First, the experimental purpose

Learn bladder intubation techniques and how to record and measure urine volume. To observe the effects of neurohumoral factors (saline, glucose, norepinephrine, furosemide, pituitrin) on micturition and analyze its mechanism.

Second, key words

Urine volume: urine volume; Influencing factors.

Third, the experimental materials

Rabbits; Ethyl carbamate, physiological saline 20ml, 20% glucose 5ml, 0.0 1% norepinephrine 0.3ml, furosemide 1.5ml, pituitrin 0.33ml surgical scissors, tweezers, hemostatic forceps, glass minute hand, rabbit operating table, bladder cannula, syringe and needle, microcomputer biological signal acquisition and processing system, etc.

Urine formation

Metabolic waste of human body is transported from blood to kidneys. When blood flows through glomerulus (nephron is the basic unit of kidney), nephron is divided into glomerulus, renal capsule and renal tubule. Glomerulus and renal capsule are also called renal corpuscles. In addition to blood cells and macromolecular protein (a component in blood), some substances in plasma, such as water, inorganic salts, glucose and urea, enter the renal capsule cavity from the glomerulus and form protourine.

When the original urine flows through the renal tubule, substances useful to human body, such as most water, all glucose and some inorganic salts, are reabsorbed into the capillaries by the renal tubule, and the remaining substances flow out of the renal tubule to form urine, and finally flow to the renal pelvis, from the renal pelvis to the ureter, into the bladder, and are temporarily stored in the bladder (the urinary system is divided into kidney, ureter, bladder and urethra). When the urine in the bladder reaches a certain amount, it will produce urine, which is in the nervous system.