Osteoma is also one of the common benign tumors of paranasal sinuses. Frontal sinus is the most common tumor, followed by ethmoid sinus, maxillary sinus and sphenoid sinus. Osteoma of sinus is more common in young people, and the incidence of male is slightly higher than that of female. There are many unconscious symptoms in the early stage, which are often discovered by accident during X-ray examination. Osteoma usually occurs in the bone wall of sinus, and grows slowly. After adulthood, it often stops developing by itself with the complete development of bone.

Osteoma can be asymptomatic when it is small, but it will cause various symptoms because of its different development direction when it grows up gradually. When the frontal sinus osteoma increases, blocking the opening of the nasofrontal canal and obstructing the ventilation and drainage of the frontal sinus, it can cause frontal sinus neuralgia, hypersensitivity, and even frontal sinus mucocele and forehead swelling and deformation. Osteoma develops in the direction of orbit, which can cause eyeball to shift outward and downward, resulting in diplopia and visual damage; When it develops into the brain, it can compress the brain tissue, causing headache, nausea and vomiting, or manifested as intracranial infection and cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea; Frontal sinusitis can be caused by infection.

When the ethmoidal sinus osteoma is enlarged, it can occupy most of the air chambers and extend to the frontal sinus or sphenoid sinus, causing chronic frontal sinus infection, nasal root widening, tears overflowing and nasal congestion. Osteoma growing into orbit and skull can also cause eyeball displacement and headache.

According to its origin and histopathological examination, the disease can be divided into three types: (1) sclerosing type: it consists of dense bone plates, which have osteogenesis and are as hard as ivory; (2) cancellous bone type: composed of ossified fibrous tissue, with irregular bone tissue and sometimes osteoblasts. (3) Mixed type: Most or peripheral parts of tumors are usually hard type, and the core or basal part is spongy type. X-ray film and CT scan of paranasal sinuses are of great value for the diagnosis of this disease. Osteoma is common in frontal sinus and ethmoid sinus, and osteoma is common, generally as big as soybean or pea or egg. X-ray film shows uniform and dense shadows with clear boundaries; Osteoma of cancellous bone is a reticular cancellous bone structure with a clear boundary with the surrounding bones.

Most osteomas grow slowly and can stop developing in adulthood. Therefore, patients with asymptomatic and uncomplicated small tumors should not be in a hurry for surgery, but should take regular X-rays for observation. If osteoma develops rapidly, surgical resection should be the principle. Osteoma in the posterior wall of frontal sinus is easy to develop into intracranial tumor, and its basement can be used as an approach for early resection. Because the ethmoidal sinus bone is thin, ethmoidal sinus osteoma is easy to cause complications, so it is advisable to operate as soon as possible and adopt an external nasal approach. Maxillary sinus cleaning is feasible for maxillary sinus osteoma. If the face is deformed, the sinus wall of the deformed part should be removed, but the principle is to preserve the face as much as possible. Plastic surgery is feasible if deformity is left after operation.