March 1839, 10 Lin zexu arrived in Guangzhou after a two-month journey. Ten thousand people in Qian Shan are crowded on both sides of the Pearl River, and everyone is eager to see the elegant demeanour of an imperial envoy. The whole of Guangzhou is waiting, listening to the voice of the imperial envoys. Lin Zexu's answer was that two notices posted outside Yuanmen the next day, "Receipt and Submission", stated that the purpose of the imperial envoy to Guangzhou was to investigate the Haikou incident. Another "Model Draft of Customs Defence" is no different from the first declaration of the imperial envoy's visit, and it is the first time to issue the voice of taking anti-smoking action. This announcement is the first public appearance of Lin Zexu as an imperial envoy to Guangzhou officials, people and foreigners. It not only declares that the world is clean again, but also aims to control the extremely complicated situation. Lin Zexu's diary records that he lived in Yuehua College that day.
1March 839,1March 8, Lin zexu issued two imperial edicts.
On March 19, foreigners were forbidden to leave Guangzhou.
On March 2 1 day, the business hall was surrounded.
On March 22nd, he ordered the arrest of British opium dealers.
With the arrival of British business supervision law in China, the contradiction naturally shifted to him. On the day of arrival, Lin Zexu ordered all foreign ships moored on the Pearl River to close their cabins, blocked the business hall that night and evacuated all waiters and China employees. However, Yi Fa is a real hooligan. In the face of Lin Zexu's orders, he reneged and used despicable means of hooliganism, blackmail, deception and lying alternately. Yi Fa is crafty, but he is no match for Lin Zexu. On March 28th, he gave Lin Zexu "20283 boxes of cigarettes paid according to the law".
Lin Zexu 1839 arrived in Guangzhou on March 10, and Yiliu was forced to agree to hand over all the opium on March 28th, totaling *** 18 days, which fully demonstrated Lin Zexu's victory in the first round of opium collection.
After consulting with Deng Tingzhen and others, Lin Zexu made impeccable instructions and arrangements on the site selection, acceptance, escort, custody, custody and guarding of the collection.
On April 10, Lin Zexu and Deng personally went to Humen to check the preparation before collection.
In April 1 1, the collection began, and Lin Zexu personally supervised the whole collection process.
May 18, used for 34 days, * * * collected 19 187 boxes and 210/9 bags, with a total weight of1188/kloc.
During the collection, Lin Zexu constantly supervised this complicated process. Working day and night, meticulous, no mistakes.
On June 3, under the command of Lin Zexu, Humen destroyed opium for 23 days, which declared to the world the determination of the Chinese nation never to yield to aggression. The destruction of opium in Humen is an unprecedented feat in human history. Humen's destruction of opium shows the unparalleled great image of the Chinese nation and is a victory against foreign aggression. Lin Zexu is of course the organizer, commander and finisher of this event. In this sense, he has become a historical giant without shame.
Before Humen destroyed opium, Lin Zexu learned that opium was burned in the past, and opium oil penetrated into the soil, so someone dug up the soil and boiled it into smoke paste. So, he sent people to dig two large pools with a width of 15 feet in Humen Beach, fill them with seawater, then put opium in the pools, soak them thoroughly, and then put lime. Then open the culvert and let the opium powder escape into the vast sea.
150 years ago, Britain was the largest imperialist country in the world at that time. He constantly plundered colonies all over the world, trying to open the door to China with opium.
Guangzhou is the drug trafficking center of foreign cigarette dealers. 1838, the local government in Guangzhou executed a China opium dealer, but the British tobacco dealer came out to obstruct it, which aroused the indignation of the people in Guangzhou. 1839 In February, more than 10,000 people demonstrated in front of hotels where foreigners lived, denouncing the crime of foreign tobacco companies interfering in China's internal affairs.
1In March of 839, Lin Zexu arrived in Guangzhou, and the anti-smoking movement started rapidly. While stepping up the rectification of coastal defense, he strictly closed the cigarette dealers; On the one hand, foreign tobacco dealers are restricted from handing in opium. Lin Zexu said in a notice to foreign tobacco merchants: "The minister will not return until the opium is exhausted." Because of Lin Zexu's firm attitude, strong measures and the support of the people, foreign tobacco dealers were forced to hand over more than 20 thousand boxes of opium.
Lin Zexu ordered the public destruction of opium in Humen and led officials of all sizes to personally supervise it. He asked people to put opium into two dug large pools, put salt water into the pools, soak the opium for a long time, add quicklime, boil it in water, and then destroy it. It took 23 days to destroy all the seized opium. This is the world-famous Humen destroying opium.
The just action of selling cigarettes won the support of the broad masses of the people. Humen beach is watched by tens of thousands of people every day, and people applaud. Seeing this situation, foreigners also admire Lin Zexu's determination to ban smoking.
Humen destroyed opium and destroyed 2,376,254 Jin of opium.
Significance of opium destruction in human beings
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The Opium War in Humen was a glorious anti-imperialist page in China's modern history. It was the fuse of the Opium War. After Britain launched the Opium War, Lin Zexu was dismissed for investigation. He was a national hero at the beginning of the Opium War in China.
Destroy opium at Humen Monument
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Before the founding of New China, the commander of Humen Fortress erected a one-meter-high monument to the place where cigarettes were sold. But no one manages it, and the old site of the whole tobacco selling pool is overgrown with weeds and desolate. After the founding of New China, in order to commemorate the righteous act of exterminating opium in Humen and Lin Zexu, a great national hero, the Party and the government established the Lin Zexu Memorial Hall in the former site of the Smoke Pool 1957. The "Lin Zexu Monument" was erected. 1972 Due to well-known reasons, Lin Zexu Memorial Hall was renamed Humen People's Anti-British Memorial Hall during the Opium War, and Lin Zexu Monument was renamed Humen People's Anti-British Monument during the Opium War. This undoubtedly violates the original intention of the museum. Therefore, it was renamed as "Humen Linzexu Memorial Hall" in 1985. In order to better collect and study the historical relics of the Opium War, protect the sites of the Opium War, and educate people on patriotism and excellent national traditions, a museum name "opium war museum" was added (there are now two museum names, one team and one museum site). During the period of 1987, the Dongguan Municipal People's Government successively took over Shajiao Fort and Weiyuan Fort from the naval forces, and set up Shajiao Fort Management Office and Weiyuan Fort Management Office respectively, which were handed over to the museum for management. Subsequently, in 1989, the original monument was demolished and the "Humen Opium Monument" was built, combining the bronze statue of Lin Zexu with the granite statue.
During the Daoguang period (1820~ 1850), the Qing government issued several orders to ban opium poisoning, but the amount of opium trafficked to China was still increasing year by year. 1June, 838, people of insight represented by Lin Zexu in the Qing government wrote in succession, demanding that smoking be banned. In his memorial to Daoguang, Lin Zexu pointed out: "The proliferation of opium will make" Serenade, which can defend against the enemy in the Central Plains, have no silver that can be confiscated (if smoking is not banned as soon as possible, I am afraid that there will be no soldiers who can fight in decades, and no silver that can be used as salary) ". Lin Zexu and other ministers urged Daoguang to feel that the problem was serious and sent Lin Zexu to Guangdong to ban smoking.
Supplement: 1838 65438+ In February, Daoguang appointed Lin Zexu as an imperial envoy and went to Guangdong to ban smoking. Lin Zexu, together with Deng Tingzhen, Governor of Guangdong and Guangxi, and Guan Tianpei, Governor of the Navy, arrested cigarette dealers, rectified coastal defense, ordered foreign businessmen to hand over opium, and set fire to more than 20,000 boxes (about1.2000 kg) of Asian films made by British and American businessmen in Humen. After the opium in Humen was destroyed, the British commercial supervisor Charlie Yili asked the British government to take military action against China to maintain the opium trade with China. The British government responded to the just laws and the unreasonable demands of British opium traffickers, and sent a letter of challenge to China. In this challenge, the British government distorted the facts and fabricated the reasons for its invasion of China.
After the Opium War, due to the defeat of the Qing government, the treaty of nanking was signed, promising to cede Hong Kong to Britain and pay compensation of 2 1 20,000 silver. It was not until 1.997 that Hong Kong finally returned to the motherland after serving for 99 years at the instigation of Britain.