Non-heat-treated alloy, pure aluminum alloy (1×××××× series), aluminum-copper alloy (2××××1000×1000×1000×/kloc-0.
2. Classification of aluminum processing technology: casting materials, heat-treated alloys and non-heat-treated alloys.
3, aluminum processing products classification:
Rolled products: sheet, plate, coil and strip.
Extruded products: pipes, solid bars and profiles.
Casting: casting.
Main uses of aluminum materials (I) Aluminum materials for building.
1, floor: 1050,1100,3105,5052.
2. Houses, warehouses, factories, offices and shops: 1050,100, 3003, 5005, 5052, 6063 boards and shapes.
3. Floor tiles, interior walls and compartments: 1 100, 5005 and 6063 plates and profiles.
4. Ventilation holes, handrails and lighting devices: 1080, 5052, 5N0 1, 6063 materials and plates.
5. Doors: 1050, 1 100, 5005, 5052, 6063 plates and profiles.
6. Shutter: 5052,5182 plate.
7. Curtain window rails: 5052 and 6063 plates and plates.
8. Check doors and doors: 5052 and 6063 plates, profiles and pipes.
9. odorless windows:1100,5052,6063 shapes and plates.
10, window frame: 6063 material.
1 1, fence: 5052,6061,6N0 1, 6063,5056 board, shape, line.
12, balcony: 5052, 6063, 6N0 1 type wood.
(2) Aluminum material for poplar
1, route identification: 5052,6061,6063 plate and shape.
2. Private road guardrail high hurdle: 606 1, 6N0 1, 6063, 5083 materials, plates and pipes.
3. Lighting columns: tubes 5052, 5083 and 6063.
4. Bridges and Bushu Bridges: 5083, 606 1, 6N0 1, 7003, 7N0 1 beams, plates, tubesheets and beams.
5. Acoustical wall 1 100, 5052 and 6063 profiles, plates and pipes
6. Highlight small structures: 20 14, 5052, 5083, 606 16N0 1, 6063, 7003, 7N0 1 shapes, plates and pipes.
7. Trolley): 5083,6101,6063,7003.
8. Superstructures of irrelevant lines: 5052, 5083, 606 1, 6N0 1, 7003, 7N0 1 beams, plates and pipes.
9. Mat for agricultural projects: 7N0 1 7003-shaped material.
10, scaffolding (for shipbuilding and construction): 5052, 6N0 1, 6063 plates and profiles.
1 1. door: 5052, 5083 plate and shape.
12, with cover: 6063 material.
(3) Aluminum material for motor parts
1. Normal decoration uses: 1080, 1070,1050,6063 plates and profiles.
2. High-voltage jacks and maintenance boards: 1 100, 5052 and 5082 boards.
3. Maintenance box and capacitor box: 1 100 and 1050 boards.
4. Capacitors: 1085, 1070, 1050 foils.
5. Variable batteries: 1 100, 1050,1070,5052 plates and foils.
6. Bearings: 20 1 1, 20 17 bars and pipes.
7. Speaker frame:1100,5052 board.
8. Rotary buttons: 20 1 1, 5052, 5056, 6063, 6262 bars and boards.
9. Close the boards: 1 100 and 5052.
10, metal core of soap cold bulb: 3004 plate
1 1, metal core of luminous lamp: 1 100 board
12, heaters: 1 100, 3003 and 6063 tubes.
13, conductive tube:1050,3003,6063 shape and tube.
14, semiconductor collector:1050,6063 plates and profiles.
15, TV ground wire:1100,3003,6063 tubes.
16, TV cabinet: 5052 board
17，VTRcylinder:20 18，26 18。
18, VTR tape guide: 5052, 5056, 6063, 7003 shapes and pipes.
19, magnetic square disk: 5086 disk.
20. Magnetic drum: forged products of 2025, 22 18 and 4032.
2 1, radar ground wire and dish antenna: 606 1, 6N0 1, 6063.
22. Motor frame: 1050 and 6063 plates and shapes.
23. Steering coil: 1060, 61kloc-0/,2024, 7N0 1,1.
24. Cable coating: 1050 pipe and plate.
25. Fan blades:1100,3003,5052 plates.
26. rice cookers: 1 100, 3003, 3004, 5N0 1 board.
27. Cold condenser: 1 100, 1200, 1050, 3003, 7072 plates.
28. Copier roller: 1050, 3003, 6063 tubes.
(four) highlight the aluminum used in machinery and packaging containers.
1, optical finishing machine closed system
(1) Camera body: 5052, 5056 and 6262 tubes.
(2) Cameras: 1 100 and 5N0 1 board.
(3) Component types: 20 1 1, 5056 and 6262 rods.
(4) Keyboard: 1050, 1 100 board.
(5) Gear position and ceiling: plates 20 14, 20 17 and 5083.
2. Optical fiber closed system
(1) Belt frame: 6063,7003 type wood.
(2) Textile machine structure: 2014,7075,7n01,7003 beam.
(3) Spinning: 2017,2024,7075 rods.
(4) Spools: 606 1, 6N0 1, 6063, 7N0 1 tube.
(5) Silk screen and printing and dyeing frame: 6063 material.
(6) Flyer: 7003 tubes
(7) Spinning pots: 20 17, 7N0 1 plates and forgings.
3. The relationship between industry, forest, aquatic products, packaging and containers
(1) seedling puller and seedling box: 5052 board.
(2) Mower handle: 5056, 6063, 6N0 1, 7003 tubes.
(3) Repository: 5052 and 5083 boards
(4) Fire fighting pipes: 5052 and 6063 pipes.
(5) Milk dispersing tanks: 1050, 1 100, 3003 and 5052 plates.
(6) Bottle caps:1100,3003,3105,5052 plates.
(7) Aluminum cans: number plates 3004, 5052, 5082 and 5 182.
(8) Beer barrel: 1050 plate
(9) Fish bin: plates 5052 and 5083
(10) low-pressure cylinder for breathing in Horsey: 2017,5056 forging.
(1 1) liquefied gas cylinders: brands 5052 and 5083.
(12) packaging container:1n30,80218079 aluminum foil.
(13) Bat: 606 1, 6N0 1, 6063,7001,7 178 tube.
(14) Bow and arrow: 2024, 7075, 7078 tubes.
(15) racket types: 606 1, 6N0 1, 6063, 7N0 1, 7003.
(16) nameplate: 1050, 1070, 1080.
(17) printed board: 1050,1100,3003 board.
(18) Swimming pool: 5052, 5083 and 6063 boards and shapes.
(5) Education of Aluminum Installation Chemistry
1. Installation of steam collar for LNG barrel pipeline: 3003, 5052, 5083 and 6063 plates, pipes and profiles.
2. Air and gas separation devices: 1050, 1 100, 3003, 4043, 5052, 5083, 5 154, 6063, 615/.
3. Chemical education container pipes: 1050, 1070, 3003, 5052, 5083 plates, pipes and coating materials.
4. Install hydrogen oxide: 1070, 1080, 5652 and 5254 pipes, plates and rods.
Introduction of commonly used aluminum materials 1. Electrophoretic aluminum profiles:
1. Very strong corrosion resistance: The surface corrosion resistance is extremely high, which can effectively prevent acid, alkali and salt corrosion. It is the best variety to prevent the corrosion of construction mortar.
2. Satisfactory service life, even if it is decorated and used in harsh environment, it can ensure that it will not corrode, age, fade or fall off for more than 50 years.
3. Smooth and delicate feel, bright and gorgeous appearance, a variety of colors to choose from.
4. The paint film has high hardness, which can resist the hardness of aluminum pen for more than 3H.
2. Alumina:
Taking the substrate as anode, electrolysis is carried out in electrolyte, and a protective oxide film is artificially formed on the surface of the substrate, thus forming alumina.
Main characteristics of alumina:
1, with strong wear resistance, weather resistance and corrosion resistance.
2, the surface of the substrate can form a variety of colors, which is most suitable for your requirements.
3, strong hardness, suitable for producing various building and industrial materials.
3, rare earth aluminum foam:
Metal foam is a new engineering material which integrates physical function and structure. Its excellent physical properties make it widely used in many fields such as noise elimination, shock absorption, separation engineering, catalytic carrier, shielding and protection, energy absorption and buffering. Among them, aluminum foam made of rare earth aluminum alloy is also considered to be a promising excellent material for vehicles such as cars and ships in the future.
It is understood that the preparation methods of metal foam materials are roughly as follows: powder metallurgy method, which can be divided into loose sintering and reactive sintering; Seepage method; Sintering dissolution method; Melt foaming method; * * * crystal directional solidification method, etc. Among many preparation methods, the melt foaming method is the most promising for industrial production because of its relatively simple production process and low cost. At present, the metal foam materials supplied in the Japanese market are mainly aluminum foam blocks produced by melt foaming method.
The technical difficulties of melt foaming method are: controlling the viscosity of melt; Select the appropriate metal foaming agent. Generally, the viscosity of the melt is required to be large, and the foaming agent used requires rapid foaming near the melting point of the metal.
The process is divided into two parts: 1, rare earth aluminum alloy development; 2. Preparation of rare earth foamed aluminum alloy.
The development of rare earth aluminum alloy can not only improve the strength of the alloy, but also reduce the melting temperature of the alloy, which is beneficial to the preparation of high strength rare earth foam aluminum alloy. At a certain alloy viscosity, it is the technical key to prepare foam metal by evenly dispersing the appropriate foaming agent into the melt for foaming. In the rare earth additive of rare earth aluminum alloy, the content of rare earth is 0. 1% to 0.7%.
Rare earth foamed aluminum alloy was prepared by melt foaming method. Taking aluminum alloy as the base metal, adding self-made rare earth additives in the molten state for melting to obtain rare earth aluminum alloy melt. After adding metal tackifier and foaming agent, foaming reaction is carried out in rare earth aluminum alloy foaming pool, and rare earth foamed aluminum alloy is obtained after molding.
4, building aluminum:
Building products made of aluminum and aluminum alloy materials. Usually, it is processed into castings, forgings, foils, plates, belts, tubes, bars and profiles, and then cold-bent, sawed, drilled, assembled and colored.
Performance pure aluminum has low strength, so its use is limited. However, aluminum alloys with different properties can be obtained by adding a small amount of one or more alloying elements, such as magnesium, silicon, manganese, copper, zinc, iron, chromium and titanium. After cold working and heat treatment, aluminum alloy is further strengthened and hardened, and its tensile strength is greatly improved.
The standard potential of aluminum is-1.67V, and its chemical properties are very active, and it is easy to react with oxygen in the air to form a solid and dense oxide film, so it has good corrosion resistance in ordinary atmosphere and clean water. However, contact with steel or other metal materials will cause electrochemical corrosion, contact with alkaline materials such as concrete, cement mortar and lime will cause corrosion in humid environment, and contact with wood and soil will also cause corrosion. Therefore, proper anti-corrosion treatment is needed.
Production methods According to different production methods, aluminum alloys can be divided into two categories: cast aluminum alloys and wrought aluminum alloys. Deformed aluminum alloys are generally used in buildings to be rolled into plates, foils and strips, and extruded into bars, tubes or profiles with various complex shapes. Deformed aluminum alloys can be divided into antirust aluminum alloys, hard aluminum, superhard aluminum and special aluminum according to their different properties and uses. Industrial pure aluminum (L 1 ~ L 1), rust-proof aluminum alloys (LF2, LF2 1), etc. ) and forged aluminum (LD2) are generally used in buildings.
Features and uses The biggest feature of aluminum and aluminum alloys is that the bulk density is about 1/3 of that of steel, while the specific strength (the ratio of strength limit to specific gravity) can reach or exceed that of structural steel. Secondly, aluminum and aluminum alloys are easy to be processed into various shapes and can adapt to various connection processes, which provides favorable conditions for building structures to adopt the most economical and reasonable cross-sectional form. Therefore, the use of aluminum alloy can not only greatly reduce the weight of buildings and save materials, but also reduce the workload of component transportation and installation and speed up the construction progress. This has more remarkable economic effects in earthquake areas and mountainous and remote areas with inconvenient transportation. Aluminum and aluminum alloys have beautiful colors, good corrosion resistance, high reflectivity to light and heat, and good sound absorption. Various colors can be obtained by chemical and electrochemical methods. Therefore, aluminum is widely used in roofs, walls, doors and windows, skeletons, indoor and outdoor decorative boards, ceilings, suspended ceilings, handrails, indoor furniture, storage containers, building templates and so on.
The construction industry is one of the three major markets for aluminum. About 20% of the world's total aluminum production is used in the construction industry, and the amount of aluminum used in the construction industry in some industrialized countries has accounted for more than 30% of its total output. In recent years, the products of building aluminum are constantly updated, and the application of new building products such as colored aluminum plate, composite aluminum plate, composite door window frame and aluminum alloy template is also increasing year by year. China has made roofs, walls, doors and windows with aluminum alloy. In industrial and civil buildings, it is gradually extended to interior and exterior decoration, building templates, etc. , and achieved good results.
Standard aluminum welding method for aluminum welding: Almost all kinds of welding methods can be used to weld aluminum and aluminum alloys, but aluminum and aluminum alloys have different adaptability to various welding methods, and each welding method has its own application occasions. Gas welding and covered electrode arc welding equipment is simple and easy to operate. Gas welding can be used for repair welding of aluminum plates and castings with low requirements on welding quality. Covered electrode arc welding can be used for repair welding of aluminum alloy castings. Inert gas shielded welding (TIG or MIG) is the most widely used welding method for aluminum and aluminum alloys. Aluminum and aluminum alloy sheets can be welded by tungsten alternating current argon arc welding or tungsten pulse argon arc welding. Thick aluminum and aluminum alloy plates can be welded by tungsten-helium arc welding, argon-helium mixed tungsten gas shielded welding, MIG welding and pulsed MIG welding. Metal arc welding and pulsed metal arc welding (argon or argon/helium mixture) are widely used before welding.
1. Cleaning before welding: When welding aluminum and aluminum alloy, the oxide film and oil stain on the weld and welding wire surface of the workpiece should be strictly removed before welding;
1) chemical cleaning chemical cleaning has high efficiency and stable quality, and is suitable for cleaning welding wires and workpieces with small size and mass production. There are two methods available: soaking and scrubbing. Organic solvents such as acetone, gasoline and kerosene. It can be used to remove oil stains on the surface. It is washed with 5% ~ 10% NaOH solution at 40℃ ~ 70℃ for 3 min ~ 7 min (the time of pure aluminum is slightly longer but not more than 20min), then washed with flowing clean water, and then washed with 1 min ~ 3 min with 30%HNO3 solution at room temperature to 60℃.
2) Mechanical cleaning: Mechanical cleaning is often used when the workpiece is large in size, long in production cycle and polluted after multi-layer welding or chemical cleaning. Wipe the test surface with acetone, gasoline and other organic solvents to remove oil, and then brush it directly with a copper wire brush or a stainless steel wire brush with a diameter of 0. 15 mm ~ 0.2 mm until it shows metallic luster. Generally, it is not suitable to use grinding wheel or ordinary sandpaper to polish, so as to avoid defects such as slag inclusion caused by sand particles left on the metal surface and entering the molten pool during welding. In addition, scrapers and files can also be used to clean the surface to be welded.
After cleaning, if the storage time is too long (such as more than 24 hours), it should be reprocessed.
2. Gasket: The strength of aluminum alloy is very low at high temperature, and the fluidity of aluminum liquid is good, so the weld metal is easy to collapse during welding. In order to ensure penetration without collapse, backing plates are usually used to support the molten pool and nearby metals. The backing plate can be made of graphite plate, stainless steel plate, carbon steel plate, copper plate or copper rod. Arc grooves are formed on the surface of the backing plate to ensure the formation of the reverse side of the weld. One-sided welding and double-sided forming can also be carried out without backing plate, but advanced technological measures such as skilled welding operation or strict automatic feedback control of arc welding energy are needed.
3. Preheating before welding: generally, thin and small aluminum parts do not need to be preheated, but can be preheated before welding when the thickness is 10 mm ~ 15 mm, and the preheating temperature can be 100℃ ~ 200℃ according to different aluminum alloy types, and can be heated by oxygen-acetylene flame, electric furnace or blowtorch. Preheating can reduce the deformation and porosity of weldments. postweld treatment
(1) After welding, cleaning the residual flux and slag in the weld and its vicinity will destroy the passive film on the aluminum surface and sometimes corrode the aluminum parts, so it should be cleaned up. Workpieces with simple shape and general requirements can be cleaned by simple methods such as hot water washing or steam blowing. Aluminum parts with high requirements and complicated shapes should be brushed with a hard brush in hot water first, then soaked in 2% ~ 3% chromic anhydride aqueous solution or potassium dichromate solution at about 60℃ ~ 80℃ for 5 min ~ 10 min, brushed with a hard brush again, washed with hot water, oven-dried or hot air-dried, or naturally dried.
(2) Post-weld heat treatment of aluminum containers generally does not require post-weld heat treatment.