Although plastic surgery is a new specialty with a history of nearly a hundred years, the surgery to repair body surface defects can be traced back to ancient times. For example, cleft lip was recorded in the Book of Jin in China BC, and nasal reconstruction and earlobe repair were recorded in India in the 6th-7th century BC. /kloc-in the 9th century, more and more people engaged in plastic surgery, especially the appearance of skin grafting and a large number of plastic surgery books, promoted the professional development of plastic surgery. Maxillofacial injuries played an important role in the treatment of World War I in the early 20th century.

As a discipline, plastic surgery in China began in the late 1940s, and in the early 1950s, some medical schools set up plastic surgery and set up special beds to treat all kinds of plastic surgery patients. Zhu edited Introduction to Plastic Surgery, Song Ruyao edited Prosthetics of Cleft Lip and Palate, Kong Fanhu edited Plastic Surgery of Hand Trauma and Kong Fanhu edited Practical Plastic Surgery. Zhang's Revision Surgery and Wang Liangneng's Plastic Surgery came out one after another, which made great contributions to the popularization and improvement of plastic surgery. Yang Guofan and Li Ji (1975) pioneered the free transplantation of forearm flap with vascular anastomosis, which was praised as "China flap" by foreign counterparts. For professional development and academic exchange, 1982 formally established China Plastic Surgery and Burn Professional Group, and 1985 formally established Plastic Surgery Society.

Plastic surgery mainly deals with skin, muscle and bone trauma, diseases, congenital or acquired defects and deformities of tissues or organs. Treatment includes repair and reconstruction. Autologous tissue transplantation is performed by surgery, and allogenic tissue or tissue substitutes can also be used to repair tissue defects or deformities caused by various reasons, so as to improve or restore physiological functions and appearance.

The medical classification of plastic surgery can be divided into ten categories.

Craniomaxillofacial surgery: treatment and reconstruction of facial trauma, facial fracture, cleft lip and palate and other congenital facial deformities.

Burn plastic surgery: short-term treatment and reconstruction of appearance or dysfunction caused by scars and deformities after burns. Skin grafting, skin flap transfer and catgut embedding dilator can be used in the operation. Among them, the scars of eyes and hands should be done as early as possible to solve the problem of dysfunction. Other parts of the scar can be operated after half a year until the scar is stable. Children should be operated as soon as possible, otherwise scar contracture and normal skin growth will lead to limb deformity and dysfunction, affecting the development of bones and limbs, and the harm is obvious. Moreover, after scar plastic surgery, the functional parts must be strengthened, otherwise it will affect the long-term effect.

3. Hand surgery: hand trauma, congenital malformation, limb reattachment, micro-flap transplantation, etc.

4. Microsurgery: it is a process of anastomosis and reconstruction of tiny blood vessels and nerves by using microsurgical technology and operating microscope or magnifying glass.

⒌ Cosmetic plastic surgery: it is the cosmetic correction and remodeling of the human body with normal anatomical structure and physiological function.

Orthopedic surgery: it is aimed at congenital malformation, limb amputation and trauma.

Private parts repair department: it is the repair of hymen and prepuce phimosis.

⒏ Cosmetic dentistry: Correcting and repairing uneven teeth or tooth color.

Pet-name ruby scar plastic surgery: aiming at the scar problem, it can achieve the beautification effect.

⒑ Hair plastic surgery: head plastic surgery with sparse hair, baldness and scalp trauma; Hair transplantation integrates hair detection, hair planting and scalp health management, and has three core technologies: FUT, FUE and the second generation FUE.

Plastic surgery is the youngest branch of surgery. Of course, people who love beauty are looking for plastic surgery, even ordinary people may be related to plastic surgery, because it covers a wide range, from Dot mole to scar removal to microscopic replantation of broken hands and feet, all of which belong to the field of plastic surgery.

After more than 20 years' development, in recent years, the plastic surgery industry in China has grown at a rate of more than 200% per year. In 2004, 6,543,800 people underwent plastic surgery, and the global average annual total of plastic surgery was $65,438,500,000. In 2003, the number of employees in the beauty industry alone reached 654.38+065.438+0.2 million, with the total number of institutions. Operating income1680.4 billion yuan, and output value accounts for 1.80% of GDP. The national beauty market has basically taken shape, and the plastic surgery industry has just started.