Today, let's take a look at the performance of patients with hyperlipidemia.
Symptoms caused by hyperlipidemia are mainly manifested in two main aspects.
1. Xanthodermoma is caused by lipid deposition in dermis;
2. Atherosclerosis is caused by lipid deposition in vascular endothelium, which leads to coronary heart disease and peripheral vascular diseases.
The incidence of xanthoma is not very high due to hyperlipidemia. Therefore, most patients with hyperlipidemia have no symptoms or abnormal signs. Patients with hyperlipidemia are usually found in blood tests (measuring cholesterol and triglycerides in blood).
What is the relationship between xanthoma around eyes and hyperlipidemia? What are the six kinds of xanthoma?
Six common xanthoma in patients with hyperlipidemia
Xanthoma is an abnormal local swelling of the skin. Its color can be yellow, orange or brownish red. Mainly in the form of nodules, patches or papules. The texture is usually soft, mainly due to the accumulation of phagocytic lipids in the dermis. Caused by macrophages (foam cells), also known as xanthoma cells. According to the shape and location of xanthoma, it can usually be divided into the following six types.
What happened to the xanthoma around the eye? What does it have to do with hyperlipidemia? What are the six kinds of xanthoma?
1. Tenon xanthoma: It is a special type of nodular xanthoma, which occurs in tendons. Common in Achilles tendon, extensor tendon of hand or foot, rectus femoris of knee and deltoid tendon of shoulder. It is a round or oval subcutaneous nodule, which is attached to the upper skin and has a clear boundary. This xanthoma is usually a typical manifestation of familial hypercholesterolemia.
2. Palmar wrinkle xanthoma: It is a linear flat xanthoma, which occurs in the palm. It is slightly raised in orange and distributed in the fold between the palm and fingers. This type of xanthoma has certain value in the diagnosis of familial β -lipoprotein abnormality.
3. Nodular xanthoma: It develops slowly and usually occurs on the extended side of the body, such as elbows, knees, knuckles, buttocks, ankles and buttocks. It is a round nodule with different sizes and clear boundaries. The texture is soft in the early stage and hardened in the later stage due to the destruction of fibrosis. This type of xanthoma is mainly seen in familial β -lipoprotein abnormality or familial hypercholesterolemia.
4. Nodular fulminant xanthoma: It usually occurs in elbows, extendable limbs and buttocks. Skin diseases often appear in batches in a short time. They are nodular and tend to merge. Explosive xanthoma often surrounds nodules. Xanthoma. The skin of the tumor is orange, usually accompanied by an inflammatory base. Hemangiomas are mainly found in familial β -lipoprotein abnormalities. 5. fulminant xanthoma: a needle-like or head-sized papule, orange or brown, with an inflammatory base. Sometimes the oral mucosa is also affected. Mainly seen in hypertriglyceridemia.
6. Flattened xanthoma: seen in eyelid area, also known as xanthoma of eyelid. This is a common xanthoma. It is characterized by flat papules or flaky tumors, orange-yellow slightly higher than the skin around eyelids, clear boundaries and soft texture. Generally, it can spread to face, neck, trunk and limbs. It is a pale yellow or brownish yellow flat papule, with a size of several millimeters to several centimeters, a clear boundary and a smooth surface. This type of xanthoma is common in hyperlipidemia, but also in people with normal blood lipids.
Other manifestations of hyperlipidemia:
Hyperlipidemia can also show two signs, namely, changes in corneal arch and lipid base.
Corneal arch is also called senile ring. If it appears in people under 40, most people suffer from hyperlipidemia. Familial hypercholesterolemia is common, but its specificity is not very strong.
The change of lipid base is caused by light scattering caused by a large number of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins deposited on the fundus arterioles. It is usually severe hypertriglyceridemia, accompanied by the characteristic manifestations of chylomicronemia.
In addition, severe hypercholesterolemia, especially homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia, can cause wandering polyarthritis, but this situation is relatively rare, and arthritis is mostly self-limited. Obviously hypertriglyceridemia can also cause acute pancreatitis, which should be paid attention to.
What should hyperlipidemia patients do if they get xanthoma?
Different forms of xanthoma can be seen in different types of hyperlipidemia, and different forms of xanthoma can exist in the same type of hyperlipidemia. If you find yourself suffering from xanthoma, you should go to the hospital for examination and consult a doctor. If it is diagnosed as xanthoma caused by hyperlipidemia, it is necessary to reduce blood lipid. The treatment of hyperlipidemia includes lifestyle intervention and drug treatment.
Lifestyle intervention mainly includes diet and exercise. Specific measures include reducing saturated fat and trans fatty acids and reducing total energy.
Adjust diet and control saturated fat and meat food.
When cooking, it is best to use steaming, boiling and stewing methods to reduce the amount of cooking oil and eat more fruits and vegetables.
Eat a small amount, avoid excessive satisfaction, avoid smoking and strong tea.
Proper exercise. Do aerobic exercise for more than 30 minutes every day. Endurance exercise can make beneficial changes in blood lipids. After exercise, athletes' total cholesterol level, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level decreased.
medical treatment
Under the guidance of a doctor, use lipid-lowering drugs to reduce blood lipid. For more health knowledge, click: What are lipid-lowering drugs? How to choose different lipid-lowering drugs? What are the side effects? Xanthomatosis caused by hyperlipidemia can be gradually resolved after lipid-lowering treatment.