Sowing method: propagate with seeds, after the fruits are ripe and harvested, remove the pulp and take out the seeds, wash them, dry them slightly, and then sow or store them. Each kilogram of seeds 1500 ~ 1700, the germination rate can reach 95%. Sow with the harvest, and sow in February-March. The seeds are hard. Soak in warm water 1 ~ 2 days before sowing. After the seeds absorb water and swell, drill or sow as needed. Germination began after 5 ~ 6 days of sowing and basically emerged after 20 days. The seedlings grow rapidly in the early stage after being unearthed. After 1 month growth, the average height of seedlings is 15 ~ 20cm, the root depth is 10 ~ 15cm, and the root width is 5cm×5em. In the meantime, the seedlings need a little shade. After 5 ~ 6 months, when the seedlings grow to a height of about 50cm, they can be planted out of the nursery. Choose seedlings that grow for 3 months and have a height of about 30cm in rainy season. Peripheral selection 1 annual seedling planting. It can also be planted in autumn and spring. Before planting in pieces, dig holes and sow in rainy season, with a spacing of 2m×5m, and sow 2 ~ 3 seeds per hole. After planting, grazing is prohibited.

Note: When sowing, the seeds can be taken out and soaked in warm water at 60-70 degrees Celsius, and then soaked for 5-6 days after the water temperature cools naturally. After the seeds are fully imbibed, clean fine river sand with water content of 5% should be mixed in layers at the ratio of 1: 4 to accelerate germination, and the sand bed should be kept moist. White radicle can be sown after three to four days, and the radicle should not be too long to avoid sowing difficulties. After sowing, water it thoroughly, keep the soil moist and remove weeds in time. Avoid direct sunlight at seedling stage. In May, a sunshade net should be set on the seedbed, with the height above 1.5; When the seedling height is 250px, 20% diluted human excrement and urine can be used, and 0.2%~0.4% potassium dihydrogen phosphate can be sprayed after the new shoots mature 15 days, and the fertilizer can be applied once every 15 to 20 days. 50% carbendazim can be sprayed 800~ 1000 times to control diseases, and triadimefon can be added when powdery mildew appears. After two months, when the stem diameter of the seedling exceeds 10px, it can be transplanted to the field for planting. The seedling stage is too long and there are too many roots, which are easy to damage the roots and affect the survival rate. It is best to sow in July of that year and replenish seedlings in August, so that the young trees in the whole orchard can grow neatly. Tamarind trees need pruning. The purpose is to control high growth, improve branching performance and form short crown. Therefore, it is necessary to prune and cultivate the crown from the young tree stage (generally, the height of the tree is1.5 ~ 2m). The first is capping, when the trunk 1.5~2 meters high, the top (terminal bud) is cut off to control the high growth and promote the growth of lateral branches; When the lateral branches are longer than the trunk, they are capped, so that after several years of control, the height and crown width of the tree can be reduced. After capping, the lateral branches grow more densely and there are more internal branches. When the light transmission is poor, the short crown tree can be obtained by properly pruning the inner branches.

The maturity of sour horn is from early April to early June. When the appearance is grayish brown, the pulp is vermilion with good flavor, the pulp is separated from the pericarp, and the ear shaft is mature when it is separated from the base. You can harvest it immediately. When picking, it is necessary to prevent the fruit shell from cracking, which will affect the appearance and price of the fruit. In addition, attention should be paid to avoid damaging and breaking vegetative branches, which will affect the yield in the next year. Ziziphus jujuba fruit is resistant to storage and transportation. After harvesting, the branches and leaves can be cut off and dried, and it can be stored at room temperature, or packed into plastic bags with different weights according to varieties for transportation and sales. According to the different maturity of fruits, fruits on the same tree can be harvested in batches. When harvesting, use branches to cut, do not hurt the fruit, and pick lightly.

Reasonable close planting and timely planting: the adaptability of tamarind root system to arid environment is one of the physiological indexes of plant drought resistance and an important embodiment of photosynthetic product distribution. In the natural environment, the stress of environmental factors often limits the distribution pattern of plant growth, and the competition for light, nutrients and water is an important factor to determine the distribution of biomass. From the results of root-shoot ratio of tamarind under different water conditions, it can be seen that the root-shoot ratio of tamarind is inversely proportional to soil water content. When the soil moisture content was 8% ~ 10%, tamarind was subjected to severe drought stress, the root-shoot ratio reached 62.4 1 ~ 66.88%, and the root system was very developed. When the soil moisture content is 13% ~ 15% and 18% ~ 20%, tamarind is still under water stress, and its root-shoot ratio is 53. 12 ~ 60.84%, and its root growth is still greater than that of the aboveground parts. When the soil moisture content is 23% ~ 25%, the aboveground part and root growth of tamarind account for 49.66 ~ 5 1.55% respectively.

The above data show that when tamarind is under drought stress, its root system grows faster in order to absorb more water to meet its water physiological needs. The root system of plants in dry-hot valley is developed, and improving water absorption work and energy is the basis of adapting to arid environment. The planting density is 6m×6m or 6m×8m, and 270-225 plants are planted per hectare. The planting hole length× width× depth is1.4m× 0.7mx1.0m+0.0m, and each hole is applied with farm manure 100kg, (calcium, magnesium and phosphorus) * * 3kg, and phosphate fertilizer. Nitrogen fertilizer is mainly applied in the young and new shoot growth period, and thin application promotes growth. Apply 0.05kg of urea in March and July every year, and then increase the amount of fertilizer year by year, with 0.2kg+ urea +0.5kg of calcium as appropriate. Adult trees consume a lot of nutrients when they bloom and bear fruit, so the amount of fertilization should be heavy. According to the growth and development characteristics of Zizyphus jujuba, the autumn shoots were attacked by urea, and appropriate compound fertilizer or calcium fertilizer was applied to strengthen the fruit. Apply it in July or August before the fruit expansion period, and apply 0.5 kg urea+0.5 kg calcium 1.5kg per plant. Fertilization time: it should be applied in the rainy season in the hot valley area, which is beneficial to the absorption of fertilizer and enhances the drought resistance of trees.

Effects of different treatments on soil fertility; Treat soil layer

organic substance

(%) Total nitrogen

(%) Total phosphorus

(%) Total potassium

(%) Hydrolyzed nitrogen

(%) available phosphorus

(㎎/㎏) Available potassium

(㎎/) Processing10 ~ 300.67 0.054 0.022 0.62619.47 5.36 66.8130 ~ 600.500 0.199 0.05438+. 5438+05 treatment 20 ~ 300.66 0.059 0.01710.073 25.922.13 92.0430 ~ 600.35 0.033 0.0160.982/kloc. Mistranslation of their names will make people eat by mistake and cause unnecessary trouble. By consulting a large number of information about acid angle, the two are distinguished here.

Luo: Eichhornia crassipes,

Alias Frequency Poguo (Answer to the Generation Outside the Ridge), Jiupi (Scholar's Academy Hand Mirror), Luo (Compendium), Pan Anguo (Materia Medica), Qijieguo and Fuji Zi (Flora of Guangzhou).

The source is the seed of purple sweet potato.

Sour horn:

Alias Tong Mountain hare, Tong Xuexiang, Mohan, Mam, Tamarind, Sour Dumpling, Sour Bean, Sweet Eye and Sweet Bean. Properties of acid bean of hematoxylin family. The sour horn produced in Yunnan can be divided into three types: sour horn (fruit-shaped horseshoe), medium sweet horn (fruit-shaped loach, also known as sour horn) and sweet horn (mainly distributed in Jinghong, Menghai, Mengla, Simao and Yuxi autonomous counties of Yuanjiang Hani, Yi and Dai in Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province), among which sweet horn is very popular with consumers. Its variety resources mainly include the following aspects:

Angle of horseshoe acid

The pods are horseshoe-shaped, slightly flat, sour in taste and high in yield.

loach

The tree is tall, with pods like loach, sweet taste and low yield.

Miyi sour dumplings

The tree is tall, the pod is half curved, the meat is thick, the taste is sweet, the fruit is early and the yield is high.

Taste classification

Sour horn can be divided into three types according to taste: sweet type, sweet and sour type and sour type.

Acidic angular morphology

Evergreen tree with sour angle, 6-20 meters high. The bark is dark gray and irregularly split. Even pinnate compound leaves, alternate; Petiole short and stout; Leaflets 14-40, leaves oblong, length 1-2.4cm, width 4-9mm, obtuse or slightly concave apex, nearly round base, oblique, glabrous on both sides, entire. Many ovules. Pods are plump and fleshy, cylindrical, straight or slightly curved, taupe, 3-6 cm long and 2 cm wide. When the fruit is ripe, it is reddish brown and sour. 3- 10 seed, nearly rectangular, reddish brown, shiny. The flowering period is May-August, and the fruiting period is 7-65438+ February-May of the following year. Fruit contains organic acids such as sugar, d- tartaric acid, citric acid, formic acid and 2- malic acid. It also contains amino acids such as serine, β-alanine, proline, phenylalanine, leucine and piperidine -2. The leaves contain d- tartaric acid, l- malic acid, vitexin, isovitexin, orientin, isoorientin and so on. Young leaves and buds are rich in copper.

Tamarind is rich in 18 amino acids (including 8 essential amino acids for human body and 2 essential amino acids for infants), vitamin B 1, B2, C, mineral nutrients such as calcium, phosphorus, iron, sulfur, manganese, magnesium, copper, sodium, potassium and strontium, various organic acids, and high content of protein and soluble total sugar. Acanthopanax senticosus is known as the "king of calcium" in fruits. The pulp is rich in calcium, phosphorus, iron and other elements, especially the calcium content is extremely significant, so it is called "the king of calcium in fruits".