An artificial lake is a water area that is artificially dug and chiseled at a low level according to the topography, and its coastal scenery is natural, such as Xianhu Lake in Shenzhen, Ming Tombs Reservoir in Beijing and artificial water surfaces in some modern parks. The lake is characterized by a wide and calm water surface, with a sense of openness and openness. In addition, the lake often has a certain water depth, which is beneficial to aquatic products, and there is a good shoreline and surrounding skyline. "Blue waves and white sails float" is the characteristic description of the lake. 1. Layout essentials (1) Make full use of the waterscape characteristics of the lake. No matter whether it is a natural lake or an artificial lake, most of them are surrounded by mountains and waters, and the coastline is tortuous. (2) The treatment of lakeshore should pay attention to the "line" shape, which is concave and convex, and should not be angular, symmetrical, arc, spiral, etc. The garden lake should not be "unobstructed", and various methods should be adopted to organize the lake space. Islands, dikes, bridges, boats, etc. can be used to form a spatial division of yin and yang and lakes and islands, so that the lake is rich in hierarchical changes. At the same time, the top of the bank should change at random, the water level should be high, the water storage should be full, the water surface should be close to the tourists on the shore, and the lake is full of blue waves, which is easy to produce a cordial feeling. (3) When excavating an artificial lake, it is necessary to arrange the lake skillfully according to the site conditions. The site of the lake should be loam, fine soil and thick soil, and it is not advisable to choose too sticky or permeable soil as the lake site. If the permeability is greater than .9m/s, the leakage-proof layer of engineering facilities must be adopted. 2. Key points of construction (1) Determine earthwork quantity according to design drawings, and form point setting-out according to design lines. (2) Investigate the leakage of the foundation site. The annual water loss of good lake bottom accounts for 5%~1% of the water volume, 1%~2% of the general lake bottom and 2%~4% of the poor lake bottom, so as to formulate construction methods and engineering measures. (3) The lake bottom is made according to local conditions, such as lime soil lake bottom, plastic film lake bottom and concrete lake bottom. Among them, lime soil is suitable for large-area lakes, and the concrete lake bottom is very small. 3. Waterbody revetment construction foundation The garden water body requires a stable and beautiful waterfront to maintain a certain area ratio between the land and the water surface, so as to prevent the land from being flooded or the waterfront from collapsing and expanding the water surface. Therefore, revetment and slope protection must be built at the edge of the water body. Otherwise, frost heaving, floating, wind and waves scouring or overweight load will cause collapse, and the bank wall will collapse and deposit water, and the shoreline of the lake will be displaced and deformed, and the depth of the water will be reduced. Finally, shallow water or dry gentle slope deposition zone will be formed around the water body, which will destroy the original design intention and even cause accidents. At the same time, as a water feature, the revetment directly affects the garden landscape. We must consider practicality, economy and beauty as a whole, and strive to make a scene rather than spoil it.
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