the first paragraph
original text
It's hard to know a friend! It's hard to know a friend, but it's really hard to know. Every time I meet a bosom friend, it's a once-in-a-lifetime thing. Since ancient times, husbands have known each other, and they have been more modest and thoughtful. The so-called "I don't want to be rude before entering the sun, but I miss you when I hear distant voices." Yesterday, the theory of storage began, and the lack of children began. Qin Huang and Han Wu hated different times. If at the same time, Bill Han is a prisoner, and the horse is light. Isn't it cheap to make mirrors at the same time? As for Ban Gu's, the article is even, while Gu scoffed at "you can't help writing". And Chen Si's theory of talent, also deep row, salute, please Poland, sigh beautiful talk (4), Ji Xu so contemptuous, party in the dam, meaning also see. Therefore, Wei Wen's saying that "scholars despise each other" is not empty talk. To be tempted to write a paper like your breath is called "Shi Qian (5) writing a book to ask Dong Fangshuo", so Huan Tan's followers care about each other and laugh at each other. He is a real scholar, and he is speaking out of turn. He is a terrible teacher, but he can talk nonsense! Therefore, the two masters of Ming Dynasty are also; Only when you are honest, but admire yourself and suppress others, so is Ban Cao; If you can't learn to write, but believe the fake, Lou Wei is also: alas!
To annotate ...
1 bosom friend: This refers to literary connoisseurs and critics, whether they are correct or not.
② Hatred: Han Fei's works spread to the State of Qin. After Qin Shihuang finished reading it, he lamented that he could not be with this person at the same time. Later, he threatened South Korea by force and got Han Fei. In The Biography of Han Sima Xiangru, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty read Sima Xiangru's Zi Xu Fu and lamented that he could not be at the same time with this person. Later, he learned that Zi Xu Fu was written by Sima Xiangru at that time, and immediately summoned Sima Xiangru.
3 sneer: sneer.
4 "Salute" two sentences: Salute, Ding Yu's word; Polish and modify the article. In Cao Zhi and Yang Dezu's book, Ding Yu asked him to revise the article, saying, "Who can know me and revise my article in the future!" Cao Zhi praised this as a "beautiful talk".
⑤ Shi Qian: Sima Qian.
6. blame and ridicule.
7 suppress: belittle.
translate
How hard it is to know each other! Music is really hard to understand, and people who know music are really hard to meet. Meet a bosom friend, once in a thousand years! Since ancient times, most "bosom friends" look down on their contemporaries and miss the ancients. This is the so-called "I don't feel at ease in front of you every day, and I miss my reputation when I hear it from afar"! Once upon a time, Han Fei's Songs of the South had just been circulated, and Sima Xiangru's Zi Xufu had just been written. After seeing it, Qin Shihuang and Emperor Wudi were disgusted that they could not be in the same period as the author. Later, I learned that we were getting along at the same time. As a result, Han Fei was imprisoned and Sima Xiangru was given a lighter punishment. Isn't it obvious that contemporaries are looked down upon? As for Ban Gu and Yi Fu, the articles are comparable, but Ban Gu sneered at Yi Fu and said, "You can't write it yourself." Chen, Cao Zhi also tried to belittle the literati's talents. Ding Kun asked him to polish the words, and he lamented that the words were good. Liu Bi likes to defame other people's articles, so he is compared to Tian Ba who loves to attack others. From these comments, we can also see Cao Zhi's intentions. Therefore, Cao Pi, Emperor Wen of Wei, said, "Scholars despise each other, which has been the case since ancient times." This is not empty talk. As for the chatterboxes like Lou Hu, they absurdly want to comment on this article, saying that "Historical Records written by Sima Qian should be asked by Dong Fangshuo". So people like Huan Tan laughed off the fallacy of building protection. He has no position, and his rash speech is laughed at, let alone a scholar. Will he talk nonsense? Therefore, the observation is profound and clear, but the ancient times are valued and the modern times are despised. These two monarchs are; Literary talent is indeed broad and beautiful, but it only raises itself and belittles others. Ban Gu and Cao Zhi belong to this category. Knowledge is not enough to talk about articles, to confuse the fake with the real, and architectural protection belongs to this category. Liu Xin read Yang Xiong's Tai Xuan and said, "I'm afraid future generations will use it to make sauce jars." Is this an unnecessary sigh?
The second paragraph
original text
The husband's phoenix hangs off, the pearls, jade and gravel are extraordinary, and the photos are hung in the daytime, and the blue eyes (1) write their shapes. The forest is regarded as an ostrich, the Chu people regard the pheasant as a phoenix, and wei ren regards the night light as a strange stone and a treasure. The shape is easy to symbolize (2), and the fallacy is if; Wen Qing is difficult to learn, who says it is easy to divide? Husband's chapters are jumbled, with mixed quality and articles, and many people know their preferences. Generous people clap their hands and listen to the sound, and those who borrow money see them dancing; The floating wise jump at the sight of gas, and the curious are surprised at the smell of it. It's ironic to know yourself, but it's disgusting to disagree with me. If you want to change everything, the same is true of the so-called "looking east, you can't see the Western Wall". Anyone who plays a thousand songs and then knows the sound, watches a thousand swords and then knows the instrument. Therefore, we must first learn the image of circular photos. Reading Qiao Yue's Formal Training, take Cang Bo as a metaphor. Selfless and important, impartial and hate love, and then you can be fair as a mirror.
To annotate ...
1 green eyes: black eyes.
② Mark: verification.
3 anti: welcome. Part: instrument name.
Four: sigh. Irony: Read aloud.
⑤ "East" sentence: In Lu Chunqiu, there is a saying that "he who looks east does not look at the Western Wall".
⑥ Qiao Yue: High mountains. Shen Pei: A small mound.
translate
Kirin and phoenix are far from silver pheasants and pheasants, while pearls and Baoyu are completely different from gravel and stones. Under the sunlight, bright eyes can observe their shapes; Lu courtiers regarded Kirin as an elk, Chu's pheasant as a phoenix, Wei's luminous jade as a strange stone, and Song's ignorant people regarded the stone as a treasure. Tangible things are easy to verify and examine, and there are so many fallacies; Abstract context is difficult to identify, who says it is easy to distinguish? The text is complex, plain and mandarin are intertwined, and people's hobbies are biased, so it is impossible to observe the problem comprehensively. People who like generosity will clap their hands when listening to high-spirited songs, and people with self-restraint will be happy when they see nuances; People who like glitz are tempted when they see beautiful works, and people who like novelty are provoked when they hear strange works. If it conforms to your hobbies, you will admire it and recite it. If it is different from your hobby, you will feel unbearable. If you want to measure all kinds of changes, you will only look east and see the Western Wall. Generally speaking, you can understand the song only after playing a thousand songs, and you can recognize the sword only after watching a thousand swords. Therefore, the method of comprehensive observation should first be widely seen. Seeing the mountains makes the mound smaller, and crossing the sea makes you more aware of the shallowness of the ditch water. There is no selfishness in commenting on the weight of the article, and there is no prejudice against the love and hate of the work. Then commenting on articles and works can be fair and reasonable, just like weighing things with a scale, and analyzing articles and works can be clear and comprehensive, just like looking at things in a mirror.
The third paragraph
original text
Therefore, first mark six views: one view, two views, three views of change, four views of strangeness, five views of things and righteousness, and six views of palace merchants. If you can do it, you will see the advantages and disadvantages. The husband who wrote the essay resigned emotionally, and the viewer put on the essay and entered the mood, looking for the source along the waves, although it would be obvious. The world is far from looking at the face, it depends on the heart. How deep the article is, how shallow the patient's knowledge is. The husband's ambition is in the mountains and rivers, and the sound of the piano conveys love. So the principle of the heart is similar to the shape of the eyes. If the eyes are open, there is no difference in shape, and the sensitivity of the heart reaches 4. However, the vulgar prison of fans, deep waste and shallow sale, this week laughed at Yang and Song Yu for hurting Snow White. Yesterday, Qu Ping said: "The literary quality is sparse, and many people don't know the difference." You only know what you hear when you see something different. Yang Xiong claimed that "the heart is so heavy that it is absolutely beautiful" and knew it was superficial. If a husband only has a deep understanding of the Olympics, he will feel guilty, just like the crowds in Chuntai, and the bait will stop passers-by. Gaiwenlan is a national fragrance, and she is charming and fragrant; The book is also Guohua, and the play is beautiful; A confidant is a gentleman.
To annotate ...
① Remarks: Arrange words.
② Operation: Methods.
③ Two sentences: Boya plays the piano, aiming at Mount Tai for a while and running water for a while. Zhong Ziqi knew from the sound of the piano.
4 Arrival: Familiar.
⑤ "Song Yu" sentence: See Song Yu's Ask the King of Chu.
⑥ It is superficial: there is a word "no" under "Qi".
translate
Therefore, to examine the emotion of an article, we should first mark it as "six views": first, whether the arrangement of style is appropriate, second, how the writing is arranged, third, how the inheritance and development of literature are done, fourth, whether the expression of strangeness and correctness is properly used, fifth, whether things are properly used, and sixth, how the melody of the work is. When using this method of comment, the advantages and disadvantages of the article appear. The author's thoughts are first expressed in words, so readers can read the words first and then feel the feelings. Explore the source of the author's thoughts and feelings along the water waves, even if it is deep, it will certainly be revealed. Years are far apart. Although we can't see their faces, we can get a glimpse of their hearts just by reading their articles. Is the article profound? What I am afraid of is that my ability of identification and discrimination is too shallow. Yu Boya is aiming at Mount Tai, and his thoughts and feelings are expressed by the sound of the piano, let alone expressed in words. How can his feelings be hidden? Therefore, observing the mind is like seeing the shape of an object with the eyes. If the eyes are clear about the shape of an object, there is nothing that cannot be distinguished, and if the mind is sensitive, there is nothing that cannot be understood. People who are confused in the secular world abandon not the simple appreciation, but the profound content. This is why Zhuang Zhou ridiculed the world's love for Zheyang, and it is also the reason why Song Yu was sad that Chun Xue was not heard by many people! Once upon a time, Qu Yuan said, "My appearance is rough and simple, but my heart is simple, so people can't see my special brilliance." Only a bosom friend can see extraordinary brilliance. Yang Xiong claimed: "His inner love is profound, profound, dreamy and gorgeous." He doesn't like to write superficial articles, as can be seen from here. Only when you have a deep understanding and see the mystery of the work will your heart be happy, just as you can make everyone happy when you come to the stage in spring, just as music and food can make past guests stop. It is said that orchids are the best fragrant flowers in China. If you like to wear them, you will feel more fragrant. Articles and works are also the essence of a country's civilization. Only through appreciation and analysis can we understand its beauty. People you know, still pay attention to these!
Fourth paragraph
original text
Praise: Hong Zhong hosts, it's up to Kuang Kuang. Good books are full, and good books are books. Being a prostitute, no or no hearing. This method is unique and there is no mistake.
To annotate ...
1) Kui: the music official in Shun times. Kuang: Musicians of Jin State in the Spring and Autumn Period.
2 reed: box.
3 path: road.
translate
Summary:
HTC's music clock is heavy,
Only Wei Xiao and Shi Kuang can do it.
A box full of good books,
Depend on a good connoisseur to judge.
Wandering Zheng music leads people astray,
Please don't listen by mistake.
Only by following the rules of criticism and appreciation,
In case you get lost.
Comment and analysis
The word "knowledge" in bosom friend means understanding, and "sound" means music. "bosom friend" means knowing music. Liu Xie wrote a "bosom friend", which means that literature, like music, needs the comment and appreciation of "bosom friend". How to Conduct Literary Criticism is a relatively concentrated monograph on Liu Xie's criticism.
The whole article is divided into four parts: First, talk about "meeting despite difficulties". Liu Xie took Qin Shihuang, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, Ban Gu, Cao Zhi and others as examples to show that ancient literary criticism "valued the ancient times but ignored the present", and a good literary critic was hard to meet. Second, talk about "sound is difficult to recognize." Because literary works are abstract and complicated, and critics have limited knowledge and different preferences, it is really difficult to do literary criticism well. Third, talk about the methods of literary criticism appreciation: critics should be well informed and enhance their appreciation of literary works; Demanding an objective and fair attitude; Put forward "six views", that is, six evaluation angles, and then examine his works. Fourthly, put forward the theoretical basis of literary criticism.
Liu Xie believes that literary criticism and appreciation are needed to help readers identify works and promote the development of literature. This paper comprehensively analyzes the attitude, characteristics, methods and basic principles of literary criticism, involving the relationship and appreciation between literary criticism and literary creation.