I. Anatomy of Female Reproductive System

1. Female internal genitalia includes vagina, uterus, fallopian tube and ovary, the latter two are called uterine appendages.

2. The uterus is supported by four pairs of ligaments, pelvic floor muscles and fascia to maintain its normal position. ① Ligamentum teres uteri: maintaining the anterior position of uterus; ② Broad ligament of uterus: keeping uterus in the center of pelvic cavity; ③ Uterine main ligament: also called cervical transverse ligament, which is an important tissue to fix the cervix and its normal position; ④ uterosacral ligament: indirectly keep the position of the uterus leaning forward.

The fallopian tube is the place where sperm and eggs meet. Each fallopian tube is divided into interstitial part, isthmus, ampulla and umbrella part from inside to outside.

4. The pelvis consists of two hips, a sacrum and a coccyx.

Usually, the pelvis is divided into three imaginary planes related to childbirth: the entrance plane is transverse oval; The middle pelvic plane is the narrowest, oval, and the front and rear meridians are longer; The exit plane consists of two triangles that are not on the same plane.

The imaginary curve connecting the midpoint of the pelvic plane is called the pelvic axis.

Second, the physiology of female reproductive system

1. Menstruation: Endometrium undergoes a reaction from hyperplasia to secretion under the periodic regulation of endocrine. If fertilization and implantation of pregnant eggs do not occur, the endometrium will shrink and fall off with bleeding. Such recurrent endometrial exfoliative bleeding is menstruation.

2. The first menstrual cramp is called menarche. The age of menarche is 13 ~ 15.

3. menstrual cycle: the interval between the first days of two menses is called menstrual cycle.