Study? Name: Sageretiatheezans

No? Name: Jiejie, Quemeiteng

Branch? Name: Rhamnaceae

Genus? Name: Quemeiteng

Integral? B: It is native to the Yangtze River valley and southeast coastal provinces in China, and also distributed in Japan and India. It is a subtropical tree species.

Xi？ Sex: like warm and humid climate, not too cold-resistant. Strong adaptability, loose requirements for soil quality, and adaptability to acidic, neutral and calcareous soils. Drought resistance, water resistance, moisture resistance and barren resistance. Xi yang is also more resistant to yin. Developed root system, strong germination and pruning resistance. It often grows on slopes, roadsides and bushes.

Broms? -? Morphological characteristics?

Evergreen or semi-evergreen climbing shrub of Bromus. Branchlets with needles. The leaves are opposite, oval or even wide oval, with a length of 1 ~ 4 cm and a width of 1 ~ 1.5 cm. Blunt tip, small tip, round or nearly heart-shaped base. The veins on the lower side are obvious, both sides are hairless, and only the front side of the petiole is hairy. Stipules fall off early. Flowers are small, white, fragrant, villous, arranged in terminal panicles with spikes; Calyx 5, petals 5, pocket-shaped, disk cup-shaped, 5-lobed. The fruit is purple-black, subglobose and about 5 mm in diameter. Flowering: September ~ 65438+ 10. The fruit ripens from April to May of the following year.

Broms? -? Cultivation techniques?

Harvest period of Bromus fragrans (1) Bromus fragrans:

The climate in the south is warm, and plants have short sleep periods and early germination. The best period of heap mining is from slight cold to severe cold. After dormancy, trees accumulate a lot of nutrients, which is conducive to germination and rooting. Roots and buds complement each other. The good development of them is the premise and key to ensure the survival of stumps and prevent them from wilting. ?

(2) Pretreatment of Bromus:

1. Clean the stack blank. After the green body is collected, according to the situation and needs of the tree body, the branches are removed, and the old knife edge left during excavation is cut off by about10 mm. After the knife edge is flattened, the trimmed green body is cleaned in water with a hard brush and dried.

2. Disinfection soaking solution: soak the cleaned tree blank in 0.3% potassium permanganate solution for about one hour, then dry it, and then soak the root of the tree blank in 0.4% tea acetic acid solution overnight to replenish the water lost during excavation and transportation and enhance the healing ability of the wound.

(3) Initial planting and management of Bromus inermis: To plant Bromus inermis well, the first step is to pass the initial planting. Initial planting refers to the period when the tree blank goes down the mountain. Generally, it has no soil, so root tip cells are easy to die.

In the stage of modeling and branch selection, the following points should be noted:

1. The treated tree blanks are planted in rows on the sand bed with a spacing of about 20 cm, and different sizes are interspersed among them. The planting depth is 5 ~ 10cm, depending on the size of the pile blank. Or use clay pots and wooden boxes. The principle of using a pot is "rather big than small, rather deep than shallow".

2. One month after initial planting, Bromus pratensis can generally form new roots and grow new buds. After three months, it entered a period of steady growth. In June and July of the lunar calendar, the weather is hot, plants transpiration quickly, and people with underdeveloped roots are prone to heatstroke and death. So be sure to put the stump in the shade at noon in hot summer, water it once in the morning and afternoon, and spray it with a sprayer at noon.

(4) Watershed management: In daily management, full sunshine is the main thing at ordinary times. Note: If the temperature rises above 35℃ in the greenhouse or outdoors, it should be shaded. On the eve of rainy days, you can dig out the sand at the roots and observe the rooting situation. At this time, the roots should grow well, and the roots are many and long. If the new fibrous root of the root has reached 10 ~ 15cm, it can be potted. Don't delay, finish the potted plant a few days before the rainy season. The soil used in the upper basin should be clean and loose, preferably half mountain soil and half slag ash, which is beneficial to the survival and growth of new piles in the basin. After the pot is put on, it should be put in a greenhouse or plastic shed for four to five days. Then move outside in rainy days. ?

When exposed to the sun on a sunny day, the new bud has adapted to the outdoor environment and survived without hanging upside down. For the new basin piles that have adapted to the outdoor environment, under the condition of routine maintenance and depending on the production situation, an appropriate amount of thin fertilizer will be applied after one and a half months. At this time, the branches on the new pile blank are about 30 cm in length and 2 mm in thickness. Such branches are still weak, so management should be strengthened. According to the growth situation, slightly thick fertilizer water was applied every 10 day and a half until beginning of autumn, so as to be bound and shaped in early September of that year.

Broms? -? Management points?

Humidity management: I like humid climate, and it is required that the relative temperature of air in the growing environment is 70 ~ 80%, the relative humidity of air is too low, the lower leaves turn yellow and fall off, and the upper leaves are dull.

Temperature management: Because it is native to tropical areas and likes high temperature and high humidity environment, it has strict requirements on the temperature in winter. When the ambient temperature is lower than 10℃, it will stop growing, and it will be unsafe to overwinter when frost appears.

Bromus in summer:

1, strengthen air convection and let the temperature in the body radiate; ?

2. Put it in a semi-shady place, or shade it by 50%;

3, give it a proper spray, 2 ~ 3 times a day.

Winter:

1, move to a bright indoor place for maintenance;

2, outdoors, you can wrap it in a film for wintering, but every two days at noon when the temperature is high, you should uncover it and let it breathe.

Lighting management: I like semi-shadow environment. I can give plenty of sunshine in autumn, winter and spring, but I have to shade more than 50% in summer. When placed indoors for maintenance, try to put it in a bright place, such as living room, bedroom, study and other well-lit places. After curing indoors for a period of time (about one month), it needs to be moved to a cool place outside (with heat preservation conditions in winter) for a period of time (about one month), and so on.

Fertilizer and water management: For potted plants, in addition to adding organic fertilizer in potted plants, proper fertilizer and water management should also be carried out in the usual maintenance process.

Spring, summer and autumn: these three seasons are the peak of its growth, and the cycle order of fertilizer and water management is "Huabao"-clear water-"Huabao"-clear water, with an interval of about 1 ~ 4 days, which is shorter in sunny days or high temperatures and longer in rainy days or low temperatures.

Winter: winter dormancy period, mainly to control fertilizer and water. Fertilizer and water management shall be circulated in the order of "Huabao"-clear water-clear water-"Huabao"-clear water, with an interval of about 3-7 days, shorter in sunny days or high temperatures, and longer in rainy days or low temperatures.

For plants planted underground, according to the drought situation, fertilizer should be applied and watered 2-4 times in spring and summer: first, a small ditch is separated at a distance of 30- 100 km from the root neck (the bigger the plant, the farther it is from the root neck), and the width and depth of the ditch are 20 cm. Sprinkle 25 ~ 50kg organic fertilizer or 1 ~ 5 two-particle compound fertilizer (fertilizer) into the ditch and then water it. After winter and before spring, apply fertilizer again according to the above method, but don't water it.

Broms? -? Bonsai making?

Bromus parvifolius, also known as Prunus parvifolius, Prunus mume and Prunus mume, is a deciduous climbing shrub of Prunus parvifolius of Rhamnaceae. Bark grayish brown, slender branches with needles. The single leaf is opposite, ovoid or ovoid, with fine serrated edges, thin skin and bright green. Small yellow flowers in autumn and winter, nearly spherical drupe, purple-black when ripe, edible, sweet and sour. It is one of the main tree species in China stump bonsai, one of the five famous trees in Lingnan bonsai, and one of the bonsai plants exported to the United States after China's entry into WTO.

Bromus-bonsai 1. The general steps of making bromegrass bonsai are as follows:

1. Material selection: To make Bromus miniascape, annual branches can be selected for cutting propagation in March or rainy season; It can also be propagated by layering from April to June: it can also be sown when the fruit is ripe or sown in the seedbed after drying in the shade to cultivate seedlings; In the provinces south of the Yangtze River, you can also dig wild old roots or small trees in the wild mountains, plant them in the ground and process them into earthen pots to survive.

2. Modeling: Bromus has strong growth ability, long service life, easy modeling, strong germination ability, pruning resistance, soft branchlets and easy knotting. Most of them are roughly tied and finely cut, and they can also be completely trimmed (that is, "storing branches and cutting them off"), or they can be used as the main cutting and cutting as the auxiliary processing modeling. Trees are often made into inclined trunk, horizontal trunk, bent trunk, trunk, double trunk, cliff, root lifting and so on. Leaves are mostly trimmed into natural shapes, and can also be processed into clouds or steamed buns.

3. Potting: It is advisable to transplant potted plants before germination in February-March in spring. Choose a lighter purple sand basin or glazed pottery basin, and the basin shape should be a shallow or medium-deep rectangular basin or an oval basin. Pot soil should be made of loose and fertile slightly acidic humus, river mud and pond mud mixed with sand. When planting earthen pots, the roots should be properly trimmed, the lateral roots and fibrous roots should be firmly tied, the soil should be loose and fertile, and the bottom of the pots should be padded with rubble to facilitate drainage and ventilation.

Second, the maintenance management points

Bromus 1. Water and fertilizer management: Bromus likes humid environment, and the soil in the basin should be kept moist during the growing period, but water accumulation in the basin or excessive water in the basin for a long time should be avoided. In summer, Qin Ying should often water the trees and the surrounding ground, and reduce the watering in winter. During the growing season, apply 1 time pancake fertilizer or manure water every half month, and do not apply fertilizer in hot summer and cold winter. ?

2. Requirements for light and temperature: Bromus is a subtropical tree species, which likes light, is slightly shade-tolerant, warm and not too cold-resistant. Bonsai should be kept in a sunny, well-ventilated, warm and humid place, and should be properly shaded in summer; In the north, it is best to move indoors in late autumn, and keep the room temperature at around 8℃. In the south, you can safely overwinter outdoors in the lee and sunshine.

3. Turnover and pruning: usually, before germination in February-March in spring, it is carried out every 2-3 years 1 time, and the old soil of 1/2-2/3 is replaced. Pay attention to the application of sufficient base fertilizer, which can be combined with turning the pot to carry out root lifting treatment. Trim once a year in late spring and early winter to remove dense branches and leaves, and cut off all kinds of branches that affect the tree shape to keep the shape beautiful; In summer and autumn, coring should be carried out many times to promote axillary buds to germinate lateral branches. The more times of enucleation, the denser the branches and leaves.

Broms? -? Bonsai conservation?

1, water should be sufficient: natural water such as river water, pond water and rainwater is preferred. If tap water is used, it needs to be stored for a day or two, so that the chlorine in it can run away and be reused. Do not use laundry water containing soap, oil and salt water.

Bromus 2, fertilization should pay attention to: too much fertilization, long branches and leaves, lack of fertilizer, thin branches and yellow leaves, vulnerable to pests and diseases. Therefore, there should be principles for fertilization: new planting, new planting pots, new pots, and root damage should not be fertilized within one month. In spring and summer, potted trees must be fertilized in the peak season. After autumn, potted trees should be planted less when they grow slowly. Potted trees can stop fertilizing when they enter dormancy in winter. It is not suitable to fertilize around noon in rainy days or midsummer. It is best to loosen the soil on cloudy days or in the evening when the basin soil is slightly dry, so as to facilitate the infiltration of fertilizer and water into the soil. In order to accelerate the decomposition of fertilizer, water must be sprayed the next morning. ?

3. The soil in the basin is good: Bromus stumps originally grew in the wild, with developed roots and drought resistance and waterlogging tolerance. Once dug and planted in shallow pots, the growth conditions are limited. If it is not properly maintained, it is easy to die, so special care should be taken. To choose flower mud with good drainage, it is best to thicken the basin soil during the curing period. Change the new soil every two years and apply some base fertilizer to protect the fertile soil, so that the pile landscape can grow normally.

4, pruning should be timely: generally, the pruning time is appropriate in late spring and early autumn. In these two seasons, the broom stump has the strongest germination and the most prosperous growth. Long branches, overlapping branches, cross branches, radiating branches, dead branches and pest branches should be cut off at any time. But it should be noted that when the weather is hot, it is easy to burn new buds and roll leaves. Therefore, it is best to put it in the shade after pruning until the germination is normal.

5, should prevent pests and diseases: the common pests and diseases of Bromus stumps are longicorn, commonly known as "drilling insects." Female beetles bite bark and lay eggs on branches. The newly hatched larvae feed under the bark and grow into trunks and roots. Damaged plants are often eaten and die. During the prevention and control, we can judge the position of pests according to excreta, insert moderate wire-stinging larvae into the wormhole, or make holes with cotton balls soaked with 200 times dichlorvos, poison the larvae with drugs, and then seal them with wet mud. Red spider, also known as fire spider, is also a common pest in broom stump landscape. Size less than 1 mm, orange-red or reddish-brown oval. Spiders weave webs on the leaves of plants and pierce branches and leaves with mouthparts to absorb juice. The chlorophyll of the damaged leaves was destroyed, the color turned yellow and faded, the leaves showed fine gray-yellow spots, the leaves gradually withered and fell off, and some even all the leaves fell off and died. It can be destroyed by spraying dichlorvos or dimethoate 1000 times to 1500 times.