1, variety selection All varieties of peach trees can be potted, but the varieties with strong self-flowering and many flowering trees are the best.
2. Preparation and disinfection of nutrient soil The nutrient soil is mixed with 6 parts humus soil, 2 parts vegetable garden soil, 1 part decomposed pig manure and 65,438 parts chicken manure. After preparation, spray it with 0.4% potassium permanganate aqueous solution, pile it up after spraying, cover it tightly with plastic cloth, and remove the plastic cloth after 1 day to let the liquid medicine evaporate.
3. Pot is the best container. At first, the mouth of the basin was about 45 cm. After three years of planting, the mouth of the pot was changed into a big pot of about 65 cm.
4. Select 1 year grafted seedlings. The seedlings are required to be about 60 cm high, with 3 ~ 5 branches and developed roots.
5. Prepare nutrient soil before transplanting, soak the peach seedlings and the pottery pot with water, cut off the extra roots of the peach seedlings during transplanting, then put the peach seedlings into the pot, fill it with nutrient soil, pour enough water, and finally cover the pot with a film.
6. After pruning and planting, select three robust branches with different directions and similar lengths as the main branches, and remove the redundant branches at the same time. The method of fixing the stem is to cut off the top main branch 0.5 cm upward. When new buds sprout in the next year, a circle of iron wire can be wound around the pot, and the rope can be tied to the iron wire and the main branch to pull the main branch at a certain angle. Branches that grow on the main branches after pulling branches can be cultivated into various shapes such as round, oblique, straight and fan-shaped by techniques such as bending branches, winding branches, tying branches and twisting branches, which can increase the aesthetic feeling and promote the growth and fruiting of peach trees. If there is insufficient light in the tree room, the high branches can be retracted and the dense branches can be thinned. Peach trees grow to a certain period and begin to bear fruit. Small peach plants are equipped with/kloc-0 per fruit every 30 leaves, and large peach plants are equipped with/kloc-0 per fruit every 50 leaves. In order to make peach plants more ornamental, T-bud grafting can be used to graft scions of different varieties. When pruning in winter, first prune the three main branches to make their lengths tend to be balanced. Secondly, through the methods of single branch regeneration and double branch regeneration, some branches on the main branch are cultivated into a branch group, so that the middle branch is distributed on the main branch, and the rest branches are mainly shaped, and slow release without cutting or light cutting is implemented.
7. Apply 0.3% ~ 0.5% urea solution before germination until the end of May; Since June, 0.5% ~ 1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution has been mainly applied. The number of topdressing depends on the strength of trees, seasons and soil fertility in the basin. Apply base fertilizer before defoliation in autumn. The method is to take out the soil with a depth of 10 cm from the basin (it is best not to damage the root system), then fill it with loam mixed with decomposed organic fertilizer and pour enough water.
8. Watering As long as the basin is short of water, it is necessary to water it in time. Watering should be thorough, and the phenomenon of "wet on the top and dry on the bottom" cannot occur. To prevent soil hardening after watering, loosen the soil in time after watering to enhance air permeability.
9. Pests and diseases control peach tree diseases mainly include brown rot and anthracnose. In order to control peach brown rot, 500 times of 65% zineb wettable powder was sprayed. In order to control anthrax, 70% thiophanate-methyl 1000 times solution was sprayed. The main pests of peach trees are peach moth and aphid. To control peach fruit borer, 20% pyrethroid EC was sprayed 4000 times. To control aphids, spray 2000 times of 40% omethoate EC.
10. After peach trees grow for 2 ~ 3 years, the root system becomes larger and the nutrients in the basin soil gradually become poor. At this time, both the nutrient soil and the cauldron should be changed. The time is after the leaves fall in autumn. Five days before pouring the pot, pour enough water into the pot soil, soak the pot to be changed in the water, and prepare the nutrient soil at the same time. Then, take out the plants with soil, cut the roots 3 cm from the periphery of the soil with a sharp blade, put the cut soil into a replacement basin, fill the gaps with the prepared nutrient soil, and pour water.
1 1. Most overwintering peach varieties can tolerate the temperature of -22 ~-25, so peach trees can basically overwinter safely. However, it should be noted that peaches need a certain low temperature in winter to germinate, develop, grow and bear fruit normally, and the refrigeration capacity is usually 600 ~ 1200 hours. Therefore, we should pay attention to the low temperature treatment of peaches in winter, and don't put them in a heated house to prevent the soil from drying. If it is dry, water it in time.