Sinan County is located in the northeast of Guizhou Province, in the middle and lower reaches of Wujiang River, with annual average temperature 17.8℃, annual average rainfall1.654,38+0.42 mm, and annual cumulative sunshine hours 1.349.8 h, which is suitable for Toona sinensis cultivation. However, at present, the Toona sinensis industry in Sinan County started late, with small scale and dispersion. Most of them are scattered in front of the house and behind the house, neglected in management, allowed to grow, tall trees, inconvenient harvesting, low yield and poor quality of Toona sinensis buds, and the production of Toona sinensis can not be effectively developed.
Therefore, in 20 19, Guizhou Pinjie Agricultural Development Co., Ltd. introduced 6 000 2-year-old Toona sinensis seedlings from Changshu City, Jiangsu Province, and selected the site in Xunjiaba Base of Pinjie Agriculture, Xunjiaba Village, Wu Ying Town, Sinan County for the centralized planting demonstration of Toona sinensis in Sinan County. The introduced variety is "Shuli Toona sinensis", which has the characteristics of early germination, low temperature tolerance, thick bud coat, plump and tender leaves, crisp and juicy, rich aroma and no bitterness, and is a high-quality variety of vegetable Toona sinensis. In recent years, the popular dwarf close planting technology has the advantages of high yield, convenient picking and good economic benefits. This planting technology is introduced as follows in order to provide reference for further development and popularization in the future.
1 seedling 1. 1 seedling is selected from neutral sandy loam with flat terrain, deep soil layer, convenient irrigation and good drainage. Before seedling raising, the seedbed should be deeply turned flat.
1.2 seedling raising methods Toona sinensis seedlings are divided into sowing method, root cutting tillering method, root cutting method and branch cutting method. Because the seedlings introduced in Sinan County are biennial branches, this paper only introduces the cutting method: in order to improve the survival rate, the branches used for seedling raising are treated first. Methods: Cut the lower ends of branches obliquely, soak them in 800 times solution of 50% carbendazim for disinfection, and then soak them in 20% NAA rooting powder 1000 times solution 1 h to promote rooting. When raising seedlings, it is necessary to ensure the supply of water and ensure that the soil is moist.
2 Cultivation and management
2. 1 Toona sinensis is usually planted after defoliation in autumn and before germination in early spring, and can be planted in spring or autumn. Before planting, 3 000 kilograms of decomposed organic fertilizer and 50 kilograms of calcium superphosphate were applied per mu. Select disease-free and robust seedlings to dig out from the nursery, and properly prune the roots of the seedlings, cut off the roots and excessively long main roots, but keep the fibrous roots intact. According to the climate and soil conditions in Xunjiaba Village, Wu Ying Town, Sinan County, the planting density of 40 cm×50 cm was selected for hole sowing, and about 3 000 plants were planted per mu. When planting, first dig a planting hole, spread the root system of Toona sinensis seedlings and put it into the hole, and the depth is the same as that when sowing seedlings. Then fill the soil, raise the seedlings, step on the seedlings, pour enough root-fixing water, and cover the roots of the seedlings after underwater infiltration, which is beneficial to drought resistance and moisture conservation and improve the survival rate.
2.2 Site management
In order to ensure the growth rate and yield, scientific field management should be carried out in time after planting Toona sinensis, and the work of loosening soil, weeding, watering and fertilization should be done well.
Toona sinensis is not drought tolerant. After planting, water 1 time, and then water 1 time every half month according to the weather conditions to keep the soil dry and wet and promote its growth and development. After each watering, loosen the soil and weed in time to prevent the floor from hardening, make the soil loose and permeable, adjust the soil temperature and humidity, and promote the root system of seedlings to absorb nutrients.
Fertilization should be timely during the growth of Toona sinensis: firstly, after picking, appropriate amount of urea should be applied according to the growth of Toona sinensis to supplement tree nutrients and promote the recovery of tree vitality, and the dosage is generally about 10 kg/ mu each time; Second, applying 20 kilograms of urea per mu in the fast-growing period of Toona sinensis from July to August can promote the growth; Thirdly, after defoliation, applying 3 000 kg decomposed organic fertilizer and 50 kg calcium superphosphate as base fertilizer per mu can increase soil organic matter content, promote lignification, enhance cold resistance and lay a good foundation for germination and growth in the next year.
2.3 dwarf plastic surgery
In order to increase yield and facilitate picking, plastic measures should be taken frequently during the growth of Toona sinensis to dwarf the tree, inhibit the growth of terminal buds and promote the development of lateral buds. The main measures are coring or short cutting. The specific operation is as follows: after planting, cut off the top at 20 cm of the seedling trunk to promote the germination of 2-3 lower lateral branches as primary lateral branches. When the primary side branch grows to more than 30 cm, the top is cut off, and the branch with the length of 5- 10 cm is retained to promote the growth of the secondary side branch. During this period, the weak branches should be continuously removed and the strong branches should be evenly distributed in four directions.
2.4 pest control Toona sinensis has strong overall disease resistance and fewer pests and diseases. The main diseases are leaf rust, powdery mildew and Fusarium wilt, and the main pests are Toona sinensis caterpillar, Anoplophora yunnanensis and cicada. Generally, the following three tasks can be done well to effectively control pests and diseases: first, pay attention to strengthening fertilizer and water management during the growth period to promote tree growth; Second, clear the garden in winter to remove weak branches, dense branches, pests and diseases. And centralized incineration can not only inhibit the occurrence of pests and diseases, but also be conducive to ventilation and light transmission; Third, spray Bordeaux mixture and sulfur mixture before germination in spring to eradicate germ eggs.
3. Under the normal management conditions of Toona sinensis after harvesting, it usually germinates before Qingming every year, and the suitable time for picking Toona sinensis buds is around Grain Rain. Attention should be paid to the following points when picking: ① The crown of 1 ~ 3 years after planting is not formed, and only the terminal buds of 1 time are picked every year to promote the development of lateral branches and cultivate the crown. After the crown is formed in the fourth year, it can be picked 1 time every 20 days or so, 3 ~ 4 times a year; (2) When the color of Toona sinensis buds turns reddish brown and the bud length is 65,438+0.5 ~ 20 cm, the terminal buds are picked first, and then the lateral buds are picked. When picking lateral buds, 65,438+0 ~ 2 leaves should be left on each branch to maintain normal photosynthesis. (3) Because the wounds on the branches of Toona sinensis are afraid of sunlight, Toona sinensis picked at noon is easy to lose moisture, which affects the quality and reduces the commodity, so it is best to pick it in the morning; (4) When picking, tools such as scissors should be used, or gently picking from the base of Toona sinensis buds by hand to avoid breaking and damaging branches.