What does computer bios mean?

Bios stores the most important basic input/output programs, self-check programs after startup and self-startup programs of the system. It can read and write specific information of system settings from CMOS. In order to ensure the safety of the computer, a bios password is set for the computer. Let's see what computer BIOS means. Welcome to check!

What is BIOS?

The full name of BIOS is the basic input and output system, which is the most basic and important program in the computer. We store this program in a memory (chip) that does not need power supply, usually called BIOS. It provides the lowest and most direct hardware control for the computer, and completes the original operation of the computer according to the solidified contents in the BIOS. To be precise, BIOS is a "converter" or interface between hardware and software programs (although it is only a program itself), which is responsible for solving the immediate needs of hardware and executing it according to the running requirements of software for hardware. Computer users will come into contact with BIOS in the process of using computers, and BIOS plays a very important role in computer systems.

The word BIOS has a double meaning.

1, the abbreviation of the plural form of the English word Biography (-bios), which is generally pronounced as /'baious/.

2. In the computer field, BIOS is the abbreviation of "basic input and output system", translated as "basic input and output system", with the same pronunciation as the former. When the computer is running, it will first enter the BIOS, which plays a very important role in the computer system. The superior performance of a motherboard depends largely on whether the BIOS management function on the motherboard is advanced.

BIOS is an important parameter (term) in computer field.

strong function

Functionally, BIOS is divided into three parts:

Self-check and initialization

This part is responsible for starting the computer. It has three parts:

The first part is used to detect the hardware part of the computer when it is just turned on, which is also called POST. Its function is to check whether the computer is in good condition. Generally, a complete POST self-test will include CPU, 640K basic memory, 1M extended memory, ROM, motherboard, CMOS memory, serial port, graphics card, hard disk and floppy disk system and keyboard. Once in the self-test,

If an error is found in the self-inspection, it will be handled according to two situations: for serious failure (fatal failure), the machine will stop, and at this time, because various initialization operations have not been completed, no prompt or signal can be given; For minor faults, a prompt or an audible alarm signal will be given for the user to handle.

The second part is initialization, including creating interrupt vectors, setting registers, initializing and detecting some external devices, etc. One of the most important parts is BIOS settings, mainly some parameters settings of hardware. When the computer starts, these parameters will be read and compared with the actual hardware settings. If it is inconsistent, it will affect the startup of the system.

The third part is the boot program, whose function is to boot DOS or other operating systems. The BIOS first reads the boot record from the initial sector of the floppy disk or hard disk. If it is not found, it will show on the display that there is no boot device. If it finds it, it will transfer the control of the computer to the boot record, and the operating system will be loaded into the computer from the boot record. After the computer is successfully started, this part of the BIOS task is completed.

Functions of BIOS

The BIOS ROM chip can not only be seen on the motherboard, but also how the BIOS management function largely determines the performance of the motherboard. BIOS management functions include:

1, BIOS interrupt service program is essentially a programmable interface between software and hardware in microcomputer system, which is mainly used to connect program software functions with microcomputer hardware. For example, WINDOWS98 manages floppy disk drives, optical disk drives, hard disks and other services and programs, such as interrupt settings.

2.BIOS system setup program: the configuration records of microcomputer components are placed in a writable CMOS RAM chip, which mainly stores the basic information of the system, CPU characteristics, soft hard disk drives and other components. A "system setup program" is installed in the BIOS ROM chip, which is mainly used to set various parameters in CMOS RAM. This program can enter the setting state by pressing a key when it is started, which provides a good interface.

3. Self-check after startup: After the microcomputer is started, the system first checks the internal equipment through the (self-check after startup) program. Generally, a complete POST self-check will include test CPU, 640K basic memory, 1M extended memory, ROM, motherboard, CMOS memory, serial and parallel ports, graphics card, hard disk and floppy disk system and keyboard. Once a problem is found in the self-inspection, the system will give a prompt message or whistle a warning.

4. Bootstrap program started by BIOS system: After the system completes POST self-check, ROM BIOS first searches for soft hard disk, optical drive, network server, etc. According to the startup sequence saved in the CMOS settings of the system, effectively start the driver, read the boot record of the operating system, and then hand over the system control to the boot record, which completes the sequential startup of the system.

The BIOS has three main functions.

1, self-check and initialization: Start the BIOS after booting, and then thoroughly check and test the computer hardware equipment. If problems are found, they will be handled in two situations: serious failure and shutdown, without giving tips and signals; If the fault is not serious, a screen prompt or an audible alarm signal will be given for the user to handle. If no problem is found, set the hardware to standby state, then start the operating system and hand over the control of the computer to the user.

2. Program service: BIOS directly handles the I/O (input/output) devices of the computer, sends commands through specific data ports, and sends or receives data of various external devices, thus realizing the direct running of software programs on hardware.

3. Set interrupt: At startup, the BIOS will tell the CPU the interrupt number of each hardware device. When the user gives an instruction to use a device, the CPU will use the corresponding hardware to complete the work according to the interrupt number, and then jump back to the original work according to the interrupt number.

Is BIOS the same as CMOS?

BIOS is a set of computer programs for setting hardware, which are stored in the ROM chip on the motherboard. CMOS, usually pronounced as C-mo-se (pronounced as "Semu Room" in Chinese), is a read-write RAM chip on the computer motherboard, which is used to save the hardware configuration of the current system and the user's setting of some parameters. The CMOS chip is powered by the rechargeable battery on the motherboard, and the parameters will not be lost even if the system is powered off. CMOS chip only has the function of saving data, and the modification of various parameters in CMOS should be realized through BIOS setup program.

On CMOS discharge

I often hear computer experts or non-experts say, "Forgot your password? Discharge CMOS. " , what does this mean?

If you set an access password in the computer, but you happen to forget it, you will not be able to access the computer. Fortunately, passwords are stored in CMOS, and CMOS must be able to retain the data in them. So we can make the computer "give up" the password requirement by discharging CMOS.

Gymnastics is as follows:

Open the chassis, find the battery on the motherboard, and disconnect it from the motherboard (that is, take out the battery). At this time, CMOS will lose all the information stored in it because of power failure. Then turn on the battery, close the shell and start it. Since CMOS is blank, it won't ask you for a password. At this time, enter the BIOS setup program and select "Load BIOS Defaults" or "Load Setup Defaults" in the main menu. The former will start the computer in the safest way, while the latter will make your computer perform better.