These are commonly found in physical examinations.

1. Routine semen examination: it mainly helps to check male fertility and some reproductive and urinary diseases. This is a necessary examination for pre-pregnancy and suspected infertile men. The examination contents include sperm color, quantity, liquefaction time, pH value, sperm number, motility, survival rate and morphology.

2. Examination of prostatic fluid: Bacteria can not only enter the prostate from an infected focus in the body through blood flow, but also enter the prostate from organs such as bladder and urethra through lymphatic vessels; Bacteria in the posterior urethra can also spread directly to the prostate from the prostatic excretory duct, leading to acute and chronic prostatitis and prostate abscess. Examination of prostatic fluid is helpful for us to find out which kind of bacteria causes the disease.

3.b-ultrasound: it is often used to check kidney, ureter, bladder and prostate diseases, and can be used to check whether there are stones, kidney and bladder diseases and prostate diseases.

4. Testicular biopsy: check whether there is azoospermia or oligozoospermia, directly check the spermatogenic function of testicular seminiferous tubules and the development of interstitial cells, and the anabolism of local hormones can be reflected by immunohistochemical staining.

5. Endocrine examination: The function of hypothalamus-pituitary-testis axis can be understood through gonadotropin-releasing hormone or clomiphene citrate stimulation test. The determination of testosterone level can directly reflect the function of cytoplasmic cells. If necessary, thyroid hormone, adrenal sebum hormone or prolactin can be determined.

6. karyotype analysis. It can be used to check the malformation of external reproductive organs, testicular dysplasia and unexplained azoospermia. 7. STD examination: including urethral secretion smear, blood drawing for syphilis, AIDS, hepatitis C, hepatitis B, etc. , and check whether the vulva is abnormal.

I hope this information can give you some help, thank you.