(1) Postgraduates of National Plan
Postgraduate training funds for national planned enrollment are provided by the state, which are divided into non-oriented graduate students and oriented graduate students (referred to as "oriented students").
① Non-directional graduate students
Non-directional graduate students should obey the national employment guidance when they graduate, and implement a two-way employment selection system of independent selection, recommendation by enrollment units and selection by employers. Tuition fees are all provided by the state and schools, accommodation fees need to be borne by themselves, and the relationship between household registration and archives needs to be changed.
② Oriented graduate students
A. Orientation training for graduate students refers to the graduate students who specify their work units after graduation by contract at the time of enrollment, and the training expenses during their study period are provided by the state to the training units according to the prescribed standards.
B. Employers, that is, institutions of higher learning, scientific research institutions focusing on basic research, state key enterprises (determined by the State Education Commission in consultation with relevant departments), government, party and state organs, cultural, medical and health institutions funded by the People's Liberation Army and other public welfare institutions, may request directional training of graduate students. In addition to the above scope, the employer's demand for graduate students shall not be directed, and the employer can only provide training expenses and entrusted training. Training units or their competent departments shall not expand the scope of directional training employers by themselves.
C. Orientation students must sign an orientation training agreement signed by the candidate's work unit, the admission school and the candidate himself before admission. Files, personnel, registered permanent residence, and salary relations remain in the original work unit, and after graduation, they will work in the targeted area or unit according to the contract.
D. Directional student source form: First, the employer recommends the on-the-job personnel trained by the unit to take postgraduate entrance examinations; The second is to select from the on-the-job personnel who take part in the national unified examination; The third is to select from those who recommend undergraduate graduates to be master students. Take the above three forms of directional students, by the admissions unit is responsible for the enrollment work, according to the standards stipulated by the State Education Commission for primary selection, and put forward the admission list, after consultation with the employer (the second and third forms of directional students must also obtain the consent of the candidates themselves), after signing the contract, the admissions unit will issue the admission notice. After taking the first form of on-the-job personnel are admitted as graduate students, they will not change their working relationship during their study and enjoy the original salary and welfare benefits; The second and third forms of admission as graduate students are treated the same as full-time graduate students, that is, they enjoy the living allowance stipulated by the state during their study. The employer of the targeted students can also provide some living allowances for the targeted students.
E. Contents of contract management for graduate orientation training
The contract system will be adopted for directional training of graduate students. Before enrollment, colleges and universities and employers, employers and graduate students must sign directional training contracts respectively according to the requirements, and handle notarization. Before the signing of the contract, the training unit shall not issue the admission notice to the directional training graduate students.
The contents of the contract between units should include: enrollment major, enrollment number, candidates' names, training requirements, treatment and management during postgraduate study, validity period of the contract, liability for breach of contract and other contents deemed necessary by both parties.
The contents of the contract signed by the employer and the graduate students should include: the major of graduate study, the work arrangement and minimum service life after graduation, the treatment provided by the employer during the postgraduate study, the validity period of the contract, the liability for breach of contract and other contents that both parties think necessary.
(2) Entrust the training of graduate students
(1) The concept of entrusted postgraduate training and its difference from the national plan to train postgraduate students.
A. It is an important reform of China's graduate enrollment plan and graduate distribution system to recruit and commission graduate students in colleges and universities. It has played a positive role in encouraging colleges and universities to tap their potential, training more graduate students and better meeting the social demand for senior professionals.
B. Colleges and universities should implement the contract system when recruiting graduate students entrusted for training. Commissioned training contracts should be signed by the entrusting unit and the training unit, the entrusting unit and the entrusted students. The training expenses for entrusted students are provided by the entrusting unit, and they will work in the entrusting unit after graduation. Commissioned students enjoy the same treatment as master students in the national plan during their study and after graduation.
C. The main difference between the graduate students entrusted for training and the graduate students enrolled by the state plan: the source of training expenses and the way of graduation distribution are different.
The training funds for entrusted postgraduate training are provided by the entrusting unit and returned to the entrusting unit after graduation; The state plans to recruit graduate students, and the funds for postgraduate training are provided by the state. Under the guidance of the national plan, non-directional students choose their own volunteers, which are recommended by the enrollment unit and selected by the employer. After graduation, the targeted students will work in the targeted areas or units according to the contract.
(2) The basic content of contract management of entrusted training graduate students.
A. Colleges and universities should implement the contract system when recruiting and training graduate students. The entrusted training contract shall be signed by the entrusting unit and the training unit, and signed by the entrusting unit and the entrusted graduate students.
B. The contract between the entrusting unit and the training unit shall include enrollment specialty, enrollment number, training requirements, treatment and management during the entrusted postgraduate study, graduation distribution method, amount and distribution method of training expenses, validity period of the contract and responsibilities that the entrusting party shall bear.
C. The contract signed between the entrusting unit and the graduate students entrusted for training should include the main contents such as the volunteer of entrusted training, the major studied, the treatment during the study period, the graduation distribution method, the minimum working years in the entrusting unit, the validity period of the contract, and the responsibilities of those who violate the contract.
D. in order to maintain the seriousness of the contract, notarization procedures should be handled.
(3) the form of entrusted training of graduate students.
A. Select from the graduate students enrolled by the enrollment unit;
B. The entrusting unit recommends the on-the-job personnel of the unit to take the postgraduate entrance examination of the enrollment unit;
C. Try out the methods of enrolling students by entrusting units (the disciplines and majors to be enrolled must have the right to award degrees) and cultivating enrollment units.
Take the first and second forms to entrust enrollment, and the whole enrollment work shall be undertaken by the enrollment unit, and the primary list shall be put forward according to the prescribed standards. After discussion and agreement with the entrusting unit (the first form of entrusting students must obtain the consent of the candidates themselves), and after signing the contract, the admissions unit will issue an admission notice.
Take the third form of entrusted training students, by the entrusting unit according to the admission criteria put forward a primary list, with the consent of the admissions unit teachers, teaching and research section, department (institute) review, and with the approval of the dean of the graduate school, I agree, by the admissions unit and the entrusting unit jointly issued a notice of admission, or by the entrusting unit after admission, transferred to the admissions unit.
(3) Self-funded graduate students
Self-funded graduate students, namely self-funded graduate students. Self-funded and unplanned postgraduate fees shall be implemented in accordance with relevant state documents. Transfer the relationship between household registration and archives when entering school. Unplanned graduate students also need to take the national examination, and the examination content is the same as that of planned graduate students. Candidates whose test scores exceed the minimum score prescribed by the state but cannot be enrolled in the plan can apply for unplanned admission to the academic affairs office of the college (department, institute or center) where they apply in time. The teaching arrangement is the same as that of the planned graduate students. After completing the credits, you can get the same graduation certificate and degree certificate as the planned graduate students through the thesis.
Among the three types of graduate students, the proportion of non-directional graduate students (that is, publicly-funded graduate students) planned by the state is getting less and less, and with the continuous expansion of enrollment scale, the number and proportion of self-funded graduate students are also increasing. In the long run, it is an unchangeable trend to fully charge graduate students.
The postgraduate stage, like the university stage, is not compulsory education, so naturally it is impossible to use taxpayers' money completely and bear part of it by itself. Especially in China, a country with a serious shortage of education funds, compulsory education funds need to be increased urgently, and primary and secondary school students in rural and poverty-stricken areas can't go to school completely, so the postgraduate training funds can only keep a certain proportion. Graduate students can have higher teaching, scientific research and working ability, generally speaking, they can get better jobs and higher pay, and limited investment can have considerable returns. Moreover, in a relatively developed society, there are only a few people who are qualified for graduate studies, and appropriate fees are also reasonable restrictions on admission qualifications.
According to statistics, the cost of training a graduate student is about 30,000 yuan, and it takes 45,000 yuan to train a doctoral student. Since the enrollment expansion of colleges and universities, China's graduate education has developed rapidly. According to statistics, 1998, there are 45,000 graduate students and 45,000 doctoral students. In 2005, there were 370,000 graduate students enrolled, including 310.6 million graduate students and 54,000 doctoral students.
Some newly established postgraduate education, such as MBA, has been charged. Postgraduate education is not compulsory, and charging is the general trend. In the past, the state supported a certain number of graduate students at public expense because the country was in urgent need of talents at this level, and there was no such urgent demand. However, it is certain that other supporting scholarship and bursary systems will be established and improved after graduate students are fully charged, so as to prevent graduate education from becoming the patent of the rich.