Bao Jianfeng has been honed, and ancient and modern poems are beautiful.

Chinese name: plum blossom

Latin scientific name: Mei

Field: the field of plants

Phylum: Angiosperm phylum

Category: Dicotyledonous plants

Order: Rosales

Family: Rosaceae

Subdivision: Mayako

Genus: Prunus

Subgenus: Leah

Type: plum

catalogue

brief introduction

According to decoration classification

kind

ecological classification

Classification by country of origin

cultivate

Morphological stem

fruit

flower

Cultivation history

gardening

plant diseases and insect pests

Attach importance to medicinal value

Ornamental value

Guanmei Sheng Di

Poetry, Fu, Ci, Qu and other ancient poems

Today's singing

Famous Plum Painters in China in Past Dynasties

Variety and category

Brief introduction to stories and legends

According to decoration classification

kind

ecological classification

Classification by country of origin

cultivate

Morphological stem

fruit

flower

Cultivation history

Value of horticultural diseases and insect pests

The viewpoint of medicinal value and ornamental value; Mei's poems and songs

Other ancient poems are the varieties and types that modern people praise the famous painters of past dynasties in China.

There are many varieties and types of plum blossoms.

There are many photos of plum blossom bonsai (20 photos). At present, there are more than 30 large varieties and more than 300 subordinate small varieties, and the general flowering period is about 2 ~ 3 months. Meixi has a warm climate, and its flowering period is particularly sensitive to climate change. Meixi has a high air humidity, but it avoids heavy rain during flowering. Its varieties can be divided into leaf plum, right-angled plum and water plum according to branches and growth posture. It can also be divided into Gong Fenmei, Hongmei, Zhao, Green Sepals Plum, Big Hongmei, Jade Butterfly Plum and Sprinkled Golden Plum. Among them, Gongfenmei is the most common, with pink petals and dense and thick flowers; Jade butterfly plum petals are purple and white; The petals of green sepals are white and have a strong fragrance, especially the "green calyx of money". Every winter, patches of plum blossoms are in full bloom, some are as bright as sunrise, some are as white as snow, and some are as green as jasper, forming a spectacular scene of condensed clouds in Meihai, which is really beautiful.

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Three series of strain (1): 1, true plum blossom series; 2. Plum blossoms; 3. Cherry blossom system. (2) Five categories: 1, Prunus mume; 2. weeping plum; 3. Longyou Li; 4. Apricot and plum; 5. Cherry plums. (3) 19 type: 1, plum blossom, green plum, dark plum, palace pollen, green calyx, jade butterfly, cinnabar, yellow incense and sprinkling gold; 2. Plum blossoms can be divided into three types: pink flower type, five treasures type, remnant snow type, Bai Bi type and bone red type. 3. Longyoumei is divided into Jade Butterfly Longyou type; 4. Apricot and plum are divided into single-petal apricot and late spring type; 5. Cherry plums are divided into plum types.

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1, Pinzi plum type: a typical variety with one flower and three fruits, with only 1 species left at present. That is, the word plum.

Photo album of stamp plum blossom (1 1 sheet) 2. Small plum blossom type: the flowers are very small, white, yellow or red, with a diameter of 7 ~ 22mm, single petal or even no petal, small fruit and small leaves. Plum varieties include Beijing Xiaomei, Moshan Xiaomei, Meizhou Xiaomei and Huang Jinmei. 3, Jiang Mei type: single flower, red, pink, white and other colors, purple calyx or blooming on the green background. The main varieties are Jiang Mei, Xue Mei, Liu Ban, Liu Ban Red, Xinghu Xiaohua, Changrui Danfen, Danfen, Pale Cold Red, Hanrihong, Pink Cold Red, Fushoumei, Xueyuehua and Fangliuge. 4, palace powder type: double to double flowers, dark red or light pink. The main varieties are Dayu, Koupai Scarlet, Laomeidahong, Xiaoougong Powder, Fupai Powder, Fenpigong Powder, vermicelli, Fenyungong Powder, Caishangong Powder, Caoxigong Powder, Chuanxi Powder, Double-petalled Powder, Taigegong Powder, Fufen, Huangyan Powder, Huqiu Evening Powder, Yulugong Powder, Fanwangong Powder. 5. Green calyx type: single flower, compound flower or double flower, white or pale green at first bloom, calyx green, branchlets green, no purple halo. The main varieties are green calyx, Tiger green calyx, long pistil green calyx, two green calyx, compound green calyx, six green calyx, small green calyx, money green calyx, rice single green calyx, long pistil single green calyx and single green calyx. 6, jade butterfly type: flowers are double petals or double petals, pure white. The main varieties are Jingyu Butterfly, Button Jade Butterfly, Huanong Jade Butterfly, Huizhou Sandalwood, Zidibai, Subaitai Pavilion, Qingzhi Jade Butterfly, Xiaoyu Butterfly, Tricycle Jade Butterfly, Lotus Jade Butterfly, Huizhou White Butterfly, Wuyang Jade Butterfly, Yutai Zhaoshui and Zidibai Zhaoshui. 7. Cinnabar type: The main characteristics are single flower, compound flower or double flower, purple flower, purple calyx sauce and light purple xylem.

The main varieties of plum blossom (15 pieces) are Wu Yuyu, Changshu Mo, Gulihong, Dancing Cinnabar, Taige Cinnabar, Huizhou Bone Red, Iron Bone Red, Multi-calyx Cinnabar, Thousand-petal Cinnabar, Nanjing Red Bearded, Pink Cinnabar, Fine Branch Cinnabar, Water Cinnabar, White-bearded Cinnabar, Jiangnan Cinnabar, Early-planted Cinnabar, Single-petal Cinnabar, etc. 8. Yellow fragrance type: double or double flowers, pale yellow or nearly white, pale yellow flower center, crimson calyx. The main varieties are Huangshanhuangxiang, Caowanghuangxiang, single-petal Huang Xiang and Nanjing Fuhuangxiang. 9. Gold-scattering type: single flower, compound flower or double flower, and flowers with red, white or water red stripes on the tree. The main varieties are Kunming small jump branch, late jump branch, compound jump branch, single jump branch, rice single jump branch and so on.

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China has a long history of ancient beauty, among which there are five ancient beauty theories, represented by Chu beauty, Jin beauty, Liang Meiwei, Tang Mei and Song Mei. Chu Mei: At Zhanghua Temple in Shashi, Hubei Province. It is said that it was planted by King Chu Ling. It has been more than 2,500 years, and it is the oldest ancient beauty. Jin Mei: In Jiangxin Temple in Huangmei, Hubei. It is said that it was planted by Zhidun, a famous monk in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, and it has been 1600 years. In late winter and early spring, plum blossoms twice, which is called "Ermei" (another saying is that it is named Ermei because the whole flowering period lasts in winter and spring). The log has withered, and now it is a new branch developed in recent years. Liang Meiwei: The Capitol Hill in Tiantai Mountain, Zhejiang Province. According to legend, it was planted by Master Guan Ding, a disciple of the founder of Tiantai Temple in Buddhism, with a history of 1300 years. Tang Mei: There are two kinds of ancient beautiful trees called "Tang Mei". One plant was planted in the yard of Tang Ming, Chaoshan, Zhejiang Province. It is said that it was planted during the Kaiyuan period of the Tang Dynasty. A piece of Heishui Temple in Kunming, Yunnan, is said to have been planted by Daoan monks in the first year of Kaiyuan in Tang Dynasty (AD 7 13). Song Mei: Baochi Temple in Chaoshan, Zhejiang. Generally speaking, plum blossom has five petals, but this Song Mei plant has six petals, which is unusual.

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Plum blossom originated in the southwest of China, and wild plum first evolved into ornamental plum, which is a branch of plum blossom. China's Wild Libby Mountain david lee.

There are four sub-centers, namely, eastern Sichuan and western Hubei mountainous areas; Southeast Hubei, northeast Jiangxi, Anhui and Zhejiang mountainous areas; Guangdong and Guangxi, mountainous areas in southern Jiangxi and Fujian and Taiwan, among which Meiling Scenic Area in Nanxi Town of Tainan County and Xinyi Township of Nantou County are the best in Taiwan Province Province. This is a deciduous tree. Meixi has a warm climate, and its flowering period is particularly sensitive to climate change. Meixi has a high air humidity, but it avoids heavy rain during flowering. Plum blossoms can grow well in areas where the annual rainfall is above 1000mm, and the requirements for soil are not strict and relatively poor. Active tree species, like sunshine and good ventilation. It is a long-lived tree species. The flowering period in the Yangtze River basin is from February to March. Wild plums are distributed in high altitude areas such as Sichuan, Hubei and Guangxi. Plum blossoms cultivated in the south of the Yellow River can safely overwinter in the open air, and hybrid plum blossoms have successfully overwintered in the open air in Beijing. Plum blossoms like a warm and slightly humid climate, slightly tolerant of shade and not afraid of cold. The soil is light soil and sandy soil, which is rich in humus and easy to grow on medium clay loam. Chengdu, Sichuan, is famous for plum blossoms since ancient times. Song Dynasty poet Lu You's poem "Flowers in Yongmei" said: "I went to the west of the city and got drunk for plum blossoms. Twenty Li Xiang, Qingyang Palace to Huanhuaxi ". Plum blossom is a deciduous tree of Prunus in Rosaceae, sometimes it refers to its fruit (plum) or flower (plum), and its scientific name is plum blossom. Plum blossom originated in China, spread to Korea and Japan, and then spread to western countries from Japan. The scientific name of plum blossom is actually Japanese pronunciation, which is said to come from the pronunciation of the word plum blossom in the Central Plains of ancient China. In addition, plum blossom and wintersweet are two completely unrelated plants. Plum belongs to Rosaceae and Chimonanthus praecox belongs to Chimonanthus praecox. flower of wintersweet

Close-ups of plum blossoms (3 photos) are only three meters at the highest, and most of the flowers are yellow. The fruit is spindle-shaped, which is different from plum blossom. Chimonanthus praecox is yellow, while plum blossom is white, pink and red. Chimonanthus praecox blooms in early winter and plum blossom in early spring, with a difference of one quarter. Chimonanthus praecox has a strong fragrance, while plum blossom has a sweet fragrance. In addition, the wax texture of wintersweet is very strong, and the paper texture of plum blossom is very strong. To put it simply, the petals of Chimonanthus praecox are hard, while those of plum are soft. Ume (Li) is the Japanese name of the Asian plum tree (Prunus of Rosaceae). As a flower viewing tree, it is widely planted and its fruit is edible. Although it is called plum, it is actually closer to apricot in classification. There is also a Japanese plum called sumomo. In Japan, plum blossoms bloom in late winter, that is, 1 late month and February, with flowers first and leaves later. Five petals diameter 1 ~ 3cm. Wild flowers are white, and there are artificial varieties such as rose red and crimson. Leaves came out soon after the flowers fell behind. The leaves are oval and the tips are arrow-shaped. Fruit ripens in early summer, which is June in Japan. Because the fruit maturity coincides with the rainy season in southern China, it is also called the rainy season. The fruit is round, and there is a shallow ditch from the stalk to the top. The peel is green, gradually turns yellow after picking, and may appear red, indicating that the fruit is mature. The flesh is yellow. Japan: In the 4th century, with the introduction of China culture into Japan, the West was widely planted in Japan; Except New Zealand, it is rarely planted in Europe and America.

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Plum blossoms, in gardens, green spaces, courtyards and scenic spots, can be planted alone, in clusters or in groups. It can also be planted naturally in front of houses, on slopes, between rocks and on roadsides. If evergreen trees or dark buildings are used as the background, the beauty of plum blossoms can be set off. Such as pine, bamboo and plum, with pine as the background, bamboo as the guest scene and plum as the main scene. In ancient times, it was emphasized that "plum blossoms around the house" and "going upstairs to see plum blossoms" were all for the best viewing effect. In addition, plum blossoms can be arranged into Meiling, Mei Feng, Meiyuan, Meixi, Meijing and Meiwu. Plum blossom is pure and elegant, and it is an important ornamental flower in winter and spring. Can be planted in pieces, can also be used as bonsai, cut flowers, beautify the courtyard and other environments. Plums can be eaten raw to quench thirst, and can also be made into candied fruit such as preserved plum and dried plum, plum sauce and sauce. Fruit as medicine has antipyretic, antitussive, anthelmintic and dysentery relieving effects; Flowers and roots can be used as medicine, promoting blood circulation and detoxification, benefiting lung and resolving phlegm. In addition, fruits and bark can also be used to make dyes; The trunk is an important material for handicraft carving because of its excellent material and delicate texture.

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The plant height is about 5 ~ 10 m, and the trunk is brownish purple with many longitudinal edges. Branchlets are green. Leaf blade broadly ovate to ovate, margin serrate. Each flower 1 ~ 2 double plum blossoms. The file extension of encoded image stored in jpeg file exchange format.

Flowers, sessile or short-stalked, the original species is pale pink or white, and the cultivated varieties are purple, red, spotted to yellowish, and bloom in early spring. Plum blossoms can be divided into departments, classes and types. Such as real plum, apricot, cherry plum, etc. Classification under the system, classification under the hierarchy. Plum blossoms are small deciduous trees, with grayish brown trunks, slender green hairless branchlets, oval or round leaves, fine teeth on the leaf margin, and flower buds planted in the axils of long branches, with 65,438+0 ~ 2 flowers per node, fragrant, 5 petals, white to pink, double petals. (pictured)

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Plum blossom is a small deciduous tree with a height of10m. Its branches are usually prickly and its crown is not round. Branches are brownish purple, with multiple longitudinal lines, and branchlets are green or with green as the background color, without hair.

fruit

Drupe is nearly spherical, grooved, about 1 ~ 3 cm in diameter, densely pubescent, acid green, yellow or yellow-green when the fruit matures from April to June, and some varieties are red-green. Acid, edible, can be used to make dried plums, plum sauce, preserved plums, sour plum soup, plum wine and so on. , and can also be used as medicine. Mei Huajiu is very popular in Japan and South Korea. It tastes sweet and has the effect of smoothing qi, so it is an excellent fruit wine. Plum is a very popular food in China. Plums are made by pickling plums with sugar, salt and licorice and then drying them in the sun. Plums can also be used to make bitter or sweet and other foods.

flower

Plum blossom can be divided into true plum blossom series, apricot plum blossom series and cherry plum blossom series. 65438 0 ~ 2 flowers per node, sessile or short peduncle, 65438 0 ~ 3 cm in diameter, bell-shaped calyx tube, pubescent, ovoid lobes; Petals, the original species is pale pink or white, and the cultivated varieties are purple, red, mottled to light yellow; Stamens are numerous, pistils are free, ovaries are densely pilose, rarely 2-5 (centrifugal skin) or none, ovaries are superior and styles are long. There are more than 300 varieties of plum blossoms. Plum varieties suitable for viewing include Dahongmei, Taigemei, Zhao, Green Sepals and Longyoumei. Most ornamental plum blossoms are white, pink, red, purple and light green. It blooms from 65438+February in Southwest China to 65438+1October in the following year, from February to March in Central China and from March to April in North China. 4 ~ 7 days from initial flowering to full flowering, and the last flowering 15 ~ 20 days. Plum blossom is a long-lived flower, even if it is potted at home, it can often last for more than ten years. There is a plum blossom planted in Jin Dynasty in Huangmei County, Hubei Province, which is still fragrant. Although plum blossoms have low requirements for soil, it is best to have loose and fertile soil and good drainage. Seedlings can be cultivated in garden soil or humus soil. Plum blossoms are sensitive to moisture. Although they like moisture, they are afraid of waterlogging. If the basin soil is too wet for a long time, it will lead to deciduous and yellow leaves. Plum blossoms don't like big fat, so they only need to apply a small amount of thin fat water during the growth period. Plum blossoms can withstand the temperature of-15 degrees. Prunus mume is mainly propagated by grafting, and sowing, layering and cutting can also be used. Rootstocks are mainly li miao or apricot and peach. Plum blossom is usually not easy to get sick, but there are also some diseases, such as perforation, anthracnose, powdery mildew, dead branch gummosis, dry rot gummosis and so on. Aphids often harm plum blossoms. However, dimethoate is not suitable for killing insects, which will cause phytotoxicity to plum blossoms and lead to defoliation. In addition, there is a kind of plum blossom bonsai called plum blossom pile.

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Plum is a unique traditional flower and fruit in China with a history of more than 3,000 years. The scripture says, "To make a soup, you can only salt plums." The Book of Rites contains: "Peach, plum and egg salt". The Book of Songs Nan Zhou says, "There are plums, but only seven!" Mei is also mentioned in Qin Feng Zhongnan, Martin's Tomb Gate and Cao Feng's Dove. According to the records in the above-mentioned ancient books, plums were used to replace cheese as seasoning in ancient times, and they were indispensable things for sacrifice, cooking, gifts and so on. At least 2,500 years ago, wild plums were introduced and domesticated, making them domestic plums-fruit plums. 1975, Chinese archaeologists discovered the plum pit in the bronze tripod of Shang Dynasty in Yin Ruins, indicating that plums were eaten as food as early as 3200 years ago. The rise of ornamental plum blossoms began in the early Han Dynasty. "Miscellanies of Xijing" contains: "In the early Han Dynasty, a forest garden was built, and different trees were offered far away, including Zhu Mei, and plum blossoms were married." At this time, the plum blossom varieties with strong ornamental and ornamental properties may belong to Jiang Mei and Guanfen, and a layer of blush is sprinkled on one side of the plum blossom. At the end of the Western Han Dynasty, Yang Xiong wrote "Shu Du Fu" and said: "Cherry blossoms, plum blossoms and magnolia trees are all used." It can be seen that plum has been used as a garden tree species for urban greening about 2000 years ago. During the Southern and Northern Dynasties (AD 420-589), plum blossom art, plum blossom appreciation and Yongmei became more popular, and "plum blossom became famous all over the world with flowers" (Preface to Hemei Poetry by Yang Wanli in the Southern Song Dynasty). "Jinling Zhi" contains: Princess Shouyang, the daughter of Song Wudi (reigned from 420 to 422 AD), lies under the eaves of Hanzhang Temple every day. Plum blossoms fall on her forehead and cannot be brushed away. Plum blossom makeup is effective for the imperial court. "At this time, there are many literati who write plum blossoms, such as Bao Zhao of Song Dynasty, Xiao Gang of Liang (Jian Wendi), He Xun, Plum Blossom of Yangzhou, Chen Yinque, To Tu Thanh, Northern Zhou Dynasty, and other works. The Sui Dynasty (58 1 ~ 6 18), the Tang Dynasty (6 18 ~ 907) and the Five Dynasties (902 ~ 963) witnessed the gradual prosperity of Iraq and the United States. According to legend, during the Sui and Tang Dynasties, Master Zhang An (56 1 ~ 632) planted plum trees in front of the temple in Tiantai Mountain, Zhejiang Province. Song Jing, a famous minister in the Tang Dynasty, is a plum blossom in the snow.

There are some foreign words in Plum Blossom Fu, such as "One step in early spring, all day". Li, Du, Liu Zongyuan and Bai Juyi also have many famous sentences. According to poetry, plum blossom varieties in Sui, Tang and Five Dynasties mainly belong to Jiang Mei type and Guanfen type. In Sichuan, cinnabar varieties appeared in the Tang Dynasty, when they were called "red berries". "All Tang Poems" contains: "There are several red plums in Zhoushujun Pavilion". Today, there are many and good varieties of cinnabar in Chongqing county (that is, Gushuzhou), which obviously has its historical roots. The 400 years (960 ~ 1368) in Song and Yuan Dynasties was the heyday of China's ancient Yimei. Besides plum blossom poems and Mei Wen, plum blossom and plum blossom books also appeared. At the same time, Yimei's skills have been greatly improved, and the variety of colors has also increased significantly. Mei's poems were numerous in the Song Dynasty, and Ying Sui, written by Fang Hui in the late Song Dynasty, classified "plum blossom" as a category. Mei Ci is also many excellent works. Famous artists, such as Lin Bu (He Jing) in the Northern Song Dynasty, lived in seclusion in the lonely mountain of Hangzhou, and planted plum cranes, known as Mei's wife, the crane. There are many plum blossom poems, and the poem "The shadow is shallow and the fragrance floats at dusk" ("Xiaomei in the Mountain Garden") is even more vivid. Others, such as Su Shi, Qin Guan and Wang Anshi in the Northern Song Dynasty, Lu You, Chen Liang and Fan Chengda in the Southern Song Dynasty, all have plum blossom poems handed down from generation to generation. In Shang and Song Dynasties, Fan Chengda wrote Plum Tree (about 1 186), collected 12 plum varieties, and introduced the propagation and cultivation methods. This is the first monograph on plum blossom art in China and even in the world. In addition to introducing Jiang Mei type, Gongfen type and vermilion type, the book also introduces unprecedented "Yupan type" (namely "two-leaf plum"), "green calyx type" and "single apricot type". It belongs to plum blossom), Huang Xiang type (that is, Baixiangmei belongs to Huangxiangmei), dried plum type (flowering early, rare in China) and so on. In addition, Zhou Xu's "Luoyang Hua Mu Ji" (1082) recorded cinnabar (red plum) and other varieties. Zhang Ci's (Gong Fu) Mei Pin (1 185) and Song Boren's "Hua Jian Ji Xi Shen" (1239) are monographs on plum appreciation, poetry and painting. In the Yuan Dynasty, there was a plum-loving Wang Mian and Yongmei, who were obsessed with painting plums and planted thousands of plum trees in Jiudan Mountain. His paintings and poems of Mo Mei are well known. Zhao, Yang Weizhen, Xie Zongke, Monk Mingben, etc. Yongmei has famous poems. At present, there is a Yuan Mei in Caoxi Temple on the other side of Kunming Hot Spring, which was born more than 700 years ago. It twists and turns, and still blossoms and bears fruit every year. Ming and Qing dynasties; The scale and level of Iraq and the United States are constantly improving, and there are more and more varieties. In the Ming Dynasty (162 1 year), Wang recorded as many as 19 plum varieties, which were divided into three categories: Bai Mei, Hongmei and Yipin. Both Liu's and Liu's records of plum blossoms are rich in information. In the Ming Dynasty, Yongmei became more and more popular, and there were plum blossom poems in Yang Shen, Jiao Hong, Gao Qi and Tang Yin. Xú Zhēng, Yao Lai, Liu Ji, etc. , there are plum blossoms. There are 2 1 plum varieties in Flower City (1688) written by Chen Haozi in Qing Dynasty, among which' Taige' plum and' Zhaoshui' plum are both unprecedented new varieties. At that time, Suzhou, Nanjing, Hangzhou, Chengdu and other places were all famous for planting plum trees. Gong Zizhen (1792 ~ 184 1 year) wrote in The Story of the Sick Plum House: "Longpan in Jiangning, Deng Wei in Suzhou and Xixi in Hangzhou all produce plums." Rebuilding the County Records of Chengdu (1873) recorded in great detail "Dried Plum", "Bai Mei", "Official Chun Mei", "Zhaoshui", "Cinnabar" and "Green Calyx". At that time, Yongmei's books, essays and paintings were born one after another. Among the "Eight Eccentrics of Yangzhou", Li and the famous painters Jin Nong and Li are well known to the world. Technology 1. Planting can be done in the south, and cold-resistant varieties can also be planted in the Yellow River basin, but in the cold areas in the north, potted plants should be planted indoors in Chaoshan, Zhejiang Province.

It can be planted after defoliation and before germination in spring. In order to improve the survival rate, we should avoid damaging the root system and transplant with soil balls. The ground should be planted in the leeward and sunny places. Potted soil with 3 parts humus soil, 3 parts garden soil, 2 parts river sand and 2 parts decomposed fertilizer was selected. Watering after planting 1 time. Keep it in a cool place, and move it to the sun for normal management after the growth resumes. 2. Light and temperature like warm and sufficient light. Except for apricot varieties, it is generally resistant to-10℃ except -25℃. High temperature resistance, can grow at 40℃. It grows best in the area with annual average temperature 16 ~ 23℃. Very sensitive to temperature, it blooms when the average temperature reaches -5 ~ 7℃ in early spring. If it encounters low temperature, the flowering period will be delayed, and if it encounters low temperature, the flowering period can be extended. The growing season should be placed in a sunny and well-ventilated place. If it is in a cool environment with insufficient light, it will grow thin and bloom sparsely. Don't enter the room too early in winter, and it is advisable to1late October 165438+ to enter the room so that the flower buds can differentiate through the vernalization stage. In winter, it should be placed in a sunny place indoors and the temperature should be kept at about 5℃. 3. Pay attention to watering during the growth period of watering and fertilization. The soil in the basin should always be moist, and it can neither accumulate water nor be too wet or too dry. It is necessary to master the principle of watering. Generally speaking, water less when the temperature is low on cloudy days, or water more. You can water it twice a day in summer, once a day/kloc-0 in spring and autumn, and dry it thoroughly in winter. Fertilization is also reasonable. Before planting, base fertilizer should be applied and a small amount of potassium dihydrogen phosphate should be added. Before flowering, 1 potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 1 cake fertilizer should be applied to supplement nutrition. In June, 1 times compound fertilizer can be applied to promote flower bud differentiation. After defoliation in autumn, apply organic fertilizer 1 times, such as decomposed manure. 4. The pruning time can be carried out within 20 days after flowering. Give priority to with natural tree, cut off cross branches, erect branches, dead branches, too dense branches, etc. And cut short the side branches to promote the flowers to bloom. After potted plum blossoms are put into pots, they should be cut again to lay the foundation for bonsai. Plum piles are usually used as scenery to graft plum blossoms in various postures. Keep a certain temperature, and you can see plum blossoms in full bloom during the Spring Festival. If you want to blossom on May 1, you need to keep the temperature at 0 ~ 5℃ and the humid environment, move out in early April and keep it in a sunny and well-ventilated place, so that you can see the flowers around May 1. Flowering period control potted plum blossoms are generally for family viewing. After defoliation in winter, keep it indoors at 0 ~ 5℃, gradually raise the temperature to 5 ~ 10℃ after New Year's Day, fully receive sunlight every day, and often spray water on branches, and the humidity of water should be close to room temperature.

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In gardens, greenbelts, gardens and scenic spots, single planting, cluster planting, group planting, etc. It can also be planted naturally in front of houses, on slopes, between rocks and on roadsides. If evergreen trees or dark buildings are used as the background, the beauty of plum blossoms can be set off. Such as pine, bamboo and plum, with pine as the background, bamboo as the guest scene and plum as the main scene. In ancient times, it was emphasized that "plum blossoms around the house" and "going upstairs to see plum blossoms" were all for the best viewing effect. In addition, plum blossoms can be arranged into Meiling, Mei Feng, Meiyuan, Meixi, Meijing and Meiwu. Grafting propagation is often used in artificial cultivation, and the rootstocks are mostly plum, peach, apricot, apricot and peach. Plum blossoms should be cultivated in the open space on sunny or semi-sunny slopes with a spacing of 3 ~ 5m. Usually in the growing period, that is, from autumn to early winter, fertilizer is applied three times, such as cake fertilizer compost, manure and so on. Apply quick-acting fertilizer before budding; After the new shoots stop growing (from the end of June to the beginning of July), appropriate water control and fertilization are applied to promote flower bud differentiation. Plum blossoms are suitable for bonsai cultivation. Put the plants that have been cultivated in the field for several years in a flowerpot. Pot soil should be soft, loose and fertile, and it should be trimmed before and after planting.

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There are many kinds of plum blossom diseases, among which powdery mildew, leaf shrinkage and anthracnose are the most common. (1) powdery mildew. This disease often occurs in high humidity, high temperature and poor ventilation environment. In early spring and March, when plum blossoms germinate, buds and new leaves are easily infected by germs, and a thin layer of white powder will appear on the affected area, and then needle-like black or yellow particles will appear on the white powder layer, and the leaves will turn yellow and die in the later stage. (2) Leaf shrinking disease. You can spray tropicazine or carbendazim, or 1% bordeaux mixture once every other week for 3-4 times in total to cure it. (3) Anthracnose. At the initial stage of the disease, 70% Tobuzine 1000 times solution or 600 times solution of zineb can be sprayed for prevention and treatment. When other diseases are found, spraying the above two kinds of liquid medicine can also be effective.

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Medicinal value

Shennong's Classic of Materia Medica first pointed out the medicinal value of plums: "Shi Mei tastes sour and flat, and is mainly used for relieving qi, clearing away heat and relieving anxiety."

Stop limb pain, dry heartless, dead muscles, get rid of acne and eat bad meat. "Because of the different processing methods, the finished products are divided into Bai Mei and Mume. This processing method was recorded by Jia Sixie in Qi Yaomin's Book. Method for make Bai Mei: "sour plums, remove that core and pick them at first, dip them in salt juice at night and expose them at day. "Ten nights, ten dips and ten exposures will be done." The method of making ebony: "Also pick the plums when they are just forming, put them in cages, smoke them on the buds, and dry them." Li Shizhen, a famous pharmacologist in the Ming Dynasty, thought: Mume can "astringe the lungs and astringe the intestines, stop coughing for a long time, nausea and choking the diaphragm, expectoration, detumescence and phlegm, kill insects and detoxify fish, horse sweat and sulfur." Bai Mei, on the other hand, "treats apoplexy, epilepsy, throat obstruction, phlegm stagnation, and stiff teeth. Take plum pulp to wipe the gums, and then spit it out. It also treats diarrhea, polydipsia, cholera vomiting and bloody collapse. " This shows that plums have a wide range of medicinal uses. Modern medical research shows that plum buds can stimulate appetite, relieve depression, promote fluid production and eliminate phlegm, and promote blood circulation and detoxification. Root grinding can cure jaundice. Mume meat has the functions of astringing lung and astringing intestine, killing insects and promoting fluid production, and has obvious inhibitory effects on Escherichia coli, Shigella dysenteriae, typhoid Bacillus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Vibrio cholerae. Plum blossom mainly contains volatile oil, benzaldehyde, isoeugenol and benzoic acid. Mume mainly contains citric acid and sitosterol, and contains hydrocyanic acid when it matures. The decoction has inhibitory effect on staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, typhoid fever, paratyphoid fever, dysentery, tuberculosis and other bacteria and dermatophytes, and can reduce the occurrence of anaphylactic shock death in protein of guinea pigs. In addition, plum blossom can extract aromatic oil. According to Zhao Xuemin's Compendium of Materia Medica in Qing Dynasty, "Haicheng people are good at steaming plum and rose dew, which is used as shochu method. A little dew in each pot of wine will be fragrant." According to the different boiling points of aromatic oil and water, the ancients extracted aromatic oil by fractionation technology and used it as a food additive. Medicinal plum blossoms mainly include: FlosMume (UK) white flowers alias sour plum, yellow plum and Hehanmei. The source is the bud (Sieb) of Prunusmume. ) Sieb.etZucc of Rosaceae. Plant-type deciduous tree, with green branchlets, spiny branches, hairless top, alternate leaves, wide oval to ovoid, 4 4- 10/0cm long and 3-5.5cm wide, tapering top, wide wedge-shaped or nearly round base, serrated edge, light color below, hairy on both sides when young, and hairy only on the lower vein when old; Petiole hairy, stipules caducous. Flowers 1 ~ 2 are clustered, the first leaves are open and fragrant, and the sepals are 5, often purplish red, and often do not turn back after flowering; Petals 5, white, red or reddish, some double; Stamens numerous, carpels 1, densely pubescent. Drupe is nearly spherical, flat on both sides, with longitudinal grooves, 2 ~ 3 cm in diameter, yellow at maturity and pubescent. It blooms in March and bears fruit in May-June. It is cultivated all over the country.

Ornamental value

Plum blossom contains the aesthetic trend, emotional context and moral standards of the Chinese nation. Plum blossom is the soul of the Chinese nation, and it is naturally regarded as the "national flower". The beauty of plum blossom's own form first attracts people's attention to the appearance of things. The color, fragrance and shape of plum blossom are obvious and have high aesthetic value. China's aesthetics also emphasizes "writing God in form" and "looking up", so there is always a romantic yearning for flowers.