2. 1 Adjust the idler gear set
When the conveyor belt of the belt conveyor deviates from the center of the whole belt conveyor, adjust the position of the idler group to adjust the deviation. In order to facilitate adjustment, the mounting holes on both sides of the roller bracket are machined into long holes. The specific method is shown in Figure 3. If the conveyor belt is biased to the A side, the idler pulley set on the A side moves forward in the direction of the conveyor belt, or the idler pulley set on the B side moves backward. This method can eliminate the deviation of belt conveyor caused by frame skew, uneven distribution of mineral materials and vibration.
2.2 Adjust the position of the drive roller and the reversing roller.
The adjustment of idler is an important part of belt conveyor deviation adjustment. The axes of all drum installation positions in the belt conveyor must be perpendicular to the center line of the belt conveyor in the length direction. If the deflection is too large, deviation will inevitably occur. For the drum at the head of the belt conveyor, if the conveyor belt is biased to the A side of the drum, the A side bearing seat should move forward or the B side bearing seat should move backward to realize the relaxation of the A side conveyor belt or the tension of the B side. The adjustment method of the tail drum is just the opposite to that of the head drum. Due to the limited adjustment distance of the driving drum, in general, after the axis of the driving drum is adjusted to be perpendicular to the length direction of the belt conveyor, the position of the bearing seat of the tail reversing drum is adjusted by using the screw tensioner or the heavy hammer tensioner. This method can effectively eliminate the belt deviation caused by belt slack and frame skew.
2.3 Install the self-aligning idler assembly.
In the middle of the whole belt conveyor, self-aligning idler groups are often installed to prevent the conveyor belt from running off. The principle of anti-deviation is to adjust the deviation of conveyor belt by blocking or generating lateral thrust through the rotation of idler in the horizontal plane to center the belt automatically. Generally, when the total length of the belt conveyor is short or the belt conveyor runs in both directions, it is more reasonable to adopt this method, because the shorter belt conveyor is more prone to deviation and is not easy to adjust. It is best not to use this method for long belt conveyor, because the use of self-aligning idler groups will have a certain impact on the service life of the belt.
2.4 Adjustment of tension
According to the form of tension, it can be divided into: heavy hammer tension (including tail heavy hammer tension and middle heavy hammer tension) and mechanical tension (generally screw tension). The two reversing rollers at the upper part of the tension part of the heavy hammer should be perpendicular to the vertical line of gravity in addition to the length direction of the belt, that is, to ensure that the axis line is horizontal. When screw tensioning is used, the two bearing seats of the tensioning roller should translate at the same time to ensure that the roller shaft is perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the belt. The specific adjustment method of belt deviation is similar to the adjustment at the drum.
2.5 Adjustment of the influence of the blanking position of the transfer point on the deviation of the conveyor belt
In the conveying system of belt conveyor, the blanking height of transfer point has a great influence on the deviation of belt, especially when the projection of two belt conveyors on the horizontal plane is vertical. Generally, the relative height of the upper and lower belt conveyors at the transfer point should be considered. The lower the relative height, the greater the horizontal velocity component of the material, and the greater the lateral impact on the lower belt, making it difficult for the material to center. The material on the cross section of the belt deflects, which eventually leads to the deviation of the conveyor belt. If the material shifts to the right, the belt shifts to the left, and vice versa. In the installation process, the relative height of two belt conveyors should be increased as much as possible if conditions permit. At the same time, the shape and size of the upper and lower funnels, guide grooves and other parts should be carefully designed. Generally speaking, the width of the guide chute is about 2/3 of the width of the conveyor belt. In addition, in order to reduce or avoid belt deviation, a baffle can be added to block materials, and a baffle conveyor belt can be used to change the falling direction and position of materials.