temperature
Temperature is the main factor limiting the distribution, growth and development of kiwifruit. Every species has a suitable temperature range, beyond which it will grow poorly or cannot survive. Most kiwifruit varieties require warm and humid climate, that is, subtropical or temperate humid and semi-humid climate, which is mainly distributed in the vast area of north latitude 18 ~ 34 degrees. The annual average temperature is about11.3 ~16.9℃, the extreme maximum temperature is 42.6℃, and the extreme minimum temperature is about -20.3℃ and 65438.
Kiwifruit populations have different requirements for temperature. For example, China kiwifruit grows well at the annual average temperature of 4 ~ 20℃, while delicious kiwifruit is most widely distributed at 13 ~ 18℃. The growth and development stages of kiwifruit are also affected by temperature. Studies have shown that when the temperature rises to about 10℃, the tender buds of Actinidia deliciosa begin to germinate, and when the temperature is above 15℃, it can blossom and bear fruit above 20℃. When the temperature drops to about 12℃, they enter the defoliation dormancy period, and the whole development process takes about 2 10 ~.
moisture
Kiwi is a fruit tree that needs water and is afraid of waterlogging. It is a fruit tree with weak physiological drought tolerance and weak moisture tolerance. Therefore, the requirements for soil moisture and air humidity are strict, which determines that kiwifruit is most suitable for planting in areas with abundant rainfall, uniform distribution, high air humidity and moist but not waterlogging. In the natural distribution areas of kiwifruit and peach in China, the annual precipitation is 800 mm ~ 2200 mm, and the air relative humidity is 74.3% ~ 85%. Generally speaking, the area with annual precipitation 1000 mm ~ 2000 mm and air relative humidity of about 80% can meet the requirements of kiwifruit growth and development for water. If the average annual precipitation is 500 mm, it is necessary to consider setting up irrigation facilities to prevent drought. The mountainous area is foggy, the soil on both sides of the stream is moist, and the humidity is high all the year round, which is the ideal condition for the growth of kiwifruit. In the central and eastern regions, there is abundant rain from April to June, and the growth of new shoots is large, which is suitable for the growth requirements of kiwifruit.
The drought resistance of monkey peach is worse than that of ordinary fruit trees. Kiwi has large and dense leaf shape, large transpiration and large water demand. According to estimates, the annual transpiration loss in kiwi fruit tree with a canopy area of 25 square meters is more than 75 liters per day. Generally, when the soil water content is reduced to 5%-6%, it will lead to insufficient water and hinder the growth of kiwifruit branches, and its leaves will begin to suffer from drought, and the leaves will droop and become smaller and wither. During drought, the leaves begin to dry up, so it is necessary to irrigate or spray water in time, especially at the seedling stage, when the roots are not fully developed, it is necessary to supplement enough water. In addition to drought resistance, kiwifruit is also afraid of waterlogging. When the drainage is poor or flooded for 2 ~ 3 days, the plant dies about 40%. Plum rain in the south of China or rainy season in the north of China, if it rains continuously and the drainage is not smooth, will make the root system in a flooded state, which will affect the root system respiration. After a long time, the root system tissue will rot and the plants will die. Therefore, deep and high border planting should be carried out when planting, and a perfect irrigation and drainage system should be built in the orchard.
illuminate
Kiwifruit varieties like semi-shady environment, like sunshine but sensitive to strong light, and belong to fruit tree varieties with moderate preference for light. Sunshine time is required to be 1300-2600 hours. I like diffuse light and avoid direct light. The results show that the plant needs some light, and the suitable natural light intensity is 42% ~ 45%.
land
Slightly acidic sandy soil with deep fertility, good air permeability, groundwater level below 1 m, high organic matter content and PH value of 5.5-6.5 is suitable, and strong acid or strong alkali soil can be planted only after it is improved.
altitude
Kiwifruit can generally be planted at 800- 1800 meters, but the altitude of 1000- 1600 meters is more suitable.
Other conditions
Kiwifruit is quite weak in wind resistance and vulnerable to wind damage. The main reason is that its leaves are large and inelastic. Strong winds cause shoots to break, leaves to break, and fruits to be bruised or shaken, thus reducing yield and commodity performance. Therefore, the mountain garden construction should try to avoid choosing the windward mouth, ridge and windy area at the top of the mountain, and should choose the leeward slope with the direction of early sunny slope and late sunny slope.