In the work of male infertility clinic or urology clinic, doctors can often see a few patients with various congenital malformations that can lead to male infertility. Although some of these congenital malformations are difficult to correct, some patients can be surgically corrected as early as childhood if they can be found in time. However, due to people's lack of knowledge in this field and the particularity of reproductive system, people are often ashamed to mention or dare not go to the hospital for examination. As a result, some patients miss the opportunity of treatment and can only regret it for life. At present, premarital examination is not common in China. If not carefully examined, it will also affect the stability of marriage and family. Therefore, parents are advised not to neglect the careful observation of boys' growth and development. Once the problem is found, take the child to the hospital for examination as soon as possible. Generally speaking, some congenital malformations only affect fertility, such as simple absence of vas deferens; Some also affect sexual function. Some malformations don't look serious, such as phimosis, but improper handling can also have serious consequences. Generally speaking, the treatment of various congenital malformations of reproductive organs should be fine rather than coarse, sooner rather than later, and must not be taken lightly. 1. Abnormal number of testicular abnormalities: (1) No testicular diseases. Rare, probably due to some reasons during embryonic development, testicular differentiation is not complete, so testicular atrophy degenerates. But because there are still some interstitial cells, patients can have male genitalia and appearance. Attention should be paid to the differentiation from bilateral cryptorchidism. The disease is characterized by the increase of luteinizing hormone (LH) in blood, but the plasma testosterone level does not increase after the administration of chorionic gonadotropin. Androgen should be given regularly after puberty. Otherwise, there will be eunuch-like syndrome, and testicular transplantation can be carried out, using brother or allogeneic testicular transplantation. This disease is often accompanied by absence of vas deferens and epididymis. (2) single testis. Most of them do not need special treatment, and the purpose of surgical examination is to find out the possible cryptorchidism in abdominal cavity to prevent cancer. (3) Multiple testicles. Refers to the appearance of three or more testicles. Abnormal size: (1) Testicles smaller than normal due to hypoplasia are mostly non-isolated symptoms. (2) Testicular enlargement due to proliferation, such as testicular teratoma. (3) Congenital atrophy. Abnormal position: (1) testicular fusion. Refers to the integration of bilateral testicles in the abdominal cavity or scrotum, which is easily mistaken for cryptorchidism or monogamy. Most of them are complicated with renal malformation. (2) cryptorchidism (3) ectopic testis. (4) Abnormal attachment of testis and epididymis can cause sperm passage obstacle and lead to infertility. If the two are not connected well, it is easy to have testicular torsion and even tissue necrosis due to insufficient blood supply. Second, vasectomy malformation can be divided into congenital absence, communication with ureter and repeated vasectomy. If there are no other malformations, just a simple absence of vas deferens, the patient's sexual desire and sexual function are normal, and the only symptom is infertility. The clinical manifestation is azoospermia, but the serum hormone level is normal, which can be confirmed by testicular biopsy. If possible, surgical treatment is feasible, and the vas deferens stump is anastomosed with epididymis. Third, penis abnormalities can be divided into abnormal size and abnormal position. Most of them appear at the same time as other malformations. Fourth, the scrotum is abnormal (1) and the penis is completely missing. Most of them are complicated with urethral malformation, and the treatment is quite difficult. In the past, penile plasty was not effective. It is best to remove testicles, do urethroplasty, and use estrogen to maintain female sexual characteristics after puberty. (2) latent penis. Because of its short development time, it is covered by the fat of perineum, scrotum and pubic bone. With the decrease of fat during development, the penis is exposed. You can also "liberate" the penis through plastic surgery and return to normal. (3) Congenital penis torsion. When the penis twists, the direction of the urethral orifice will change. A few people may have symptoms such as dull pain during erection. This disease is also prone to erectile dysfunction. (4) double penis. Can be arranged in parallel or in front and back. (5) The penis is too big or too small. Rare. If it is too big, it can be shortened by plastic surgery. The etiology of oversize is complex and needs to be properly handled according to the etiology. (6) phimosis. It can account for more than 25% of boys, but the adult phimosis is obviously less than that of teenagers. It can be divided into physiological phimosis, pseudophimosis (too long prepuce), true phimosis and incarcerated phimosis. If the foreskin adheres to the glans, or the foreskin has blood vessels flowing sideways, or the phimosis is serious and never turned out for cleaning, it may limit the development of the glans, and even appear a hard lump composed of scales, sediments and bacteria in the urine. (7) hypospadias. The latter is more common than the former and will affect erectile function. 5. Congenital malformation of prostate and seminal vesicle (1) Prostate hypoplasia mostly coexists with other sexual organ hypoplasia. Prostate cyst can be complicated with dysuria. (2) Absence of seminal vesicle and infertility can be preliminarily judged by extremely low fructose level and low semen volume, and diagnosis can be made according to seminal vesicle radiography. Related reading: details of female external reproductive organs (photos) details of female external reproductive organs (photos) details of female external reproductive organs (photos) details of female internal reproductive organs (photos) details of female internal reproductive organs (photos) detailed development process of female reproductive organs (photos) illustrations of male reproductive organs (photos) illustrations of male reproductive organs (photos)