Branches are purple-brown, leaves are broadly elliptic to obovate, the apex is 3-lobed, and the edges are serrated with unequal thickness; Single to double purple, 1 ~ 2 peanuts in leaf axils, flowering in April; Drupe is red, subglobose and hairy. ?
Plum blossom has been cultivated in China for hundreds of years, and it is cultivated in most parks in China. This species blooms early and is mainly used for ornamental purposes. The common cultivation type is double-petal Ulmus pumila (double-petal pink flower; Sepals are usually 10), Luan Zhi (petals and sepals are 10, respectively, with pink flowers; There is no hair under the leaves)
Leaves on short branches are often clustered, and leaves on annual branches are alternate; Leaf blade is broadly elliptic to obovate, 2-6 cm long and 1.5-3(4) cm wide, with short and sharp tip, usually 3-lobed, wide wedge-shaped base, fluffy or hairless upper surface, pubescent lower surface, and coarse serrations or double serrations at leaf margin; Petiole 5- 10 mm long, pubescent.
1-2 flowers, opening first and then leaves, 2-3 cm in diameter; Pedicel 4-8 mm long; Calyx tube wide bell-shaped, 3-5 mm long, glabrous or slightly hairy when young; Sepals ovate or ovate-lanceolate, glabrous, sparsely serrate near apex.
Petals suborbicular or broadly obovate, 6- 10 mm long, obtuse apex, sometimes slightly concave, pink; Stamens ca. 25-30, shorter than petals; Ovary densely pubescent, style slightly longer than stamens.
The fruit is nearly spherical, with a diameter of 1- 1.8 cm, short and sharp at the top, red outside and pubescent; Pedicel length 5- 10 mm; The pulp is thin and cracks when cooked; The nucleus is nearly spherical, with a thick hard shell and a diameter of 1- 1.6 cm. The two sides are hardly flattened, the top is round and blunt, and the surface is irregular. The flowering period is April-May and the fruiting period is May-July.
Mume seeds generally mature in mid-August, and can be harvested when the peel is orange or red-yellow. Then, the harvested fruits are dried in the sun, sieved, put into sacks or transparent containers and stored in a cool, dry and ventilated place.
Eucommia ulmoides can be propagated by grafting, sowing, layering and other methods, but the grafting effect is the best, and it only takes two or three years to grow into plants, blossom and bear fruit. Grafting methods mainly include cutting grafting and bud grafting.
Apricot, apricot seedling and apricot can be selected as rootstocks. Rootstocks generally need to be cultivated for more than two years, and the ground diameter should be about 65438±0.5cm. Before grafting, they should be cut off in advance and 5-7 cm stumps should be kept on the surface.
1, bud grafting from the end of August to the middle of September, the bud position should be set on the branch selected as the scion in advance, and the bud grafting should be strong, without dry shoots and pests.
Cut the sterilized bud grafting knife into the xylem at an upward angle of 30 degrees at a position 2 cm below the bud position until it reaches the position 1 cm above the bud position, then cut another knife above the bud position (1 cm) and gently take out the grafted bud. At a position 3 cm above the ground, cut a "T" shape on the bark with a knife, with a length x a width of 3 cm x 2 cm.
Make the bud grafting and rhizome closely connected, and then cut the plastic tape into narrow strips and tie it tightly. After grafting, the grafted buds did not wither in about 7 days, indicating that they have survived, and the plastic tape can be removed in about 20 days.
2. Branch grafting In the first half of March, the branches of the annual double-petaled plum blossom are used as scions, which are about 8 cm long and need to leave 3 or 4 buds. On one side of the cross section of the rootstock, cut about 4 cm vertically between the xylem and bark with a knife, and cut the lower end of the scion into a duck beak shape, which is about 3.5 cm long.
Then insert the scion vertically into the incision of the rootstock, slightly "exposed", and then wrap it tightly with plastic tape. In order to keep moisture, the surrounding soil can be cultivated immediately and can survive in about 20 days. After a month, gently tear open the soil and remove the plastic tape.
Extended data
Eucommia ulmoides leaves like elm leaves, flowers like plum blossoms, hence the name "Eucommia ulmoides". With dense leaves and colorful flowers, it should be planted in parks, roadsides or gardens, Chi Pan and other corners.
If Eucommia ulmoides is planted in front of evergreen trees or mixed with rocks, it can produce good ornamental effect, and can also be used as potted plants or cut flowers.
When elm is planted with other plants of different colors, when flowers are in full bloom in spring and autumn, their flower shapes and colors are extremely beautiful, and all kinds of flowers compete for beauty and the scenery is pleasant. It is a rare garden plant. For example, when the planting edge is warped and red and yellow are in full bloom in spring.