Reveal the cause of failure
/kloc-the disastrous failure of the empire to invade Japan twice in the 0/3rd century was recorded in many historical books from East Asia to Europe at that time, which was biased and contradictory. Fortunately, it is not isolated evidence, and there are archaeological findings as circumstantial evidence. After comparing with each other, we can easily find out the truth.
Among them, Koreans are closely related to outsiders and have little interest in war, so their records are more credible. The Mongols attacked Japan because Japan refused to submit to the Mongolian Empire. Kublai Khan sent envoys to Japan many times, demanding that Japan surrender and pay tribute. King Koryo also wrote to the Japanese, asking them to yield to the Mongols, but every time the Japanese contemptuously refused the request.
In the face of such an attack, of course, Mongolian Khan, the king of the world, could not tolerate it, so an armed attack on Japan was inevitable. It should be noted that when Japan was attacked for the first time, the Southern Song Dynasty was not extinct, and Kublai Khan only controlled China in the north. At that time, the Yuan Empire was assembling heavy troops to prepare for the southern expedition, and there were not many troops attacking Japan, and the Han people were not the main force of this invasion.
Kublai Khan insisted on controlling Japan, and there were many more realistic considerations besides showing the authority of Khan. Although Mongolian Khan is rich in the world, it is because of the strong demand of Mongolian nobles for luxury goods and the poor financial management of Mongolian ancients.
Finance is often stretched. Gui You and Meng Ge, two great Khan before Kublai Khan, were both famous for their profligacy. They mainly use precious metals to buy luxury goods, and even use future trophies to mortgage some arrears of debts. Kublai Khan and Ali Buge fought fiercely for Khan for four years. This civil war between Mongols was unprofitable, which naturally worsened the financial situation of the Mongolian Empire. Japan has been the world's largest producer and exporter of silver for hundreds of years, and this rich island country is undoubtedly a piece of fat in the eyes of Mongolian nobles who are in urgent need of hard currency.
In A.D. 1274, the expeditionary force that attacked Japan set sail from Korea and sailed for Kyushu Island. Expeditionary force * * * 25,000 people, about half of whom are Mongolians and Koreans, and some jurchen and a small number of Han people. The commander-in-chief of the Expeditionary Force is Hu Dun of Mongolia, and the two deputy commanders are Hong Chaqiu of Korean nationality and Liu Fuheng of Han nationality. The Yuan Army sailed to Hakata Bay, first captured and ravaged Tsushima Island and Yiqi Island, and then landed in Kyushu. Of the three invading armies, one is the main force and the other is the cooperative defense. The landing site of the main force is about near Nagasaki.
In the face of the first "Mongolian attack", the Japanese Kamakura shogunate mobilized some regular troops to participate in the war, and the Kyushu coastal governors also urgently organized warriors and militia to participate in the war. After more than 20 days of bitter fighting, the Japanese army's tactics were relatively backward and suffered heavy casualties in the first battle, but it still successfully blocked the advance of the Yuan Army. After several days of stalemate, the Japanese gradually adapted to the tactics of the Mongols and began to fight back. Japanese heavy cavalry, mainly composed of samurai, is particularly brave. With the support of archers, they braved the rain of arrows to attack the enemy and fought hand-to-hand with the enemy, which invalidated Mongolia's archery advantage. Liu Fuheng was killed in the fierce battle, and the Yuan army retreated to the beach after most of the damage, relying on the pull-back gun for defense.
At this point, the Yuan army suffered heavy casualties and there was no hope of progress. Their failure is inevitable. As the arrows and supplies were about to run out, the Yuan army could not continue to hold its ground and had to retreat to the ship. On the way back to North Korea, the Yuan Army fleet was hit by a storm and suffered some losses, but most of the ships returned home safely. This battle is called "the Battle of Wenyong" in Japanese history. In East Asia, Mongolians faced their opponents with equipment training and courage for the first time. Koreans are mainly responsible for melee in the battle, because the frontal impact of the Japanese army has suffered heavy losses. Therefore, Koreans are deeply impressed by the combat effectiveness of Japanese soldiers, especially Japanese combat knives. It is said that the swords of ordinary soldiers of the Yuan Army are easily broken with Japanese knives.