I. Title
The headline is the eyes of the news. A good news must first have a good title. Elaborate headlines are like "the finishing touch", which should not only summarize the main contents of news, but also be eye-catching, novel and interesting. Only in this way can we attract readers' attention and enhance their reading interest.
There are three forms of news headlines:
1, multi-line title. It is mainly a three-line title, which consists of a leading topic, a theme and a subtitle. Introductions, also called eyebrow questions, are used to introduce the background, set off the atmosphere and get to the point. A topic is also called a theme, and its function is to summarize the main content of news or point out the central idea of news. Subtitles, also known as subtopics, are used to introduce the situation related to the topic and supplement the topic, such as pointing out the meaning and results. For example:
Government delegations from 44 countries gathered in Addis Ababa.
The second ministerial meeting of the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation was held.
Wen Jiabao and 10 African leaders attended the opening ceremony.
2. Double-line title. It consists of introduction, theme or title, and subtitle. Topics generally have substantial content, so they are also called real questions; Subtitles and quotations are generally explanations of atmosphere and meaning, so they are also called empty questions. Double-line titles are generally a combination of reality and reality, which echo each other and complement each other. For example:
The gunfire and abuse in the media should be consistent with the stock exchange rate, and oil prices fluctuate.
Saddam Hussein's arrest stirred the global market.
Another example is:
Let afforestation and papermaking go hand in hand.
-Thoughts on Accelerating the Development of China's Paper Industry
3. Single line title. A single-line title refers to a title with only a theme. This title requires highlighting the theme, concise and eye-catching. For example:
Let information technology benefit all mankind.
The requirements for news headline writing are:
1, accurate. That is, the title should properly summarize the content, spirit and essence of the news.
2. Vivid. That is, on the basis of accuracy, try to highlight the vividness of content and expression to attract readers.
3. novels. "Novelty" is the basic requirement of news, and not novelty is not enough to become news. Headlines should be good at highlighting new things and new directions and grasping the most newsworthy issues.
II. Introduction
Introduction is the first sentence or the first natural paragraph at the beginning of news. Usually, concise words are used to summarize the main contents of news, reveal the theme of news, and let readers have a general concept of news content first.
The role of lead is very important. Whether news can arouse readers' interest in reading depends largely on the success of lead writing, so when writing news, we should put the most important and fresh facts in the lead. Inverted pyramid structure is the basic format of news. The so-called "inverted pyramid" is to arrange the facts in the news in descending order of importance, that is, put the most important facts first, the second most important facts second, and so on. The introduction is the topmost fact of this "inverted pyramid".
News leads are usually written in the following ways:
1, narrative. This is the most common way. It describes the most important, fresh and attractive facts in the news in a highly summarized way. For example:
On February 22nd, the Expert Forum 65438+, one of the two major discussion activities of the 2003 China Convention and Exhibition Economic Forum, was held in the press conference hall of the Great Hall of the People. 300 representatives from major exhibition cities, exhibition organizers, exhibition service enterprises and research institutions in China listened to the speeches of eight senior experts in the industry and had in-depth exchanges with them.
(Excerpted from Economic Daily's February 24, 2003 "Promoting the Accurate Positioning of Exhibition Enterprises and Urban Development Strategies" +65438)
2. descriptive. Describe a characteristic fact and a meaningful aspect in concise language, giving readers a vivid impression. For example:
Classical brown oak barrels, gray European wine castles and dreamy light green vineyards-these are the patterns on the product label of Geng Shi wine castles newly built by Geng Xinjian, a farmer in Gengzhuang Village, Changli County, Hebei Province. ……
(Excerpted from Economic Daily, June 5, 2003, 438+February 23, 2003, Liquor Regulations Rewritten for a Farmer)
3. Comment style. Make concise and incisive comments on the reported facts to reveal the essence and function of things and attract readers' attention. For example:
The year 2003 is coming to an end. When people take stock of the EU's annual harvest, there is joy, but more melancholy. It is gratifying that the EU has made decisive progress in its eastward expansion, but it is worrying that the euro zone economy has not improved.
(Excerpted from Economic Daily, June 5438+February 65438+June, 2003, How Much Happiness and Sorrow Does the EU Have)
4. Conclusion. Write the conclusion of the news facts at the beginning, get to the point and reflect the significance of the facts. For example:
With the opening of Mian (County) Ning (Qiang) expressway ahead of schedule, Shaanxi Province has become the first province in the northwest and the second province in the west where the mileage of expressway has exceeded 1 10,000 kilometers.
(Excerpted from Economic Daily's February 23rd, 2003, expressway Pavement in Li Qian, Shaanxi +65438).
5. Question type. Asking questions leads to the facts of news reports, setting suspense and arousing readers' attention and thinking. For example:
How can a big economic province achieve all-round progress in economic development and social undertakings? Guangdong conscientiously studied and implemented the spirit of the Central Economic Work Conference, clearly put forward six "more emphasis", and strived to achieve sustained, rapid, coordinated and healthy economic development and all-round social progress in the province.
(Excerpted from Economic Daily, 2003, 65438+February 24, Guangdong Sixth "Pay Close Attention" to Promote All-round Economic and Social Development)
6. offer. Quote news-related poems, aphorisms, etc. To enhance the vividness of the clues. such as
"A big river is wide, and the wind blows rice flowers on both sides." "From the grassland to Tiananmen Square, hold high the golden cup and March with great strides." The classic song that accompanied and influenced the growth of generations is played again in the Beijing Concert Hall tonight, still deeply touching the hearts of the audience.
(Excerpted from People's Daily1999101October 7)
Several requirements that should be paid attention to when writing sales leads;
1, which cannot be duplicate with the title. The function of the lead is similar to that of the title, but the title is to summarize the spiritual essence of the full text, and the lead is an extension of the title, so we should speak with facts.
2. Leave room for the following. Although the introduction is the essence of the full text, it can not be exhausted; The lead can contain background materials, but it should be as brief as possible and reserved for the following. A good lead can make the main part of the news unfold naturally and provide convenience for later writing.
3, the principle of combining various elements. The five elements in news-when, where, who, what, why or why-are called five "W" for short. Adding an "h" after it means how, how, which can be understood as the meaning of the result. Five "W" and "H", each of which may enter the lead, the key is to see which one is more newsworthy. If news figures are familiar to the society and particularly important in news, they should be people-oriented. And so on.
4. Use facts and avoid ambiguity. News should have written content and introduction should have concrete facts. Novices should pay special attention to avoid writing news leads with empty language, abstract concepts and popular slogans, and speak with vivid facts.
5. The language should be concise. The news itself requires concise language, and the news lead should be carefully scrutinized word by word, so as to be meticulous and quiet.
Third, the main body
After the introduction, it is the subject. It is the main part of the news, and the news content is comprehensively expounded with sufficient and concrete facts to reflect the theme of the full text.
The news lead has pointed out the theme of the news, and the expression and exertion of the main part of the news theme is essentially an expansion and supplement to the content of the lead, which makes the facts mentioned in the lead more clear and makes the five "W" and one "H" more clear.
There are usually three types of news topic structures:
1, time series structure. It arranges the hierarchy according to the order of occurrence and development of events. This structure can make readers have a clear and complete impression of the whole process of the occurrence and development of the event. For example, the article "Yesterday's Test of Luanhe River Diversion Project" is written from "morning 10" to "8 pm" in chronological order.
2. Logical structure. It is based on the internal relations or logical relations between things, such as causality, juxtaposition, primary and secondary relations, etc. For example, in the article "Why does the European Central Bank allow the euro to appreciate", according to the logical order, starting from the reasons of the depreciation of the dollar and the appreciation of the euro, how to prevent the situation from continuing to expand is written.
3. There are both sequential and logical structures. The writing of the topic requires rigorous structure and distinct levels; The content is substantial and closely related to the theme; Pay due attention to cutting and detail; Concise, clear and vivid, etc.
Fourth, the background
Background is the historical environment, objective conditions and its connection with the surrounding things of news events. In addition to Jane Xun, general news should explain the background. The function of background is to make readers understand the news content better and more accurately, and make the news more full, vivid and the theme more profound.
Background is not an independent component and has no fixed position, so it cannot be used as an independent level of news structure. Background materials can be explained at one time or scattered in the introduction, text and ending, and generally appear in the introduction and text. The background material is a subordinate part of the news, not too much, otherwise it will usurp the host's role.
There are three commonly used background materials:
1, comparison material. Compare the advantages and disadvantages of people or things, past and present, and highlight its significance in comparison. For example, in the news introduction of "Commercial Industry Emerges Suddenly", it was written as follows: "Take the commercial industry that used to appear in the form of small workshops with simple facilities and front shops and back factories as an example, the total output value this year exceeded120 billion yuan, among which the commercial food industry ranked first in the total output value of China's food industry ..." Here, "In the past ..." is a relatively background material. Without this background, it is not a "sudden emergence."
2. Descriptive materials. That is to introduce and describe the historical background, geographical environment, material basis and social environment related to the reported facts. For example, a news report in Qixia County, Shandong Province, which makes full use of local resources and develops diversified businesses wrote: "Qixia County has rolling mountains and ravines, with 3,650 hills and ridges, with a total area of 306. 70,000 mu; The beach, water surface and village are 2.09 million mu, and it is good to develop diversified business conditions. However, in the past, one-sided attention was paid to grain, and diversified economy stagnated. In order to lead farmers to get rich as soon as possible, the county party Committee decided to March into the beach and develop diversified operations while continuing to do a good job in grain production. " This background material focuses on the geographical conditions, production basis and leadership determination of Qixia County, so that readers can better understand the production experience of Qixia County.
3. Annotative materials. That is to explain the concepts, principles, nouns and terms involved in news reports to help readers understand the relevant contents in the news. For example, the news "Shangluo ordered labor services to guarantee migrant workers" begins with the following words: "In June 5438+February 65438+March, 40 contract migrant workers in Shangluo City, Shaanxi Province set off from Shangluo and embarked on the journey of working in the south. Different from the past, these 40 migrant workers have a bottom in mind about where to go, what to do and how much to earn, because the human resources company has signed labor contracts with employers for migrant workers. Migrant workers call it' order' service. " In this passage, what is called "order service" is annotated to facilitate readers to correctly understand the news content.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) conclusion
The ending, also known as the epilogue, is the last sentence or paragraph of news.
The role of the ending or the full text deepens the theme; Or explain the results and indicate the meaning; Or point out the development trend and show the future; Some words are poor and have no ending.
The ending is written like this:
1, summary type. Make a brief summary of the facts or significance of the report to highlight the key points and deepen the impression. For example:
In short, it will take a long time for the public to understand money market funds, fund management companies and regulatory authorities still have a lot of work to do, and the role of money market funds themselves. Although the introduction of money market funds will have a certain impact on Chinese residents' savings, there will be no "savings moving".
(Excerpted from Economic Daily, 2003, 65438+February, 65438+February, I don't think I need to worry about saving it! 》)
2. Heuristic. After telling the main facts, leave readers room for thinking in inspiring language. For example:
Looking at the mountains of wheat straw and rolling black water in the factory, people can't help but ask: when will the Wei Canal become clear?
(Excerpted from People's Daily1October 20th 1999, 10 "When will the Wei Canal be cleared? )
3. Incentive type. Inspire readers' enthusiasm with passionate language. For example:
A hundred years of reincarnation, vicissitudes of life. The surging Pearl River witnessed 120 years, the Baiyun Mountain with spring flowers and autumn fruits, listening to the laughter of telecom operators. Guangzhou Telecom is maturing with its unique charm, participating in the international market competition with stronger strength and newer look, accelerating the construction of South China modern communication center with international comprehensive competitiveness, and realizing the dreams of several generations of telecom operators!
(Excerpted from "Century Dream" of Economic Daily in February 2003 (12))
4. significance. Point out the significance of news. For example:
The visit is short, but the friendship is eternal. There is an ancient poem by China: "Make friends once again, and make friends thousands of miles away." Premier Wen Jiabao's visit to the United States has promoted Sino-US friendship, enhanced friendship and understanding between the two peoples, and promoted the development of constructive and cooperative relations between the two countries.
(Excerpted from Economic Daily, February 2003, Strengthening Cooperation for Mutual Benefit and Win-Win, 65438+2003)
5. Forward-looking. After reporting the main facts, further point out the inevitable trend or inevitable result of things. For example:
It is reported that China Ping An Insurance Company has planned to go public early next year, and many insurance companies will target the domestic A-share market. Through more transparent and standardized actions, China's insurance industry will surely enter a faster and more benign development.
(Excerpted from Economic Daily's "International Storm Tests the Reality of China's Insurance Industry" in February 65438+February 2003)
6. Call-up. Put forward attractive opinions according to the reported facts and encourage readers to take action to achieve a certain goal. For example:
He (Wen Jiabao) said that today mankind is in an era of rapid social change. Tracing back to the source, inheriting the lifeline, learning from each other's strong points and pioneering and innovating are wise choices for all countries to carry forward excellent culture. I call on us to use wisdom and strength to promote the progress and development of human civilization.