Winter peach has strong adaptability, drought resistance and barren resistance, can be successfully planted in fields, mountains and hills, and grows well in acidic or slightly alkaline soil.
2. Planting density
In order to bear fruit early and increase early yield, dwarf and close planting should be adopted. The flat land is 2.5× 3.5m, and the sloping land is 2× 3m.
3. Cultivation methods
Every year from June 1 1 to the end of June of the following year 1, the pond is planted. The pond is 80 cm wide and 70 cm deep. Organic fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer are put in the pond, one layer of fertilizer and one layer of soil. After returning to the pond, the new soil is 20 cm above the ground. After planting, pour enough root water, cover the tree tray with plastic film within the range of diameter 1 m, and tamp the surrounding with soil. Uncovering the film before spring 10 days and watering it are beneficial to the rapid growth of young trees.
Pruning and remodeling
(1) pruning
A. Prune small trees
The key point of young tree pruning is to cultivate tree shape and main branches. Twisting branches, twisting branches and pinching cores in summer can promote the early flowering of auxiliary branches. When cutting in winter, some dense branches should be thinned and long branches should be lightly cut to expand the crown and yield early.
B. Pruning of high-yield trees
The dense planting garden will enter the high-yield period in the third year of planting. The main purpose of pruning is to adjust the growth of the main lateral branches, renew the branches, prevent the fruiting parts from moving out, and make them yield high every year. When cutting in winter, the branches extending outside the crown should be shortened appropriately to make the crown compact, and the ventilation and light transmission zone of 40-50 cm should be maintained between rows. Proper thinning of over-dense branches, the tree body should be kept sparse outside and dense inside, with fewer main branches and more side branches, which is beneficial to high yield. Summer pruning is carried out in June-July, mainly to remove too dense and too many new shoots, so that the tree body is ventilated and transparent, thus improving the fruit quality. Autumn pruning should be carried out within 10 days after autumn. The method is to cut off all the twigs at the top of the tree to prevent the autumn shoots from being steep and long, wasting nutrition, otherwise the fruit will easily fall, crack and shrink. Winter pruning mainly involves pruning: over-dense branches, dead branches, diseased branches and weak branches.
(2) Plastic surgery
It mainly appears in the form of natural evacuation, which is a common tree shape in dense planting gardens. It has good ventilation and light transmission, early fruiting and high and stable yield, and is suitable for dense planting gardens of 2.5×3.5 meters. The shaping method is as follows: planting a short shear fixing rod with a length of 25-30 cm in the same year, selecting three branches extending around as permanent main branches (without a central rod), obliquely inserting two bamboo poles for fixing, and making the main branches form an angle of 45 degrees with the ground. Another 5-6 new shoots are selected as auxiliary branches, and the shoots are picked and twisted at a height of 30 cm to promote flowering and fruiting in the next year (the auxiliary branches are gradually drained after entering the high-yield period). When the main branch is 40 cm away, it will promote branching, and at the same time, choose the vigorous tip at the top as an extension branch and tie it to the inclined bamboo pole. When pruning in the second year, shorten the extended branches to promote branching and choose the extended branches. The tree was formed in 2-3 years, and the length of the main branch and its extended branches was 1.4- 1.5 meters. Keep a ventilated and light-transmitting area of 20-40 cm between rows.
5. Flower and fruit management in Tao Dong
A. Sparse flowers
This variety is easy to blossom, strong in self-flowering, and light in physiological and pre-harvest fruit drop. In order to obtain high-quality big fruits, we must carefully thin flowers and fruits. Fruit thinning was carried out from late May to June, and the leaf-fruit ratio was maintained at 50: 1, and the yield per mu was maintained above 3000 kg. Winter peach will have a small amount of shriveled, cracked and super-small fruits from fruit setting to maturity, so it should be cleaned out in time after being found.
B. bag-making materials
Bagging can prevent pests and diseases from infecting and harming fruits, preventing fruits from cracking, shrinking and falling off, obviously increasing coloring and improving fruit quality. Bagging is a necessary measure for the successful cultivation of winter peach. Bagging is carried out after fruit thinning in early June, and pesticides and fungicides are sprayed once before and after bagging. According to the maturity, the bags should be unpacked 10 days before harvesting, generally about 1 1.5 per year.
6. Pest control
The main pests and diseases of winter peach are bacterial perforation, scab, leaf shrinkage, powdery mildew, leaf miner, aphid and spider mite.
In order to obtain high yield, trichlorfon was sprayed in early April to kill or control aphids, and mancozeb or carbendazim was sprayed in early May and early June to control bacterial perforation, powdery mildew and scab. At the same time, the spraying speed is used to kill aphids and mites. The control of leaf miner can be strengthened in July and August, and fenvalerate can be used.
In addition to the above measures, we should also pay attention to the following points: a. Paint the trunk with a mixture of stone and sulfur in early winter every year, and spray lime powder once in the morning and evening and once again in July and August every year when the dew is still wet after the rain, which has the best antibacterial effect. B methamidophos cannot be used when selecting pesticides. C bordeaux mixture cannot be used when selecting bactericide.
Step 7 harvest at the right time
When the winter peach is ripe and can be harvested, you should contact the seller in advance and harvest it in time according to the market situation.