Because of the advantages and limitations of cultivation environment and management conditions, potted and bonsai fruit trees have the following obvious characteristics in terms of growth and development, flowering and fruiting, etc., compared with natural trees in field orchard production.

(1) The root system has fewer big roots and more small roots, and its distribution range is small. In a limited potted range, because the growth of young roots is not significantly smaller than that in the field, the root system is easy to hover around the edge and bottom of the basin. Generally, the root mat is formed in the first two or three years, and then the aged root mass with high density is formed until the whole basin is full, which seriously affects the absorption and operation of nutrients. Therefore, every 2-3 years, it is necessary to water the basin, change the soil and repair the roots. In management, in addition to timely supplementing fertilizer and water, weeding and loosening soil, the pot body should be covered to stabilize the temperature and humidity of the pot soil as much as possible to avoid the adverse effects of wind, rain and sun on fruit trees.

(2) The branches are rarely white and long, and the trees are naturally dwarfed, and it is easy for short and medium branches to blossom and bear fruit. At the same time, due to the shortening of the distance between crown and root, it is beneficial to the exchange of nutrients, which makes the interaction between the top and bottom of the tree increase obviously. Therefore, in pruning, attention should be paid to the management of root system to keep the balance and coordination of fruit trees as a whole.

(3) The sensitivity of trees to changes in the external natural environment is enhanced and their resistance is weakened. Therefore, attention should be paid to protecting trees in management to avoid natural disasters such as freezing, peeling and sunburn caused by bad weather conditions.