinsi No. 4 jujube fruit:

The fruit is medium in size, with an average fruit weight of 15 grams and a maximum fruit weight of 18 grams, neat in size. The fruit shoulder is narrow, flat and round, slightly skewed. The peel is thin and tough, light green and white during the ripening stage, and turns light brown-red after coloring. The flesh is white, dense, crisp and tender, with a lot of juice. It tastes very sweet and slightly sour, without any bitter, spicy or spicy taste, and has an excellent taste.

Growth habits:

Jinsi Xin No. 4 has strong growth potential, is easier to germinate and form new jujube heads, and the tree body is formed quickly. The strands can sprout 4-7 jujube strands, which are more than those of golden jujube. The jujube tree has longer stems, denser internodes, and a denser crown.

Advantages of Jinsi No. 4 jujube:

1. Adaptability of Jinsi No. 4 jujube

Jinsi No. 4 jujube has strong adaptability and is in the original state. It can grow and bear fruit normally on the sandy soil of the production area and the clay loam soil of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River. The tree is strong and has medium branching power. The fruit is early, and the yield is high and stable. The average fruit of Zaotiao is 0.78, with a maximum of 3 or 4. In Xianxian County, Hebei Province, they germinate in early April, begin to bloom in mid-to-late May, and mature in color around the end of August. The fruit growth period lasts for 85 to 90 days, and the fruit rarely cracks.

This variety has strong adaptability, does not have strict requirements on soil quality, has strong tree vigor, bears early fruit, and has high and stable yields. The fruit has fine and crisp flesh, high sugar content, excellent fresh food quality, and is resistant to fruit cracking. It can be cultivated in both southern and northern my country.

2. Maturity period of Jinsi No. 4 jujube

In the northern region, it germinates in mid-April of the lunar calendar, blooms in late October, and matures at the end of September. In the southern 5 area, it sprouts in the first month of the lunar calendar, blooms in February, and matures in mid-May.

3. Cold resistance of Jinsi No. 4 jujube

During the growing season of Jinsi No. 4 jujube, the leaves are yellow-green and the branches have less water (the leaves of winter jujube are dark green and the branches have more water). .

In winter, the branches of Golden Silk No. 4 can also contain less water than winter jujube.

Currently, in Hotan, Jinsi No. 4 dates have not been found to suffer from freezing in winter and spring. The opposite is true for winter jujube.

4. Jinsi No. 4 jujube is resistant to extensive management

Because our Jinsi No. 4 jujube is grown in many farmers’ homes, there is no gibberellin, foliar fertilizer, or top dressing. Chemical fertilizers and basal fertilizers are applied, and only the jujube heads are topping, and some are not topping, but the yield is still high.

5. Moonlight Crisp Jujube: It is a rare variety of jujube tree that evolved over a long period of evolution. It has the characteristics of early birth, high yield, stable yield, extremely small core, thin peel, fine and crisp pulp texture, and juicy juice. It is rich, sweet and sour, and can be eaten directly. The average fruit weight is 16 to 22 grams. The flesh is crisp, tender and juicy, the honey is sweet and refreshing, and the sugar content is 40.8%. The crispness is better than that of Zhanhua winter jujube. The maturity period is in mid-to-late August. It is a rare and extremely early-maturing fresh food variety. It can bear fruit, and the yield per mu can reach more than 2,000 kilograms in the third year

Maturity time: It is available in mid-August in the north, buds in February in the south, and goes on sale in early June. The fruit growth period is about 80 days, which is extremely rare. It is an early-maturing fresh food variety and can bear fruit in the same year of grafting.

Methods for planting jujube trees in the South

1. The planting density should be reasonable. In the past, 110 plants per acre have been changed to 220. If possible, 333 plants can be planted in dense planting, that is, 2 meters row spacing, 1.5 plant spacing or 1 meter spacing. Only dwarf and dense planting can make full use of light and soil fertility, facilitate management, and achieve early fruiting. High yield (2000 kg/mu).

2. Tree management must be appropriate. Jujube trees must be pruned every year to stimulate growth and development, so that vegetative growth and reproductive growth can be balanced and coordinated. It requires both winter pruning and summer pruning, as well as bracing, hanging and tying to regulate branch growth and balance the tree vigor.

3. Fertilizer and water management must be reasonable. Never skip fertilizing or blindly apply nitrogen fertilizers. Mainly use farmyard manure and organic fertilizers. Pay attention to compound fertilizers, medium-amount trace element fertilizers, biological bacterial fertilizers, amino acids, and nucleotide fertilizers, such as high-calcium amino acids, nuclear Glycolic acid, alginic acid, and Nasori 778 can also be interplanted with peanuts and beans to improve the soil. Pay attention to irrigation with fertilizer and water in winter, water before flowering, and water after fruiting. During the flowering and fruiting period, avoid irrigation with high water temperature and keep the water in a proper dry state. During the rainy season, pay attention to timely drainage to prevent fruit cracking.

4. The prevention and control of pests and diseases must be scientific. The sugar content of Yuanmou jujube fruit is as high as 40%, which is prone to diseases and insect pests. To prevent it, spray Bordeaux liquid once every 7-10 days, spray lime sulfur mixture about half a month, spread sulfur powder and quicklime powder in the field to disinfect and improve the soil, and cooperate appropriately. Spray low-toxic pesticides, focusing on promoting the use of biological pesticides and mineral pesticides.

5. Plant pollinating trees well. Jujube trees should pay attention to the pollination and planting of multiple varieties. Never plant a single variety. For example, if you plant Guoguang jujube, you should use Jinsi No. 4, and if you plant Jinsi No. 4, you should also plant Guoguang jujube.

Key points for planting jujube trees

First, May is the season when jujube flowers are in full bloom. At this stage, we must pay attention to top dressing during the flowering period, and choose fertilizers mainly based on quick-acting nitrogen fertilizers and phosphorus fertilizers. , and each jujube tree also needs to apply 0.5kg of urea and 0.5kg of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate. After fertilizing, water and loosen the soil in time. Early May is the flower bud differentiation period of jujube flowers. Appropriate use of Kao Kao No. 2 can promote flower bud differentiation, increase the rate of flowering and fruit setting, and inhibit the wild growth of branches.

Second, more work needs to be done from mid-May to late June, because this period is the period for topping new shoots of jujube trees to maintain their nutritional value. We must promptly topping new jujube heads that are not backbone branches. , to prevent unnecessary consumption of nutrients and improve fruit setting rate.

During this period, the jujube heads that have just sprouted and have no use value should be removed from the base as soon as possible. Remember, to prevent the jujube tree from being infected by pathogens, the pruning area must be coated with antiseptic film to speed up wound healing!