Passion fruit, also known as egg fruit and passion fruit, is a tropical and subtropical perennial evergreen vine of Passiflora. Its fruit is an oval berry, weighing 60- 120 kg, and its juice is orange, fragrant and beautiful. It has the rich fragrance and special flavor of more than ten kinds of fruits such as pomegranate, pineapple, grass poison, lemon, mango and sour plum, so it is named passion fruit. Passion fruit planting and processing industry is in the ascendant and has great development potential. When planted in that year, the fruit yield per plant was about 55 kg, the yield per mu was about 10 million yuan, and the continuous income was10 year. Therefore, planting passion fruit is a way to get rich with less investment and quick results. The planting techniques are introduced as follows.

(1) Environmental requirements

① Temperature The most suitable growth temperature of passion fruit is 20-30 degrees Celsius, and it generally grows well at a temperature not lower than O degrees Celsius. When it reaches -2 degrees Celsius, plants will be seriously injured and even die. The area with annual average temperature 18℃ is the most suitable for planting, and the area with snow and frost for more than 2 days should be planted. According to the experiment of Hawaii Passion Fruit Base of Jinhua Huayuan Economic Forest Research Institute, common varieties in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River must be protected against cold in greenhouse in mid-June165438+1October to ensure the yield in the next year.

② Water is not strict with rainfall. Generally, the annual rainfall is 65,438+0,500-000 mm, with the best growth. The annual rainfall in commercial development planting areas should not be less than 65,438+0,000mm. ..

③ Illuminated passion fruit, as a tropical and subtropical fruit, likes plenty of sunshine to promote the growth and nutrient accumulation of branches and vines. Long sunshine conditions are conducive to the flowering of passion fruit. In the area with annual sunshine hours of 2300 ~ 2800 hours, passion fruit grows well, accumulates more nutrients, and branches and vines grow fast, bearing early fruits and high yield.

④ Passion fruit in soil has strong adaptability and low requirements for soil. However, the soil layer produced in a large area is at least 0.5 meters above, the soil is fertile and loose, the drainage is good, and the suitable pH value of the soil is 5. 5 -6.5.

(2) Variety selection

Passion fruit belongs to dioecious flower. There are purple passion fruit, yellow passion fruit and hybrid varieties, but the fruit setting rate of natural pollination is about 10%-29.6%, which needs artificial pollination. Hawaiian purple passion fruit introduced by Jinhua Huayuan Economic Forest Research Institute from Southwest Forestry College has a fruit setting rate of 60% by natural pollination and high sugar content (14. 4%-2 1.9%) and vitamin c content (49 mg/ 100 g pulp), with strong aroma and high yield. Planting in the same year and harvesting in the same year, the yield per mu is more than 2000 kg.

(3) Orchard construction

(1) Land Selection and Reclamation Passion Fruit Planting and Development Park should be selected in an area with convenient transportation, sunny leeward and thick soil layer, which can be gentle slope, terrace or flat land, requiring deep soil layer, rich soil layer and good drainage and irrigation conditions. Sandy loam with deep soil layer and rich and loose soil layer is more suitable; Clay, compact sandy soil, cold sandy soil and places easy to be scoured are not suitable for planting or improved planting, and can be planted in whole or holes.

In concentrated orchards, sloping fields have become terraced fields. The width of the box surface is greater than 1. 1 m, inclined inward. A small ridge with a height of 20 cm and a width of 30 cm will be built at the outer edge of the planting belt, and the orchard drainage and irrigation and road system will be planned at the same time.

(2) There are two main propagation modes of passion fruit. One is direct sowing. The other is cutting propagation with rattan. Plant 70-80 main vines per mu, gradually divide the main vines into lateral vines, and climb on the scaffolding to bear fruit. Passion fruit yield per mu is 1- 1.5 tons, with a high yield of more than 2 tons.

(3) Erected passion fruit is a vine, which can grow normally only with the support of scaffolding. There are flat-topped frames, vertical railings, herringbone railings and door railings. Generally, the shed height should be1.8-2m, and the scaffold materials can be cement columns, stone columns, wooden columns, bamboo poles, wooden poles and iron wires.

(4) Digging holes and planting holes, with the row spacing of 4m× 5m, and planting 25 plants per mu. The depth of the cave is 60 cm x 60 cm x 60 cm. 25 kilograms of farmyard manure and 0. Apply 5 kg phosphate fertilizer as base fertilizer to each hole.

Passion fruit can be planted all year round, but it is most suitable in spring and autumn, and it should be cloudy or sunny after rain. When planting seedlings, the old leaves should be cut off properly, and the nutrition bags should be broken out of the ground and not buried in the soil. When planting seedlings, mix well with a proper amount of decomposed organic fertilizer and sandy loam to make planting soil or covering soil. When planting, straighten out the root system, fill the soil in layers and compact it. Water the roots in time after planting. In the newly dug planting hole, when planting, the root neck of the seedling is slightly higher than the ground 8- 10 cm. After planting, sort out the tree tray and cover it with grass or film to keep warm and moist.

(4) Orchard management

① Fertilize the newly planted passion fruit, mainly using nitrogen fertilizer in the early stage to promote plant growth. Rooting began on 10- 15 days after planting, 0. 5% diluted urea or human excrement can be used, and then every 20 days 1 time, 5 kg of human excrement or 0. Apply 1 kg compound fertilizer to each plant. 20-30 kg of farmyard manure, 0.6-0.7 kg of urea, 0 .6 -0 .9 kg of phosphate fertilizer and 0.2-/0.3 kg of potash fertilizer1. Farmhouse manure and phosphate fertilizer were applied in furrows before and after the spring, urea and potassium fertilizer were applied 1 time every month during the flowering and fruiting period, and the mixed fertilizer was 0.3-0.4 kg per plant.

② Irrigated passion fruit is a shallow-rooted plant, which likes to be moist, avoid water accumulation and be afraid of drought. Therefore, first of all, we should open the drainage ditch to prevent water accumulation in the orchard; At the same time, spread weeds to keep water, 15 days when it doesn't rain 1 time.

(3) Soil management After clearing the garden in winter, it is necessary to turn over the whole garden, bury the weeds and fallen leaves in the garden at the same time, and then sprinkle 25-30 kilograms of lime per mu.

(5) Fruit tree shaping

(1) After the seedlings on the plastic frame are restored to growth, the buds should be smeared 1 time every five days to promote the main vines to grow fast and stout. When the main vine grows to 40-50 cm, it is necessary to insert columns in time to guide the main vine to the shelves. After the main vine is put on the rack, it should always lead the side vines to grow spirally on the wire rack. When the lateral vines are full, they should be cut off. One branch on each side of the lateral vine is conducive to early fruiting and full branches.

(2) Young trees are formed by a main vine with two layers and four branches. When the main vine grows to 70-80 cm, leave two lateral vine branches and drag them on the shelf respectively to make 1 layer main vine. When the plant grows to 150- 160 cm, 1 strong lateral branches are left, which are used as two-layer main branches together with the main spreading branches and pulled in opposite directions respectively to form a double-layer four-branch rattan shape. During this period, all the lateral branches and budding branches below 80 cm and between 80- 160 cm of the main vine should be cut or erased.

(3) The branches sprouting after fruit picking in the last year of the old tree are almost all sprouting from the nodes above the middle, and as many bearing mother branches as possible should be left in the last year. However, in order to prevent the shed surface from being too dense, it should be pruned as soon as possible after the fruit is picked. Keep vines according to the two main branches, the branches near the main branches are covered with fruits first, and the fruits are pruned to 2-3 nodes immediately after they are ripe, so that the buds sprouting at the base of the main branches can form new fruiting branches. After harvesting the last batch of fruits in winter, all the fruiting branches are pruned from the base.

(6) Pest control

Passion fruit has strong resistance to pests and diseases, and occasionally plants are infected with pests and diseases.

(1) The main diseases and their control include seedling blight, mosaic disease, Fusarium wilt and stem rot. There are two ways to prevent it. One is to choose pure land to raise seedlings, keep the field moist, especially to prevent the soil from being too wet, stay away from bananas, melons and solanaceous vegetables, and remove the burned diseased branches and leaves in time; Second, drug control, with 0. 5% Bordeaux solution or ethyl phosphate, Ramu, Kangkuling 1000 times solution, 75% chlorothalonil 800 times solution and 50% carbendazim warm powder 1000 times solution were compared.

② The main pests and their control include fruit flies, mites and scale insects. Choose 90% trichlorfon 800 times, Nongtianle 1000 times, Lesiben 800 times, and the mite death 2000 times.

(7) timely harvest

Passion fruit planted in spring can bloom in July of that year and be harvested in September. After the second year, it will bloom in April every year, and 5-6 batches can be opened in 1 year. The interval between each batch of flowers is 20 days, and it takes 60-70 days from flowering to fruit maturity, and the fruit harvest period is more than 4 months.

-Generally, it is harvested before fruit drop 10 day, that is, when the fruit turns purple (purple seed) or yellow (yellow seed), red (red seed) and slightly fragrant, but fresh fruit drop can also be picked underground.