Selection of yolk fruit planting park
Peach-shaped and bun-shaped yolk fruits can be planted in sunny, deep and fertile soil, sufficient water, convenient irrigation and drainage, and relatively flat places. However, in places with thick soil layer but poor soil and insufficient water, spherical and spindle-shaped yolk fruits should be planted.
Garden construction and planting
Cave planting preparation
The row spacing of light planting plants is 3m? 4m, planting hole 100cm? 80cm？ The row spacing of planting plants on a 60cm slope is 4m? 4m, planting hole 100cm? 100cm？ 60 cm. Planting holes are green manure, and soil miscellaneous manure is layered and pressed green. When planting, 50- 100 kg manure and 0.5 kg calcium superphosphate were mixed.
Field planting
Generally, the seeds are sown 3-6 months after the new shoots mature or before the new shoots are picked. Seedlings should be transplanted with soil to avoid damaging the root system. If soil can't be taken, the rough damaged roots should be cut off after emergence, and the roots should be soaked with ABT rooting powder, dipped in yellow mud, then put into wet straw and film and transported to the field. Before transplanting with or without soil, some shoots and leaves should be cut off. Before planting, soak the planting holes in water, cultivate them with water, and cover them with soil and grass. After planting, it is necessary to prevent shaking from damaging the roots and keep the soil moist.
management measure
Fertilizer and water management
sapling
According to the principle of thin application and diligent application, apply fertilizer one month after sowing, once a month, and apply 20g urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate10 g per plant; Fertilize once every two months from September to February, with 20g urea per plant and potassium dihydrogen phosphate 10g. In the second year, 30g urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate 15g were applied every month from March to August. Fertilize every two months from September to February, with 30 grams of urea and 20 grams of potassium dihydrogen phosphate per plant. In the third year, most young trees began to blossom and bear fruit. At this time, flowers should be picked, the amount of nitrogen fertilizer should be increased, and the vegetative growth of young trees should be promoted. In the third year, each plant was applied with 50g urea and 50 g potassium fertilizer15 g per month; Fertilize every two months from September to February, with 50 grams of urea and 20 grams of potassium fertilizer per plant. Egg yolk was put into production in the fourth year. Pay attention to irrigation during the whole young tree period to ensure normal growth.
full-grown tree
After planting for 4-5 years, the yolk fruit entered the high-yield period. Before the first flowering and at the end of March, the flower-promoting fertilizer, urea 100g, potassium sulfate 100g, calcium superphosphate 50g, borax 5 50 g, and a small amount of trace elements were applied in annular shallow furrow, accounting for 25% of the whole year. At the beginning of July, Guo Mu fertilizer, urea 100g, potassium sulfate 150g, calcium superphosphate 150g, oil cake 5kg, and manure 50kg were applied in radial shallow ditch, and the fertilization amount accounted for 50% of the whole year. Egg yolk bears fruit every year, but mid-l0 and mid-February are the two peak periods of fruit picking. Mature fruits account for 85% of the whole year in mid-February, and the fruit quality is the best. Therefore, the application of fruit fertilizer should be carried out in the middle and late February, digging ditches under the vertical line of crown width, and applying 50kg manure and 0% quicklime to each plant. 5kg, combined with spraying foliar fertilizer. Water supply should be ensured during the strong fruit period, water control should be properly carried out before flowering to promote flower bud differentiation, and water control should be carried out after fruit ripening to prevent fruit cracking.
soil management
Mulching with grass can prevent weeds from growing, increase soil moisture and improve soil physical and chemical properties. Magnolia is the best covering material. At the same time, according to the growth status of young trees, holes should be expanded and soil improved in a planned way. Weeds are removed by light tillage in the tree tray, and grass is covered on the tree tray to reduce the growth of weeds.
Plastic pruning and flower and fruit protection
sapling
In order to make young trees bear fruit early, young trees should give priority to vegetative growth and cultivate good tree structure in the first three years. The crown of the tree adopts a natural semi-circular head shape, and it enters a high-yield period, with less hitting and more staying, and more cutting. In the third year after planting, the flower buds of yolk fruit differentiate, and all the flower buds should be erased to ensure nutritional growth. For 4-year-old trees, the middle and upper branches of the crown are cut short in summer, and the fruit yield of the crown is controlled within 5kg/ plant. Immediately after each pruning, fully spray l-2 degree stone sulfur mixture, and evenly spray it inside the crown, outside the crown and on the trunk. After that, the output gradually increased, and it officially entered the rich period in 8 years.
full-grown tree
Pruning after fruit picking: on the basis of maintaining a good tree structure, pruning is carried out after fruit picking, and the bearing mother branches are rotated and updated to cultivate strong bearing mother branches on the main branches and auxiliary branches. The number of fruits of secondary branches accounts for 80% of the total number of fruits. At the same time, cut off dead branches, twigs, diseased branches, shaded branches, clustered branches, retracted cross branches, ground branches, etc. In the flat area, it is necessary to dredge the row spacing of the tree crown and keep the row spacing at 60- 90cm to ensure the ventilation and light transmission of the orchard. After pruning, spray l-2 degree stone sulfur mixture on the crown.
Bud stage management: from April to June, after budding to full flowering, branch control and flower control are determined according to the number of new shoots, flower quantity and tree vigor, which are divided into three categories: the first category, when the tree is strong, there are many flowers and few new shoots, it is mainly to control flowers and cut off too many, too dense and too weak flowering branches or branches on the crown; The second type, with moderate tree vigor, moderate flowers and bearing branches, mainly focuses on controlling new shoots, cutting off branches with the same fruit stalks outside the crown and 50% new shoots in the middle and upper part of the crown, and erasing vigorous summer shoots; In the third category, if the tree is in moderate growth, with few flowers and many new shoots, it is mainly controlled by new shoots, and the summer shoots inside and outside the crown should be cut off repeatedly until the full flowering period, and the new leaves should not exceed 40% of the old leaves.
Fruit protection: spray fruit protectant, 2,4-D5-10mg/l, erythromycin 5? 10mg/l or 20-40mg/l and other plant growth regulators. Fruit thinning: after two physiological fruit drops 12 weeks (the second physiological fruit drop in the sixth week of fruit setting of yolk fruit, the fruit drop rate is low, accounting for 0.3% of the total fruit drop), timely thinning out insects, deformed fruits, small fruits with excessive density, fruit drop and top fruit. The amount of fruit thinning is determined according to the variety and tree potential, but at most 2-3 fruits are left in each inflorescence.
Diseases and Pests Control of Egg-yolk Fruit There are few diseases and pests of Egg-yolk Fruit. Common pests are scarabs, termites and a few scale insects.
Bagging egg yolk can prevent sunburn, reduce pests and diseases, especially prevent birds from pecking. Fruits are bagged with double-layer breathable paper bags, and fungicides are sprayed once before bagging, and the effect is good when sunny days are selected.
1. Scarabs mainly harm the young leaves and shoots of spring shoots in Zhixia, and can be controlled with l500 times dimethoate, or by using the phototaxis of adults, they can be trapped and killed with black lights at the edge of orchards.
2. Termites mainly harm the roots of old trees, and can be controlled with 48% Robam1000-1500 times solution.
3. A small amount of scale insects can be killed by spraying 40% chlorpyrifos 100-500 times, which has certain control effect.