2, living cells, cell membranes can allow useful substances to enter the cells, keep other substances out of the cells, and at the same time can also discharge the waste generated in the cells, so as not to let the useful substances in the cells flow out casually. Please summarize the functional characteristics of cell membrane:
A. selective penetration B. complete penetration C. fully enclosed characteristics D. sometimes full penetration, sometimes semi-penetration.
3. The process of cell differentiation and growth is:
A. Cell division → cell growth → cell differentiation B. Cell growth → cell division → cell differentiation
C. Cell division → cell differentiation → cell growth D. Cell differentiation → cell division → cell growth
Morning glory opens in the morning and closes at night. What are the characteristics of living things?
A. Need nutrition B. Breathing C. Response to external stimuli D. Growth and reproduction
5. In the following projects, the steps that do not need to be temporarily loaded are:
A.b. Tearing or picking biological materials
C, cover the glass slide after placing the materials; D, placing the biomaterial in the center of the slide.
6. As shown on the right, the absorption of carbon dioxide has changed under the displacement light of green plants in the dark environment. According to the diagram, judge that the following statements are correct:
A. the AB part of the curve indicates that the green plants are not carrying out photosynthesis.
B. The BD part of the curve indicates that green plants only carry out photosynthesis.
C at point b, it shows that the photosynthesis and respiration rates of green plants are equal.
D The whole curve shows that photosynthesis increases with the increase of light intensity, and respiration stops.
7. The biology extracurricular group of a school conducted a high-yield experiment on Chinese cabbage, each weighing about 4Kg. What is the main source of increasing Chinese cabbage production?
A.b. Organic matter in soil
C. carbon dioxide in the air and inorganic salts in the soil D. oxygen in the air and organic matter in the soil
8. At the beginning of 2008, some provinces and regions in the south suffered a rare freezing disaster, which caused a large area of plant death in some areas.
This phenomenon shows that
A. organisms can adapt to the environment. B. the environment will affect the life of organisms.
C. bioenergy affects the environment D. bioenergy growth, development and reproduction.
9. The most accurate explanation for why Shimen red leaves turn red is
A. Anthocyanins in leaves are originally red. B. Anthocyanins in leaves will turn red when they meet alkaline substances.
C. Chlorophyll in leaves turns red when encountering acid substances. D. Anthocyanin in leaves turns red when encountering acid substances.
10, the narrative about Weixian radish is correct.
A. The usually eaten part is the stem of radish B. Weixian radish has a long history and belongs to gymnosperms.
C. Generally, seeds are collected in late autumn and sown in late summer of the following year. D. Generally, seeds are collected in early summer and sown in late summer of that year.
1 1, the following is a classmate's understanding of Darwin's theory of evolution, one of which is wrong.
A. In nature, all biological individuals have the characteristics of heredity and variation.
B. Biological variation is directionless, so is the direction of biological evolution.
Only individuals with favorable variation can survive in the competition for survival.
The existence of variation provides abundant materials for natural selection.
12, in the reflex arc with muscle as effector, if the efferent nerve is damaged and other parts are normal, when the receptor is stimulated, it will have the following performance:
A, feeling loss, but exercise B, feeling loss, no muscle contraction.
C, feeling and movement D, feeling, but the muscles have no contraction reaction.
13, scientists did the following two experiments to prove a point: (1) destroyed the thyroid gland of tadpoles, and found that tadpoles stopped developing and could not develop into frogs; (2) Put thyroid hormone into the water in the feeding trough, and tadpoles that destroy the thyroid will develop into frogs. These two experiments can prove that:
A, thyroid gland can secrete thyroid hormone B, thyroid hormone can promote the development of young animals.
C. growth hormone can promote the growth of tadpoles d, a and b.
14. Among the four tissues A, B, C and D, the combination of oxygen and hemoglobin is: 75% in A tissue and 85% in B tissue; C is 60%; D is 40%, and the tissues with the most vigorous metabolism are: a, a, b, c, c, d.
15, which of the following statements is correct?
① The embryo of maize seed consists of four parts: germ, hypocotyl, radicle and cotyledon.
② Embryo is the main part of seeds and the larva of new plants.
(3) After a corn seed is cut longitudinally, drop iodine solution on the cut surface, and the whole cut surface becomes the same blue.
④ Cotyledons in seeds develop into leaves, embryos into buds, hypocotyls into stems and radicles into roots.
A.①② B.②③ C.③④ D.②④
16, the following statement is true:
A, before the pea blooms, put a paper bag around the pistil to prevent it from receiving foreign pollen, and finally it can produce seeds, because peas can bear fruit without pollination and fertilization.
B. The red (D) of tomato skin is more dominant than the yellow (D). If the pollen of red tomato (D d) is pollinated on the stigma of yellow tomato (d d), the genotype of seeds and the color of pericarp on yellow tomato plants are DD DD yellow respectively.
C, people can also hit mosquitoes or itch when they sleep, which means that people are still the same species when they sleep and when they are awake.
feel
D, cutting a branch with buds from the Yali pear (sweet fruit) and grafting it on the Li Du pear (sour fruit) as the rootstock, so as to make the fruit sweet and sour in half.
17, athletes blush and sweat during strenuous exercise, indicating that the function of skin is
A. protection and excretion B. excretion and regulation of body temperature
C. Secreting and feeling external stimuli D. Protecting and feeling external stimuli
18. On the right, two fields of view of plant cells are observed by temporary loading with a microscope. To change the image in the field of vision from one picture to another, the correct sequence of the following operation steps is:
① Turn the fine focus screw ② Adjust the aperture.
③ Moving component ④ Rotating converter.
A.③→①→②→④ B.④→③→②→①
C.③→①→④→② D.③→④→②→①
19, the following phenomenon does not belong to the information exchange between animals is
A. geese constantly change their flying "phalanx" during flight. B. Various dances of bees
C. The "buzzing" sound made by mosquitoes during flight D. Various complex expressions on baboons' faces
20. There are many kinds of microorganisms. The following statement is incorrect.
A bacteria and fungi have two types of nutrition (heterotrophic): parasitic nutrition and saprophytic nutrition. Both bacteria have flagella and capsule.
C the main difference between yeast and plant cells is that there is no chloroplast d, and not all viruses are harmful to human beings.
2 1, Changle watermelon is famous for its complete variety and excellent quality. In the process of watermelon fruit processing, melon farmers often need a lot.
Water it. At this time, the water absorbed by watermelon is mainly used for
A. photosynthesis B. respiration C. fruit expansion D. transpiration
22, the following phenomena, mainly due to the change of moisture is
A. moths move at night. B. cactus leaves become thorns. C. geese fly south. D. Flag tree growing on the top of the mountain
23, the following production measures, has nothing to do with hormone utility is
A. shaping and pruning fruit trees B. removing some leaves after transplanting seedlings.
C. insulin injection in diabetic patients D. castration of livestock
24, the following examples, belong to sexual reproduction is
① The birth of IVF, the emergence of cloned sheep, the cultivation of virus-free potatoes, the cultivation of insulin-producing engineering bacteria and the propagation of ferns.
A.①③ B. ②④ C. ③④ D.①⑤
25. In the process of cultivating genetically modified organisms, which of the following cells should the transferred genes be transferred to?
A. somatic cells B. germ cells C. embryonic cells D. fertilized eggs
Volume 2 Non-multiple choice questions (***50 points)
2. Non-multiple choice questions (this big question contains 7 small questions, unless otherwise specified, each space is 1 and ***50).
26.(4 points) On a grassland, there are various animals and plants such as grass, insects, herbivorous birds, insect-eating birds and eagles.
Please use what you have learned about ecosystems to analyze and answer the following questions:
(1) Please draw a food web with words and arrows according to the food relationship between these animals and plants.
(2) To form a complete ecosystem, apart from these animals and plants, what other components should there be?
(3) In order to prevent birds from eating grass seeds, someone covered the experimental area of artificial grass planting with a net. As a result, the grass in the experimental area was almost eaten up by insects. Please analyze the reasons.
(4) If a large number of grasses die for some reason, the ecosystem will collapse. Please draw the quantitative change curve of bacteria, fungi and other microorganisms in the short term after pasture death in the picture below.
27.(9 points) The diagram on the right shows blood vessels in different tissues of human body (A, B and C represent different types of blood vessels). Please analyze and answer according to the chart:
(1) Compared with A and C, the structural feature of blood vessel B is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
(2) If venous blood flows in A and arterial blood flows in C, then B is the capillary network at _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _; The physical activity completed at point B is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
(3) If B is the capillary network in the glomerulus, there is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ blood flow in A and C, and the substance in the blood in C is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
(4) If B is a capillary outside the renal tubule, the blood vessels shown in A are _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
(5) If B is the capillary network in the gluteus maximus, then _ _ _ _ _ _ blood flows in C.
(6) If B is the capillary network in the villi of small intestine, then compared with the blood in A, the blood content in C is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ except carbon dioxide.
28.(6 points) Read the following materials and answer the following questions: From the end of March to the middle of April 2009, influenza A virus H 1N 1 (swine flu) broke out in Mexico and the United States. The incubation period of influenza A virus H 1N 1 is generally 1 to about 7 days, and it is generally susceptible, mainly in young adults. Early symptoms are similar to common flu, including fever, cough, sore throat, body pain, headache, chills and fatigue, and some may also have diarrhea or vomiting, muscle pain or fatigue and red eye.
(1) influenza a virus (H 1N 1) has the following structural components: its lifestyle is.
(2) According to the materials and transmission routes, you think influenza A (H 1N 1) is an infectious disease.
(3) Patients and suspected cases of influenza A (H 1N 1) should be given antiviral drugs as soon as possible, and oseltamivir can be tried. Antibiotics can be used in the case of bacterial infection. These measures belong to the three major measures to prevent the epidemic of infectious diseases, and they also belong to immunization.
(4) Please write down two reasonable and effective measures to prevent influenza A1N1.
29.(8 points) Pumpkin is an annual vine. Pumpkin cultivation mainly includes seedling raising, field planting and field management. The characteristics of its flowers are as follows: the male receptacle is short, the stamens are 3, and the anthers are polymerized; The female flower is enlarged, the style is short, and the ovary 1 room; Female and male peanuts are in the same plant. Please answer:
(1) Therefore, the pollination mode of pumpkin belongs to.
(2) The pumpkin fruit is tender and sweet, with excellent flavor. The nutrition in fruit comes from plants.
(3) There are two kinds of energy converters in pumpkin leaf cells.
(4) If the pistil stigma is treated with auxin solution with proper concentration, seedless pumpkin can be obtained, and the number of chromosomes in the cells of this fruit is strip. (It is known that the number of chromosomes in normal somatic cells of pumpkin is 48)
(5) If purebred discoid pumpkins are crossed with spherical pumpkins, the fruits after hybridization are all discoid pumpkins. If the seeds of these discoid pumpkins are planted, what is the genetic composition and character performance of the fruits under natural conditions? Please show the above process with gene map. (r is used for dominant traits and r is used for recessive traits. 4 points)
30.(8 points) Pay attention to health and treat life well. Please answer the questions according to the following information:
According to the survey, the incidence of myopia in China ranks second in the world, especially in recent years, myopia is getting younger and younger, and it is on the rise year by year, which has aroused great concern for students' eye hygiene. The following picture is a schematic diagram of myopia imaging. Please answer according to the picture:
(1) In the process of eyeball imaging, [] _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
② Only when the image falls on [] _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ can we see a clear object. Myopia can be corrected with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ glasses.
(3) If someone's eyeball structure is intact, but he can't see the surrounding objects, it may cause pathological changes.
___________ 。
(4) When the driver stops at a red light, it belongs to _ _ _ _ _ reflex, and the nerve center of the reflex is located in _ _ _ _ _.
3 1.( 10) A certain biological group observed the following kinds of animals in a field trip. Some are good friends of human beings, but it is difficult to distinguish them. Please help them solve their problems according to what you have learned:
(1)A (earthworm) breathes with _ _ _ _ _ _ _, B breathes with _ _ _ _ _ _ _, and E breathes with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
(2) The main difference between A and B, C, D and E is that there is no _ _ _ _ _ _ _ on the back of the body.
(3) From the analysis of the reproductive development characteristics of B, the reason why B can't be separated from the water environment is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
________________________________________。
(4)D's physical characteristics to adapt to his flying life are: streamlined body, _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
Feathers, etc.
(5) The unique reproductive development characteristic of E is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
___________________________________ _。
(6) A rabbit in a white coat gave birth to five rabbits, including three white rabbits and two little black rabbits. I'm sorry
The coat color of rabbits is called _ _ _ _ _ _ _ in genetics. Rabbit's coat color is different, which is a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ phenomenon.
32.(5 points) In order to explore the water pollution caused by waste batteries, a classmate designed the following experimental steps:
A, smash a No.5 battery and soak it in 1000 ml clean water for 2-3 days;
B. Label the four fish tanks with labels A, B, C and D respectively;
C, putting the same amount of clean and pollution-free river water into four fish tanks respectively;
D, respectively putting 50 ml, 100 ml, 200 ml and 400 ml of battery leaching solution into four fish tanks;
E, put five goldfish in each fish tank, feed the same feed regularly, and observe and record the situation. The results are as follows:
Methyl ethyl propyl butyl
Leachate volume added/ml 50 100 200 400
The average days of fish survival are 15 days 12 days, 7 days 1 day.
According to the above design, please answer the following questions:
(1) The hypothesis put forward by this student is: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
(2) In step e of this experiment, the goldfish put into each fish tank must be _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
(3) Does the experiment need to set up a control group? _ _ _ _ _ _ _ How to set it? __________________
_________________________________________________________________________。
(4) Through the experiment, the students' conclusion is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
8th grade Teaching Quality Test
Reference answer to biology test questions
1. Multiple choice questions: (2 points for each small question, ***50 points)
1 ~ 5 CAACA 6 ~ 10 CCBDD 1 1 ~ 15 BDDDA 16 ~ 20 BBDCB
2 1~25 DBBDB
2. Non-multiple choice questions (this big question contains 7 small questions, unless otherwise specified, each space is 1 and ***50).
26.(4 points, each small question 1 point) (1)