Pruning methods and techniques of apple trees. After planting, the height of the seedlings is 70 cm -80 cm, and 3 -4 strong lateral branches can sprout in the same year. From the second year to the completion of plastic surgery, about 40 cm of the central trunk should be cut off every year. However, varieties with strong branches can be preserved for a long time, and varieties with weak branches can be preserved for a short time to promote germination. Select 3 -4 lateral strong branches from the central trunk every year and cultivate them into the main branches that will bear fruit in the future. These branches should be spaced at a certain angle to avoid overlapping.

The spacing between upper and lower branches in the same direction should be kept above 50 cm -60 cm. In those days, the main branches should be staggered, and in winter, the main branches should be lightly cut and left long. If the annual growth of new branches reaches the specified length of main branches and the shoots are full, they cannot be cut short. All new shoots selected as backbone branches must be stretched manually during the whole growth period after bud germination, so that their angles increase and grow horizontally. Too dense branches can be thinned appropriately. Generally, it can be shaped after 4-5 years of planting. When the number of main branches reaches a predetermined number, the central trunk will fall off.

In order to change the ratio of leaves to branches and promote the formation of flower buds, summer pruning measures should be taken in summer and autumn, such as girdling, stripping, coring, twisting branches, thinning branches, pulling branches and taking branches, so as to promote the increase of short and medium branches and achieve the goal of "bearing early fruits and controlling crowns with fruits". When the fruit tree enters the full fruit stage, the branch axis is long and there are many branches, so it should be properly thinned. For each branch group, three groups of branches should be kept during pruning, namely, fruiting branches, vegetative branches and extended branches, so as to avoid the phenomenon of big and small years. The trunk branches of aging trees should be retracted and updated in a planned way to promote strong branches; Results The branches of the current year should be selected for short cutting to promote the growth of branches. For long branches that bear fruit for many years, they can be retracted to strong branches and strong buds to enhance their growth potential; At the same time, timely thinning flowers and fruits, strengthening fertilizer and water management and pest control, reducing the burden on trees, restoring tree vigor and prolonging the fruiting period.