Planting techniques of potted blueberry trees
Seedling selection: To improve the survival rate, seedling selection is very important! In order to survive, I planted blueberries twice, and I couldn't help it. When the goods were received for the first time, all the blueberries were dried to death. When shopping online, you must estimate the delivery time according to the delivery location, and try to choose the sellers who are not dead in the comments, otherwise the dead saplings will not grow.
Disassemble the safety film: This step is necessary, so that the seedlings can absorb as much water mixed with rooting powder as possible in the following steps.
Mixed rooting water 1: mix rooting powder and water in a certain proportion for later use. You can refer to the instructions on the rooting powder.
Mixed root water 2: I mixed it according to my own experience. A small bag of rooting powder uses about 5 kilograms of water.
Soaking: according to the concentration of rooting powder and water, the soaking time is determined. If the rooting powder mixed with water is relatively strong, you can soak it for a while, just for half an hour. If the rooting powder is diluted with water and soaked for a period of time, it can last for two hours.
Planting techniques of potted blueberry
Time and management of seedling procurement
Potted seedlings can be planted all year round, and the best time is from autumn to the next spring before germination. The seedlings in this period are easy to transport, and the management and planting are relatively simple. After planting in autumn, a small amount of flowers and fruits can be produced in the second year and normal flowers and fruits can be produced in the third year. After the fifth year, blueberries can be potted at home and managed properly, and the fruiting period can last for 35 years.
Two. Tree species selection of blueberry potted seedlings
Rabbit eye blueberry, Sharp and O 'Neill are not self-pollinated, so pollination trees must be equipped to bear full fruits. It is not easy to choose this variety for family potted plants. Dwarf shrubs are only suitable for outdoor planting in the north, and other varieties can be used for family potted plants.
Three. Soil requirements
Blueberries, like acidic, soft, loose and breathable soil rich in organic matter, generally require soil pH value of 4.5-5.5 and soil organic matter content of 8%- 12%. Family potted plants can buy humus soil common in flower market, and add humus moss or peat, sawdust, rotten pine bark and other organic substances according to their own conditions, and add some edible white vinegar when watering at ordinary times (suggestion
Four. container
It is recommended to use a well-ventilated earthen basin, followed by a sand basin, and then a plastic basin. It is not recommended to use a pottery or porcelain basin.
Because blueberries are fibrous roots and shallow roots, large pots are not needed, and deep pots are forbidden. 15 cm pots are recommended for young seedlings, 25 cm pots for finished seedlings, and large pots are forbidden for young seedlings.
Five. Climatic conditions
A very important factor to ensure the fruiting of potted blueberries is to ensure that blueberries can withstand low temperature dormancy below 7.2 degrees Celsius in winter, and the lowest temperature they can endure varies with different varieties. For example, as a flower viewing, there is no need for low temperature restrictions.
Six. Watering management
Blueberries have shallow roots and are sensitive to water shortage, so the basin soil should always be kept moist and free of water, which is different in different growing seasons of blueberries. In the vegetative growth stage, the most suitable water condition can always be maintained, which can promote the plants to be strong. However, in the fruit development stage and before the fruit matures, the water supply must be reduced appropriately to prevent the rapid growth of nutrition from competing with the fruit for nutrients. After the fruit is harvested, the most suitable water supply can be restored to promote the vegetative growth. Reduce the water supply from Mid-Autumn Festival to late autumn, so as to enter the dormant period in time. In order to maintain the acidity of the soil, it is suggested that the dosage is 3-5 degrees vinegar, 500 ml is applied every month, and half a tablespoon of vinegar is added.
Seven. Fertilize soil or land
Blueberries are nutrient-poor plants. Compared with other fruit trees, the contents of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium in trees are very low. Because of this feature, blueberries should be specially protected against excessive fertilization to avoid fertilizer damage. When blueberry is planted, organic matter has been mixed into the soil, so the fertilization of blueberry mainly refers to topdressing.
Phosphorus pentoxide and ammonium sulfate are suitable fertilizers for potted blueberries. Blueberry excessive fertilization is easy to cause tree damage or even death of the whole plant. Therefore, the amount of fertilization should be cautious, depending on soil fertility and tree nutrition, not less than more! In addition, blueberries cannot be applied with nitrate fertilizers, such as ammonium nitrate and potassium nitrate.
Eight. Plastic Pruning of Potted Blueberries
Pruning period can be divided into winter pruning and summer pruning, strictly speaking, dormancy pruning and growing season pruning.
Young trees that have just been planted need to cut off buds and too thin branches. For strong branches, it is generally necessary to prune them to varying degrees. In the first growing season of survival, cut as little or no as possible, and spread the crown and branches at the fastest speed.
When the first three young trees are pruned in winter, the weak branches, drooping branches, horizontal branches, cross branches, over-dense branches and overlapping branches in the crown are mainly thinned. You can cut off the bud at the top of the branch a little shorter. After germination in spring, some new shoots should be selectively erased as soon as possible to strengthen the growth potential of the retained new shoots.
After entering the full fruit stage, the crown size has basically reached the requirements, so we should start to control the further expansion of the crown and leave the limited space for more vigorous branches or branches. The principle is to remove the weak and retain the strong. In addition to weak branches, diseased branches, dead branches, cross branches and adjacent overlapping branches are also the objects to be refined.
Blueberry tree planting method
Garden selection: Blueberry has a wide planting range, and suitable varieties can be selected according to the local climate, but it is not suitable for development in the northern region with little snow and frost. The slope of the selected garden should be small and should not exceed 10 degree; The pH value of soil is 4.0 ~ 5.5, and the optimum range is 4.3 ~ 4.8. The content of soil organic matter is not less than 5%; The soil is loose, well ventilated and moist, but there is no water accumulation.
Planting: Blueberries can be planted in spring and autumn, with high survival rate in autumn and early spring. Plant spacing, rabbit eye blueberry commonly used 2 meters? 2 meters or 1.5 meters? 3 meters, tall blueberry 1.2 meters? 2 meters, shrub blueberry 0.5 ~ 1 meter? 1 meter. The white flowers of rabbit eye blueberry are not solid, so it is best to configure high cluster blueberry as pollination variety. The white flower setting rate of blueberry with high cluster and low cluster is higher, but the fruit quality and yield can be improved by configuring pollination trees. The distribution ratio of main cultivated varieties to pollinated varieties is 1∶ 1 or 1∶2.
Soil management: Blueberry root system is shallow, slender and hairless, which requires loose soil and good ventilation.
Clear tillage method. It can be cleared from early spring to August, which is unfavorable for its wintering after autumn. Clear tillage is usually used to plant Vaccinium myrtillus in sandy loam. The suitable cleaning depth is 5 ~ 10 cm, which is easy to damage the root system.
Soil cover. Soil mulching is widely used in blueberry production, which has many functions, such as increasing soil organic matter, improving soil structure, regulating and maintaining soil moisture, reducing soil pH value, controlling weeds and so on. Covering the soil with 5 ~ 10 cm sawdust can increase the yield by 30% and the weight of single fruit by 50% in three years. Crop straws such as leaves and straws can also be used, but the effect is not as good as sawdust.
Weeding. Weeding is a very important part of blueberry orchard management, which can increase the yield by more than 1 times. Chemical herbicides are widely used in blueberry production. This is because the cost of manual weeding is high, and it is easy to damage the roots, especially for the planting of dwarf blueberries. Because the roots are strung together, the whole orchard will be connected after a few years, and it is impossible to weed manually. Herbicides commonly used in blueberry orchards are diuron, simazine, chlorpheniramine, 2,6 dichlorobenzene, glyphosate and paraquat.