Abstract: The incidence of breast cancer ranks first among female malignant tumors, and it has significantly changed the quality of life of female patients. If patients and their families gain knowledge about self-care, disease observation, health care, etc., early detection, early diagnosis, and early treatment will improve the survival rate of breast cancer patients and the hope of complete cure. Keywords: Breast disease; Health education; Female patients CLC number: R193 Document identification code: A Article number: 1009-8631 (2010) 08-0145-01 Breasts are lactation organs and important sexual organs for women. It has important physiological functions and is also a manifestation of women's sexual charm. The pursuit of healthy, plump, and straight breasts has become a fashion for today's women. However, female breasts are also a "troubled time" invaded by many diseases, especially breast cancer, which has become an important disease affecting women's health and life. In recent years, the incidence of breast cancer in my country ranks first among female malignant tumors, and it has significantly changed the quality of life of female patients. If breast cancer is detected early, most patients can be treated. Although the relationship between benign breast tumors and breast cancer is still controversial (it is generally believed that benign breast diseases can increase the risk of breast cancer [1]), and patients and their families have an increasing demand for knowledge on self-care, disease observation, and health care. With the increase, the role of breast health education in primary prevention of the disease has become increasingly important, and early detection, early diagnosis, and early treatment have become the hope of improving the survival rate and complete cure of breast cancer patients. 1. The importance of health education in the prevention of breast diseases. The prevention of female breast diseases can be divided into three levels: primary prevention of causes, including health education for women to establish good health awareness, eat reasonably, and cultivate good health education. Personal living habits, appropriate physical exercise and labor; secondary prevention includes early detection of diseases (disease self-diagnosis) and hospital screening and reduction of risk factors, early screening of health problems; tertiary prevention includes the treatment of women's diseases Treatment and Rehabilitation. Breast disease prevention efforts should focus on strengthening primary prevention [2]. Let them understand the basic knowledge of breast diseases and breast health care methods, and then take corresponding health guidance according to the disease, age, education level, social role, etc. This greatly facilitates patients to receive further treatment and have a healthy concept. 2. Scope and methods of health education The incidence of breast disease is getting younger and younger, and the early symptoms are not obvious. Therefore, health education should be based on health education in the hospital, and more importantly, it should be expanded outside the hospital through various publicity means. , utilizing the characteristics of senior nurses with rich professional knowledge, strong affinity, and strong communication skills to actively carry out health education, regularly organize medical teams and set up leading groups to conduct free clinics in communities or rural areas, and the leading groups hold on-site knowledge lectures, and organize women to watch health education CDs , in order to achieve the purpose of missionary work. Strengthen the connection between the hospital and the community or village committee, and cooperate with each other to make the work go smoothly. 3. Carry out targeted health education among different groups of women. The targets of health education are women aged 20-60, especially those who have menarche earlier than 12 years old and menopause later than 50 years old, and those who are infertile (>40 years old). Women who are breastfeeding and have their first full-term birth later than 35 years old, healthy persons, non-surgical patients, and surgical patients. As advocates, participants, coordinators and managers of health education, doctors and nurses should be fully involved in the following tasks. (1) Health education for healthy women and those undergoing physical examinations. In communities or rural areas, and among women undergoing physical examinations, they should be informed that they need to maintain a positive attitude towards life and an orderly lifestyle to avoid negative emotional stimulation to stay healthy; Professor Their self-examination methods and cancer prevention awareness. Breast cancer is different from visceral cancer in that it only exists on the body surface. Palpation is one of the important diagnostic methods and an important method for detecting early breast cancer. Only women can be taught to undergo regular inspections, that is, face the mirror with their upper body bare, arms relaxed and hanging by their sides, bend forward or raise their hands high to pillow behind their heads, observe whether the breasts are symmetrical and equal in size on both sides, and observe the breast skin. Whether there is edema or redness, varicose veins or uneven nodules, etc., observe whether the breasts are symmetrical, whether there is inversion or nipple discharge, etc., palpate, and place the arm on the side being examined in different postures (supine, place the arm on the side being examined on the body respectively) Place the palm of your hand flat on your breast and place it on your side or pillow behind your head. Touch the upper, outer, lower, inner lower, and inner upper quadrants of the breast in order, as well as the nipple and areola. Focus on checking whether there are lumps and their nature. . Then check whether there are swollen lymph nodes in the bilateral armpits, so that suspicious cases can be detected early. (2) Health education for non-surgical patients: Breast lobular hyperplasia was found during physical examination, mostly in women aged 20-45. Symptoms such as single or several breast masses combined with periodic breast swelling and pain are long-term problems that affect the patient's mood, life, and work to varying degrees. Educate patients to understand that this disease is caused by an imbalance of endocrine regulation (excess estrogen secretion) in this age group, and it can be relieved by itself as age increases; they should maintain a happy mood, pay attention to breast health, eat a reasonable diet, and reduce spicy food and animal offal. Intake; reduce fat intake, control weight, appropriate physical exercise and labor.

Avoid the use of estrogen, wear soft, well-timed bras to support the breasts to avoid breast pain, and teach patients to self-examine their breasts 2-7 days after each menstrual period. Educate patients to establish medical compliance awareness and accept drug treatment and physical therapy. treatment, and review by a specialist every 2-3 months to establish a new concept of early cancer [3]. The cause of any breast symptoms needs to be identified. The clinical symptoms of early breast cancer are not obvious. The key is whether to pay attention to some unobtrusive symptoms that occur occasionally or frequently, such as mild nipple retraction, mild local skin depression, mild areola edema, and nipple pain after menstruation. . (3) Health education for surgical patients 1. Health education for benign breast tumors During the examination, it was found that breast fibromas account for the vast majority of benign tumors. Educate patients to correctly understand the disease, relieve their ideological burden, and understand the importance and safety of surgery; emphasizing that surgery is currently the best treatment option for radical cure of the disease. Help patients build confidence in defeating tumors. Whether a patient can accept surgical treatment is a hard indicator for evaluating the effectiveness of health education. For patients who have not undergone surgical treatment, we should pay more attention to their psychological and physiological changes and their requirements, teach them how to inspect and palpate the breasts, and seek medical treatment promptly if any changes in texture are found. Establish self-protection awareness and avoid irregular medical treatment. 2. Health education for breast cancer patients. During the physical examination, patients who are diagnosed with breast cancer for the first time should not draw conclusions in vain, let alone let the patients go away, so as to prevent the patients from listening to non-professional inducements and delaying diagnosis and treatment, making the patients feel uncertain about the disease. . Once the uncertainty about the disease arises, the negative emotions it brings will not only interfere with the patient's ability to fight the disease, but also cause the degradation of the patient's behavior and the interruption of treatment. While accompanying the patient for B-ultrasound, needle aspiration cytology and other examinations, nursing staff should fully understand the patient's medical history and course of the disease, and provide psychological counseling according to the patient's emotional response, age, and social role. The patient agrees to the surgical treatment. According to the patient's specific situation, the condition, treatment plan and prognosis should be introduced. Before the operation, the changes in the patient's chest appearance after the operation should be explained, and psychological rehabilitation care should be provided. If necessary, the patient can be allowed to vent for psychological recovery. balance. Introducing elastic breast implants to compensate for imperfections in appearance. Communicate and talk more with patients, and help them learn ways to eliminate fear through education, such as listening to music, reading books and newspapers, listening to the radio and talking to others. Introduce patients to contact women who have undergone similar surgeries and have recovered, and help patients through the psychological adjustment period through the successful cases, making them believe that mastectomy on one side will not affect normal family life, work and social life. Help patients and their families understand the treatment methods of this disease, and explain the purpose of surgery and the guarantee of success. Especially for patients with no financial income, older age, and inability to act independently, protective treatment should be carried out to prevent patients from fear of costly expenses. The huge amount of medical expenses puts a financial burden on the family and gives up the opportunity for treatment. Through health education, patients can understand the disease, establish the belief in overcoming the disease, and actively cooperate with treatment.

References: [1] Tang Zhaoyou. Modern Oncology [M]. Shanghai: Shanghai Medical University Press, 2000. [2] Le Jie, Xie Xing. Obstetrics and Gynecology [M]. Beijing: People's Medical Publishing House, 2004. [3] Li Shuling. Early diagnosis of breast cancer [A]. Collection of LX-H767 series of medical papers.