Planting method of soft jujube
Deciduous trees, up to 30 meters, DBH is 65438 0 meters; The bark of young trees is smooth and light gray, but it is deep longitudinally when it is old; Branchlets gray to dark brown, with gray-yellow lenticels; Buds stipitate, densely covered with rusty brown peltate glands. Most of the leaves are even or odd pinnate compound leaves, 8- 16 cm long (as thin as 25 cm), and the petiole is 2-5 cm long. Leaf rachis winged and undeveloped, covered with sparse or dense short hairs like petioles. Leaflets 10- 16 (sparse 6-25), petiole-free, opposite or sparsely subopposite, oblong to oblong-lanceolate, about 8-1 2cm long and 2-3cm wide, with the tip often blunt or sparse and sharp, the base askew, and the top/kloc-0. There are very short stellate hairs along the midvein and lateral veins, and there are scattered hairs below when they are young. After growing up, it falls off, leaving only very sparse glands and 1 cluster of stellate hairs in the axils of lateral veins.
The male inflorescence is about 6- 10 cm long, which is born alone in the axils of leaf scars on last year's branches, and the inflorescence axis often has sparse stellate hairs. Male flowers usually have 1 (sparse 2 or 3) developed perianth segments and 5- 12 stamens. The female inflorescence is terminal, about10-15cm long. Inflorescence rachis densely covered with stellate hairs and simple hairs, the lower part of which is 3 cm long and has two sterile bracts up to 5 mm long. Female flowers are almost sessile, and there are often tiny stellate hairs at the base of bracts and bracteoles, which are densely covered with glands. Infructescence is 20-45 cm long, and the axis is often covered with persistent hairs.
The fruit is oval, about 6-7 mm long, with persistent stellate hairs at the base; Fruit wings are narrow, strip-shaped or wide, long 12-20 mm, wide 3-6 mm, and veins are nearly parallel. The flowering period is April-May, and the fruit maturity is August-September.
Growth habit
Light-loving, adaptable, cold-resistant, cultivated in southern Liaoning, low-humidity tolerant; Deep roots, developed lateral roots, fast growth and strong tillering ability. Weak resistance to harmful gases such as sulfur dioxide and chlorine. After injury, the leaves quickly change from green to reddish brown and then to purple brown, which is easy to fall off. People who are seriously injured by sulfur dioxide will lose all their leaves within a few hours. Pterocarya stenoptera grew slowly in the early stage and accelerated in the later stage. Born in streams, beaches and forests on wet slopes below1500m above sea level. Born in the bushes of mountains, slopes and valleys at an altitude of about 500-2300 meters, or on the edge of forests.
Ziziphus jujuba is a positive tree species, which has the characteristics of semi-shade tolerance, horizontal extension of branches and leaves, strong cold and drought resistance, poor soil resistance, rapid growth and long life.
Planting method
Pterocarya stenoptera grows slowly at a young age, and sufficient fertilizer can accelerate the plant growth. Generally speaking, dry chicken manure or fermented cow dung can be used as base fertilizer when planting, and the base fertilizer needs to be fully mixed with planting soil. In June and July of the planting year, ternary compound fertilizer can be applied once, which can promote the growth of branches and leaves of plants and expand the nutritional area. In late autumn, combined with frozen water, semi-decomposed cow dung can be applied once. This fertilizer can be applied lightly or directly on the tree tray. After germination in the following spring, topdressing urea once, topdressing phosphorus and potassium fertilizer once in early summer, and applying organic fertilizer in late autumn according to the method of the first year; Starting from the third year, farmyard manure only needs to be applied once a year at the end of autumn, but the dosage is greater than the previous two years. Fertilizing in this way helps to promote the growth of plants.
Commonly used sowing and breeding. After the seeds are collected, they can be sown in the same year; You can also take off your wings and dry them, bag them for storage or mix them with sand, and sow them in the next spring.
Eliminate pests and diseases
The main diseases are powdery mildew and witches' broom, and the pests are black-eyed beetle, mulberry weevil, Pterocarya stenoptera and willow white scale.
The value of soft jujube
Widely planted as garden trees or street trees. Bark and branch bark contain tannin, which can be extracted from tannin extract and used as fiber raw materials; Fruit can be used as feed and wine, and seeds can also be pressed for oil. It can be used as rootstock for grafting walnut.
Mature fruit can be eaten or made into persimmon, which can quench thirst and relieve summer heat when used as medicine; It can also be used to make sugar, wine and vinegar; Fruits and young leaves can be used to extract vitamin C; Immature fruit can be extracted into persimmon paint for medicine and coating. Wood is hard and wear-resistant, and can be used to weave wooden shuttles, carvings, gadgets, etc. Light brown in color and beautiful in texture, it can be used as exquisite furniture and stationery. Bark can be used to extract tannic acid and make artificial cotton. This kind of seedling is often used as persimmon rootstock, but angular leaf spot is very harmful, with many diseased stems, and it is easy to infect persimmon trees, so attention should be paid to prevention and control.
Garden value
The trunk is straight, the crown is round, and the adaptability is strong, so it can be used for landscaping.
use value
Excellent material, which can be used as general material; Junqianzi tree can be used as sweet rootstock of persimmon.
Edible
Fruit contains vitamin C, and black dates are rich in vitamins and minerals, such as vitamin A to protect the eyes, vitamin B group to help the body's metabolism, and minerals to promote growth-calcium, iron, magnesium, potassium, etc. Black dates are rich in these nutrients! In addition, in fact, the biggest nutritional value of black dates is that they are rich in dietary fiber and pectin, which can help the baby's digestion and soft stools.
Cultivation techniques of Actinidia arguta
Cutting seedling: in early June, select new shoots with good growth and cut off parts with sufficient tissue for cutting.
Each node is about 1.5 ~ 6cm long, leaving 2 ~ 3 buds. Remove the lower part or half of the leaves of cuttings, generally cover the greenhouse and seedbed with plastic film or field, and insert them in the seedbed with fine sand as the substrate. The cutting depth is 5 ~ 6 cm, and the plant spacing is 5 ~ 5~5cm. The cuttings are kept moist, shaded for the first 5 days under field conditions, and can survive and take root after 1 month.
Grafting and seedling raising: branch grafting or bud grafting can be carried out in July and August. Selecting the branches of excellent plants as scions and the seedlings of wild Zizyphus jujuba as rootstocks can grow new seedlings that year.
Korean Actinidia arguta mainly adopts split grafting or green branch grafting before or after bleeding point. Hedgehog and shed are mainly used for cultivation, but considering that hedge cultivation is easy to manage, the row spacing and plant spacing are 2 ~ 3 mxl ~ 2 m, which likes rocky soil growth, water but not waterlogging. Pruning advocates heavy pruning, pruning three times a year: first, pruning in winter, second, pruning long branches, and third, pruning medium and long branches after flowering and fruiting, so that the fruiting branches are lightly pruned, mainly thinning. Garden construction and planting: select semi-sunny slopes with loose soil, good drainage, high humus content and slightly acidic or neutral soil.
When building a garden on a hillside with a semi-shady slope, avoid choosing clay land. Before planting, it is necessary to prepare soil with a depth of 25-30cm, apply sufficient base fertilizer, and plant the plants in the south of the east-west hedge frame with a spacing of 2.5? 1.5m. When planting, dig a planting pit with a width of 30cm and a depth of 35cm, and then return a small amount of soil to the field. Steamed bread? Forming: placing the seedlings in into the pit, stretching the roots, returning the soil to half the height of the seedlings, gently and stably, and covering the soil after being flooded twice. Because kiwifruit is mostly male and female, attention should be paid to the configuration of pollination trees when planting. The ratio of male and female plants is 8∶ 1, which can be planted in spring and autumn.
Pruning: The branches and buds of Actinidia arguta grow vigorously, and pruning is very important to maintain its yield, longevity and individual cold resistance. Hedge frame and shed frame are mainly used for shaping, planting 1 ~ 2 years to cultivate 3 main vines, and cultivating fruiting branches in the third year. Through pruning, the fruiting mother branches and their fruiting branches on the lateral vines are evenly distributed. After 3 ~ 4 years, the vines can be covered with trees, and pruning can be carried out in summer and late autumn.
Irrigation and fertilization: Actinidia arguta likes warm and humid environment. If it is dry, it will stop growing. Pay attention to irrigation all year round. The soil can neither be dry nor accumulate water, so it can be irrigated in combination with fertilization. Irrigation with antifreeze water before winter and spring irrigation after thawing to meet the needs of its growth and fruiting. Fertilization should be carried out frequently, in small quantities and shallowly. Base fertilizer can be applied in furrow in spring and autumn, and it can be applied twice a year/kloc-0. Top dressing 1 time, when young trees germinate and new shoots begin to grow, topdressing is effective nitrogen fertilizer urea; The second time in late July, topdressing phosphorus and potassium fertilizer (the mixture of diammonium and 40% potassium sulfate is 2∶ 1), or topdressing human feces, promotes the branches and vines to be fully mature and full of bud eyes, which is beneficial to fruit development.