Japan's population exceeds1.200 million, dominated by Yamato people. Japan is a member of G-8, G-20, World Trade Organization and Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation, and is the third largest economy in the world. Japan's scientific research and development capabilities rank among the top in the world. The Japanese people have a high quality of life and are one of the richest and most developed countries in the world. Tokyo, the capital, is the largest city in Asia and a leading city in the world. Japan's unique geographical conditions and long history have given birth to a unique Japanese culture.
Chinese name: Japan
English name: Japan
Abbreviation: Japan
Mainland: Asia
Capital: Tokyo
Major cities: Osaka, Nagoya, Yokohama
National Day: February 660 BC, 1 1.
National anthem: "Dai Jun"
Country code: JPN
Official language: Japanese
Currency: Japanese yen (￥ yen)
Time zone: East Zone 9
Political system: parliamentary monarchy
State leader: Emperor Akihito, Prime Minister: Shinzo Abe
Population: 65,438+27.95 million (20 1 1 year)
Population density: 337. 1 person/km2 (20 1 1 year)
Main ethnic groups: Hezu, Ryukyu and Ainu.
Main religions: Shinto and Buddhism.
Land area: 377,835 square kilometers (including territorial waters and small islands)
Water area ratio: 0.8%
Gross GDP: 5.984 trillion US dollars (20 12) international exchange rate.
Per capita GDP: USD 46,895 (20 12) international exchange rate.
International area code: 8 1
International domain abbreviation:. Sheriff
Road traffic: drive on the left.
National symbols: the emperor, cherry blossoms, chrysanthemums and pheasants.
Human development index: 0.9 12 (extremely high, 20 12)
Legal system: European legal system
Central Bank: Bank of Japan
Geographical highest point: Mount Fuji
First-level administrative divisions in Japan
Hokkaido prefecture
Hokkaido
Northeast China
Aomori prefecture? Iwate prefecture? Miyagi prefecture? Akita Prefecture? Yamagata prefecture? Fukushima prefecture
Guangdong local
Tokyo? Ibaraki prefecture? Tochigi prefecture? Gunma county? Saitama? Chiba Prefecture
Kanagawa prefecture
middle
Yamanashi prefecture? Nagano prefecture? Niigata prefecture? Gifu county? Shizuoka Prefecture? Aichi Prefecture
Toyama prefecture? Ishikawa prefecture? Fukui prefecture
Feng Jingen county
Kyoto prefecture? Osaka prefecture? Mie Prefecture? Shiga prefecture? Hyogo prefecture? Nara prefecture
Wakayama prefecture
China local
Tottori prefecture? Shimane prefecture? Okayama prefecture? Hiroshima prefecture? Yamaguchi prefecture
Shikoku county
Tokushima Prefecture? Kagawa prefecture? Ehime Prefecture? Kochi prefecture
Jiuzhou local
Kyushu main island
Fukuoka prefecture? Saga prefecture? Nagasaki prefecture? Kumamoto prefecture? Oita Prefecture? Miyazaki prefecture
Kagoshima Prefecture
Ryukyu Islands
Okinawa prefecture
The first administrative division of Japan is prefectures, and the whole country is divided into 1 prefectures, 1 prefectures, 2 prefectures and 43 counties.
Country name
Japan (English: Japan Japanese pronunciation: にほんNihon/にっぽんNippon) means "the country of sunrise" or "the country of sunset".
Highlights of Japanese Scenery (20 photos)
Historically, Japan once had other nicknames such as Daiwa, Japan and Fusang. [ 1]
national flag
The Rizhang flag, also known as the Sun Flag, is rectangular with an aspect ratio of 3:2 (the standard national flag length size). The flag is white with a red sun in the middle. The white base symbolizes purity and the center of the red sun symbolizes loyalty. Legend has it that Japan was created by the sun god, the emperor was Phobos Apollo, and the sun flag came from here. Ri Zhang's national flag has existed since ancient times. As an official flag, it was promulgated and formulated in the third year of Meiji (1870) according to Zheng Tai Official Gazette No.57 (Merchant Shipping Rules).
Asuka period
Main item: Asuka period.
Japanese envoy to the Tang Dynasty [7]
Asuka period was named after torii in Nara Prefecture (now Asuka Village, then the capital of Fujiwara). Buddhism spread through Baekje during this period. In 587, Sue defeated the Ministry of Sports and gained control of the imperial court. In 592 A.D., a royal woman who was related by marriage to the Su family ascended the throne and became Emperor Tugu. She nominated Shoto Kutaishi (Prince of Stairs Gate) as Regent and carried out political reforms centered on strengthening imperial power. Shoto Kutaishi has formulated the twelfth-order crown and seventeen constitutions; At the same time, envoys and international students were sent to study in the Sui Dynasty. Su I entered Luyi and killed his son, the prince of northern Shaanxi. In 645, the eldest brother Prince (Emperor Tianzhi) and Nakatomino Kamatari (Fujiwara Sickle Foot) conspired to assassinate Su I and entered Luyi, ending Su I's dictatorship. In the same year, Emperor Kotoku acceded to the throne, issued a new imperial edict to reform Dahua, and promoted Dahua's innovation.
In 672, Emperor Tianzhi died, and his son, the Prince of Judah, succeeded him as Emperor Hong Wen. Prince Hailmann, the younger brother of Emperor Tianzhidi, competed with him for a position, and war broke out. This is the famous Renshen rebellion in history. In 7 10, the Yuan and Ming emperors moved their capital to Pingchengjing, and the Asuka period ended.
Nara era
Main entrance: Nara era
The era with Nara as its capital. From 7 10 (and copper three years), Pingcheng well was built, and in 784 (extended for three years), Changgang well was moved to the capital, * * * *
Pingchengjing [8]
74 years. It is the heyday of the legal society, which is manifested in the political and economic system, class relations, culture and foreign relations. During the reign of Ren Guang and Emperor Kanmu, the imperial court tried to rectify the chaotic political situation, reduce financial expenditure, reform the military system, expand its territory to the northeast, seek plastic surgery and re-strengthen the legal system.
peacetime
Main items: peacetime
The historical era with Pingan Jing (Kyoto) as its capital began in 794 (13th year of Yan Li) when Emperor Kanmu moved its capital to Pingan Jing, and finally the Kamakura shogunate was established in 1 185 (the first year of Wenzhi), which lasted for 400 years. The manor system allows people who cultivate farmland to own farmland permanently. They form interest groups and annex the manor by force, which gradually becomes the source of military power in various places.
Kamakura shogunate
Main entrance: Kamakura era
After the Yuan Dynasty pacified Ping's family, it established a regime era with Kamakura as the national political center. It started in 1 185 (the first year of Wen Zhi) and ended in 1333 (the second year of Zhengqing and the third year of Justin), lasting 149 years. There were other theories: 1 180, 1 183, 1 192 (Yuan Laichao was appointed as a foreign general).
Yuan Shizu Kublai Khan invaded Japan twice during the reign of North Island. In the later period, tokugawa era gradually declined and could not be maintained. Finally, Daigo and his troops were defeated by the general and Ueno clan.
Southern and Northern Dynasties
Main items: Southern and Northern Dynasties
After the elimination of the Kamakura shogunate, Weiqi Daigo carried out the first royal restoration and implemented the New Deal, which was known as the Jianwu New Deal in history. Ashikaga and forced Go Daigo to abdicate. The new emperor Guangming appointed him as the general to conquer foreign countries in the Northern Dynasties. After Daigo abdicated Weiqi, he retreated to Yoshino (now Nara Prefecture) of Yamato with three artifacts symbolized by the Emperor, which was used by the Southern Dynasties and finally formed in the Northern and Southern Dynasties.
Muromachi shogun/Ashikaga shogun
Main items: Muromachi shogunate, Warring States Period
Zumu was originally a Ueno tycoon and a relative of the Kamakura shogunate general Yuanlaichao. Master Zumu opened a shogunate in Muromachi, Kyoto. The unification of the Northern and Southern Dynasties was carried out by the third generation general ashikaga yoshimitsu, who attempted to usurp the throne after reunification. But after his death, the fourth generation general Ashikaga Yoshimochi stopped it. In order to deal with the Southern Dynasties, Ashikaga had to set up a shogunate in Kyoto and a mansion in Kamakura, which led to chaos in Kanto.
When Ashikaga Yoshimasa, the eighth generation general, was in power, Ren Ying rebellion broke out because of the issue of inheritance, and the authority of the shogunate went from bad to worse. The name of Wei, which was originally sealed by the shogunate in various places, was gradually usurped by Wei Dai (adjutant), retainer and Chinese people, and some of them were able to maintain political power until the Warring States Period. From Ren Ying's rebellion to the demise of Ashikaga shogunate, it is called the Warring States Period.
Antutaoshan era
Main entrance: Antu Taoshan era
In the first year of Tianzheng (1573), Oda Shintai exiled the last general, Ashikaga Yoshiaki, and the shogunate was declared dead. After gradually becoming the most powerful army in China.
Toyotomi Hideyoshi
Leader, and began to actively expand the ruling territory, until the tenth year of Tianzheng (1582), Takeda was eliminated, Feng Jingen and the East China Sea were almost completely controlled, and its influence extended to China, Kameyama, Shikoku and Hokuriku. At this time, the actual political center of the country also moved to Oda clan in Antu city. In the same year, Akechi Mitsuhide launched the change of Beneng Temple, and Oda Noshin died (or disappeared). His eldest son, Oda Governor Oda Nobutada committed suicide after losing to Akechi Mitsuhide, and the whole Oda clan immediately fell into chaos.
1584, a battle broke out between Yukio Hatoyama and Tokugawa Ieyasu, a local famous soldier in the East China Sea. After some confrontation, the two sides reconciled and formed an alliance. In the same year, Dabancheng was completed, and Yukio Hatoyama took this as a base area and began to plan for the reunification of the country. After four large-scale Crusades, 1590, Toyotomi Hideyoshi, who was given the surname by the Emperor, completed the unification of the whole country, making Japan enter a peaceful period for the first time in a hundred years, and the actual political center of the whole country was transferred to Toyotomi's family in Osaka. 1598, Toyotomi Hideyoshi died, and the whole country fell into chaos again.
Edo shogunate
Main Item: Edo Period
The period from 1603 (the eighth year of Keio) to 1867 (the third year of Keio) is called the edo period, and the edo shogunate was established in Edo. Once the political stability, the economy will follow.
tokugawa bakufu
With the development of economy, the economy flourished in Tokugawa Tsukiji era, and Luyuan culture prevailed among businessmen and citizens. In the middle of Edo, the shogunate's finance was in trouble, and Tokugawa Jizong implemented the security reform to temporarily restore the finance, but it deteriorated again.
At the end of the year, the shogunate was forced to establish the country by European and American countries, and the unequal treaties such as the Japan-US Kanagawa Treaty were signed by Perry, which led to the split of the country. With the prosperity of the founding of the People's Republic of China and the thought of respecting the king and resisting the foreign countries, the authority of the shogunate plummeted due to the assassination of the shogunate and the battle of the baby race, and finally Tokugawa Yoshinobu returned the political power and territory to the imperial court.
Meiji era
Main terms: the return of the great government and the Meiji Restoration.
Meiji period (1868- 19 12) is called Meiji period.
After the ancient imperial edict and Chen Wu War, the imperial government of Meiji Japan was established by supporting imperial governors. The old princes lived in poverty under the New Deal.
Japanese samurai during the Meiji Restoration [9]
Bitter, evolved into a southwest war, and then gradually restore order. The new government actively introduced European and American systems, abolished vassals and set up counties. These reforms were called the Meiji Restoration. On the one hand, the new government established the state system, such as the establishment of the Imperial Parliament and the Constitution of the Great Japanese Empire; On the one hand, it has rapidly developed into a modern country under the impetus of the national policy of cultivating industry and strengthening military strength (making Qiang Bing a rich country). In addition, 1879 got its hands on Ryukyu, a tributary country of the Qing Dynasty, and changed it to Okinawa Prefecture. Japan won the Sino-Japanese War of 1894 and the Russo-Japanese War of 1904, and annexed South Korea on 19 10.
Culturally, Japan introduced new knowledge and art from Europe and America; With the individualistic novels that never appeared in Japan, literature began to appear, and a culture different from that before the Edo era began to appear. Religiously, it has changed the phenomenon of the confluence of gods and Buddhists (separation of gods and Buddhists) in the past, and there has been a movement to suppress Buddhism (abolishing Buddhism and destroying Buddhism) and so on.
Dazheng times
Main item: Dazheng Democratic Movement
Taisho period (19 12- 1926) is called Taisho period.
Emperor Taishi [10]
Emperor Meiji died in 19 12, and Zi Jiaren succeeded to the throne, which was the Taisho era. In the first year of Taisho, the first constitutional protection movement (namely Taisho Democratic Movement, Japanese: Taisho デモクラシー) was triggered by the collapse of the army, and party politics began to appear.
In the early period of Taisho era, there was World War I, which was the peak of Japan's national strength since Meiji Restoration. However, in 192 1 year, Emperor Taishō was regent by Prince Hirohito due to illness, and the Great Kanto Earthquake occurred in 1923. After World War I, Japan was losing ground in international peace conferences, and Japan's life became more and more difficult.
Powerful people and political parties constantly struggled, and the second constitutional movement took place and universal suffrage was implemented (1925). Saionji Kinmochi, the only veteran, recommended the Prime Minister and advocated "the normal way of constitutionalism".
Showa times
Main terms: 226 mutiny, World War II, Sino-Japanese War.
192665438+On February 25th, Emperor Taishi died and Crown Prince Hirohito succeeded to the throne, which was the Showa era. During the First World War, Japan's economy flourished.
Family of Emperor Hirohito [1 1]
Imperial soldiers gradually seized power. After the imperial army came to power, the Japanese launched a large-scale aggression against China. Japan became the main aggressor in the Far East and the Pacific in World War II. 1945 surrendered to the allied forces.
Political parties mushroomed after the war. The collapse of the Coalition government. Ji Tianmao re-entered the prime minister and formed a cabinet four times in a row, which is unique in Japanese history. After the signing of the San Francisco Peace Treaty, Japan resumed its national sovereignty. After Sato formed the cabinet, Japan's economy rose further and the United States returned Okinawa.
After the war, Japan's economy developed rapidly and became an economic power second only to the United States.
Heisei era
Main entry: Heisei era
Hirohito died in Showa 64 (1989) 1.7, and Zi Mingren succeeded to the throne. He died the next day (1.8) and changed to Heisei, which is called Heisei era (1.989 till now). 1993, due to the failure of the liberal democratic party to achieve political reform, the haneda faction rebelled in a no-confidence case, leading to the general election. In the Haneda school, Masayoshi Takemura and others quit the party to stand for election. 20 12 Shinzo Abe was elected prime minister.