Seedling planting
1: Seedling planting time. Grape planting in Daxing area of Beijing is in spring, usually from March to early April. Planting nutrition bag seedlings in early May.
2. Rack and planting density, rose grapes are cultivated with hedges or sheds. The row spacing of hedge cultivation is 2.5m, and the plant spacing is1~1.5m. The row spacing of shed cultivation is 4m. The plant spacing is 0.8 ~1.0m. ..
3. Planting method: The planting ditch can be dug in the north-south direction of row spacing, cultivated by scaffolding, and planted in the east-west direction. The planting ditch is 80 cm wide and 80 cm deep. The ditch is filled with straw, decomposed organic fertilizer and topsoil. Before planting, soak the roots of seedlings in clear water for 10- 12 hours, and cut off the long, thin and damaged roots. Then soak the roots with ABT rooting powder or NAA NAA NAA NAA NAA solution. Then plant according to the row spacing, and the planting depth shall be based on the level of the roots and necks of the seedlings with the ground. When planting, the roots should be evenly distributed. Gently lift the seedlings when half filling, and then fill them carefully.
Do plastic surgery
The fan-shaped shape of single vine or less main vine should be adopted for rose grape fence cultivation, and the dry shape of single main vine should be adopted for small shed cultivation.
Hedge frame single vine shaping: each plant only leaves one main vine. When the plant grows to about 0.8 meters, it will be pulled out to promote the growth of branches. What happened to my warehouse? .6 ~1.8m for the second coring. When shearing in winter, the head is extended by 0.4 ~ 0.5m, and the thickness of the cutting mouth is greater than 8mm. There are 5-7 fruiting mother branches on each plant, and the yield per mu of 667m2*** in full fruit period is controlled at 1500- 1750kg.
Hedge frame double vine shaping: each plant cultivates 2 main vines, and the method is the same as above. When cutting in winter, the cutting thickness is about 8 mm. In the second year, 2-3 fruiting branches are cultivated on each main vine, and 5-6 buds are left on the protruding head. In the third year, 6-8 fruiting branches are cultivated on each plant, and the fruits are in full bloom in the third year. The yield per mu of 667m2*** will be controlled at 1500- 1750kg.
Small shed frame dragon stem plastic surgery: using a single dragon stem plastic surgery; Each plant keeps a main vine as the trunk, and a branch group is cultivated every 20 cm on the trunk to form a dragon claw, which is the main fruiting unit. The * * * yield per 667m2 * * mu should be controlled at around 1750kg.
summer pruning
1: Bud smearing should be carried out in the middle and late April after bud germination, and pre-bud, weak bud, budding, hidden bud and over-dense bud should be erased.
2. Fixed branches: when the new branches grow to 0.3 meters and the inflorescence situation can be clearly distinguished, the over-dense, over-dense and over-slender branches should be removed according to the plant load requirements.
3. Picking, about a week before flowering, the picking intensity is to leave 5-7 leaves above the inflorescence for picking, and the picking intensity of heavier flowers and fruits can be appropriately increased, leaving only 3-4 leaves for picking.
4. Remove the secondary bud and the secondary bud will be treated. All the secondary branches of the ear were removed, and the 1-2 leaves above the ear were reserved for coring. Keep only the top 1-2 secondary branches for repeated coring, and remove the rest. All the attached branches on the vegetative branches have two leaves for coring. Keep only the top 1-2 quadratic quadratic sharp, remove the core repeatedly, and remove the rest.
5. Sparse inflorescences and pinch spikes: before flowering and after inflorescence spreading, pinch off the top of inflorescence 1/5- 1/4, and at the same time remove secondary spikes, and appropriately remove some inflorescences that are too dense and too small to make inflorescences neat and compact.
Winter pruning
Rose-scented grapes are pruned with mixed short and medium branches. Generally, 4-6 buds are cut off from the extended branches, 3-4 buds are cut off from the fruiting branches, 2-3 buds are left in the prepared branches, and 3500-3800 fruiting branches are left per mu. Update and prune perennial branches and vines in time.
Fertilize soil or land
Pollution-free vineyards mainly use organic fertilizer, with little or no chemical fertilizer, and ammonium nitrate and potassium chloride are strictly prohibited. Nitrogen fertilizer was mainly used in the early growth stage, boron fertilizer was sprayed in the flowering stage, and phosphorus, potassium, calcium fertilizer and multi-element compound fertilizer were added in the middle and late stage. * * * See Appendix * * for common topdressing outside grape roots. In order to prevent the occurrence of ear tank disease, the yield and application amount of nitrogen fertilizer should be properly controlled, and the application amount of phosphorus, potassium fertilizer and trace fertilizer should be increased.
base fertilizer
Immediately after harvesting the fruits in autumn, dig a fertilizing ditch with a depth of 0.3-0.4m at a distance of 0.5m from the planting line, and bury the decomposed organic fertilizer with a fertilizing amount of 3000-4000kg per mu, and add calcium superphosphate 100kg and potassium sulfate 50kg.
Superficial application
1: The fertilizer for accelerating germination should be applied in the first half of April before germination. Apply fully decomposed organic fertilizer, or apply urea15-20kg and diammonium phosphate 30-40kg per 667m2 * * mu. If the base fertilizer is sufficient, this fertilization can be omitted.
2. Flower-promoting fertilizer, about 10 day before flowering, and apply 15-20kg urea or 20-30kg diammonium phosphate every 667m2 * * mu.
3. Fruit-promoting fertilizer: apply fully decomposed organic fertilizer or 15 kg urea and 30-40 kg diammonium phosphate during the expansion period of grape berries.
4. Fertilization: Top dressing the leaves before and after coloring the grape berries, spraying 0.2-0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution outside the roots every 7 days or 3-4 times, or spraying a variety of compound fertilizers containing phosphorus, potassium and calcium. Spraying 0.5% calcium amino acid or calcium acetate for storage is beneficial to fresh storage.
Irrigation and drainage
Irrigation: combined use of accelerating germination fertilizer, strip fertilization and fruit fertilization, fertilization after fruit harvesting, irrigation once each, and sufficient winter irrigation before soil freezing. Irrigation should be strictly controlled during the flowering period and one month before the fruit ripens to ensure flowering and fruit setting.
Drainage: The underground water level of the vineyard is controlled below 0.8m at ordinary times, and drainage should be paid attention to in rainy season to keep the underground water level below 0.6m.. ..
Fruit harvesting
After the fruit is fully ripe, the suitable harvesting time should be determined according to the different uses of grapes, such as fresh food, storage and wine making. Generally, grape fruits are fully ripe from early September to early 10.
Efficacy and function of muscat grape
The sugar content of muscat grape is as high as 10% ~ 30%, mainly glucose. A large amount of fruit acid in rose-scented grapes helps digestion. Eating more roses-scented grapes can strengthen the spleen and stomach. Rose grape contains calcium, potassium, phosphorus, iron, glucose, fructose, protein, tartaric acid, vitamin B 1, B2, B6, C, P and other minerals. It also contains a variety of amino acids needed by the human body. Eating rose grapes often is of great benefit to neurasthenia and fatigue. In addition, it also contains a variety of substances with physiological functions.
In fact, the rose-scented grapes are delicious and have high nutritional value. In addition to helping people to improve their sleep, it also has many functions such as tonifying deficiency and strengthening stomach, which is welcomed by many people. People who are weak and malnourished should eat more grapes or raisins, which will help to restore their health, because roses-scented grapes contain many nutrients such as protein, amino acids, lecithin, vitamins and minerals, especially sugar, mainly glucose, which is easily absorbed by the human body.
Rose grape is a food for warming and nourishing yang qi, which not only has the function of nourishing liver, but also can restore qi and blood, thus achieving the effect of beauty.
Rose-scented grapes are sweet and sour, and have the effects of nourishing yin and enriching blood, strengthening bones and muscles, and diuresis. They are very nutritious fruits. It is suitable for pregnancy anemia, cough due to lung deficiency, palpitation and night sweats, rheumatic joint pain, edema, etc. Cleaning fresh rose grapes and ginger, mashing them respectively, and juicing with clean gauze for later use; Soak a cup of strong tea in boiling water, add 50 ml of grape juice and 50 ml of ginger juice, and take it with honey while it is hot, which can treat bacillary dysentery. Rose-scented grapes are also quite effective in treating acute urinary tract infections. The method is: take 300 ml of grape juice, 300 ml of lotus root juice and 250 ml of honey, take them after boiling, and take them every day before meals 120 ml.