A brief history of cultivation and flower culture: Nandianzhu's branches are as tall and straight as bamboo, its feathers stretch beautifully, it turns red in autumn and winter, and it is extremely gorgeous, and its ears are covered with red fruits, which are bright and dazzling. In the Song Dynasty, Yang Xunzhai's poem said: "After the rain, the red color is lighter and rounder in bloom, Zhu Ming. Anyone who is annoyed by people's heat can be cured, as long as the fragrance is light and the karma is clean. " It describes the small white flowers blooming after the rain in summer, and the branches are covered with lovely small round fruits, which makes people forget the heat of summer, and the fragrance of small flowers relieves troubles and brings happiness. Garden use: appreciate young leaves in spring, white flowers in summer and fruits in autumn and winter. Ginkgo is a very rare indoor foliage, flower and fruit viewing. They are planted in the yard or placed as potted plants outside the hall or by the pool in the hall, all of which are dazzling. The fruit branches of Nandina domestica are often inserted in bottles filled with blooming wintersweet and pine branches, which is a metaphor for the three friends of pine, bamboo and plum. In the garden, rocks, Ophiopogon japonicus and rhododendrons are often planted in clusters in front of the courtyard house, beside the grass or at the corner of the garden road.
Ecological characteristics: evergreen erect shrub, with many branches and few branches, 2 ~ 3 pinnate compound leaves spreading horizontally, with a total length of about 30cm, leathery lobules, elliptic lanceolate. White flowers with terminal panicles. Berries are spherical, with red, purple, yellow and blue. The tree is natural and unrestrained, and the modeling style is like bamboo. In autumn and winter, the leaves are red and there are many red fruits, which will last for a long time and have high ornamental value. Like semi-cloudy environment, strong sunshine in summer, easy to burn leaves, should be properly shaded; In spring, the sun shines directly and plants thrive; Sunlight in autumn and winter irradiates plants, making the leaves turn from green to red, which increases the ornamental effect. The optimum temperature of nandina domestica is 20℃-25℃. Because of its superior and elegant shape, it is often used to make bonsai or potted plants to decorate windowsills, halls and venues.
Ecological habit: Nandina domestica is cold-resistant. When the temperature drops to -3℃-4℃ in winter, it won't freeze, and the heat can't stand it. Its growth room temperature is 20℃-30℃, and it likes sunshine and is quite tolerant to shade. In all shade environments, its leaves are green, and under the scorching sun, the leaves often look scorched and rough. It is not strict with the soil, grows particularly well in slightly acidic humus soil, is also drought-resistant and barren, and likes warm and humid climate and well-ventilated semi-cloudy environment.
Nandina domestica originated in Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui, Jiangxi, Fujian, Hubei, Sichuan, Shaanxi and other provinces. Japan also has it. Greenhouse cultivation in northern China is semi-cloudy, and it is often planted under trees or in the north and east of houses in the courtyard. When planting Nandina domestica, it is best to plant it in the sun in the morning and in the shade in the afternoon. It avoids strong light, although it can grow under strong light, but its leaves are often red and grow poorly. If you grow in the shade for a long time, you will often get few fruits. Too much shade will make the branches and leaves grow slender and the fruit will be less. If the leaves are brown in the sun, it is best to put them in a semi-shade. Pot soil should not be too dry or too wet, and it should be kept moist, especially in the flowering and fruiting period, and the watering amount should be stable, a little more than usual. Too much moisture will cause flowers to fall and fruits to fall. On the 2-year-old or 3-year-old branches, Nandina domestica takes out the annual branches to blossom and bear fruit. Therefore, pruning should not be excessive, otherwise it is difficult for old branches to pull out new branches and it is difficult to blossom and bear fruit. Apply less nitrogen fertilizer and more phosphorus and potassium fertilizer every 20 days for half a month. Don't smear it during flowering and fruiting to promote flowering and fruiting. Don't apply too much water and fertilizer when the new buds germinate, so as to avoid the buds and leaves falling off and affecting the ornamental effect. Like warm and humid climate, the growth temperature is about 20℃, and the cold resistance is strong. Growing in Beijing, central Hebei and other courtyards, you can overwinter in the open air with a little cold protection. It needs fertile sandy loam with good drainage. The requirement for moisture is not strict, and the growth rate is slow. I like fertile sandy loam rich in humus.
Propagation techniques: There are four propagation methods of Nandina domestica: ramet propagation, sowing propagation, cutting propagation and seed propagation. After the fruit is ripe, it can be sown with the harvest, put into a temperature-controlled greenhouse after sowing, and emerge after 3 months, and emerge one after another in the following year after sowing in autumn. It is mainly based on ramet propagation, and the roots of wild old plants can be excavated for planting. In recent years, sowing and cutting are also common. 1. Sowing method: Seeds should not be stored for a long time. It is best to sow with the harvest or store in the sand, because the seed has a long after-ripening period and it is difficult to germinate in about 120 days. Sow seeds in spring in March, and set up a shade shed to prevent sun exposure. It is difficult for seedlings to germinate, and it takes 3 months to emerge. 2. Cutting method: annual outdoor twigs are selected as cuttings for cutting and cut into small pieces with the length of 15cm. In summer, you can also insert Kechun for shade and cover it with plastic film to keep moisture. Remove all the leaves from the stem with the top of the annual branch, so as not to hurt the bud eye. Insert them vertically into moist and fertile sandy loam, and avoid loosening soil and fertilizing before rooting. 3. Plant-dividing method: February-March combined with changing pots. Carefully divide the germinated plants into several clusters, plant them with roots and put them in flowerpots respectively. 4. Seed propagation: collect seeds in autumn and sow immediately after harvest. On the whole seedbed, furrow was dug, the row spacing was 33 cm, the depth of furrow was about 10 cm, and the sowing amount was 90- 120 kg per hectare. After sowing, cover plant ash and fine soil and compact. In the second year, the seedlings grow slowly, so it is necessary to weed frequently, loosen the soil and apply light human and animal manure. Pay attention to intertillage weeding every year in the future. Topdressing, after 3 years of cultivation, can be planted in the nursery. Transplantation should be carried out after the spring rain. The plant spacing is 100 cm. Dig out the seedlings with soil before planting. If you can't take them away, you must use fine mud roots to survive after planting.
There are many buds in the rhizosphere of nandina domestica, and every 2 -3 years, it is propagated by dividing plants and changing pots. Potted Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. Shallow pots should be used because the root system is short and deep planting is not prosperous. Potted plants can be made of humus and surface sand. When you get to the edge of the basin, you can uproot and expose your claws, take a lot of dry plants and add stones. If the mountain is steep and cool, water should be sprinkled frequently to increase the air humidity, and the basin soil should not be too wet. Apply liquid fertilizer once every 20 days or so. To prevent heatstroke and cool down in summer, it is best to put it in a semi-shady place outdoors, and getting wet often is good for its rooting. Nitrogen and phosphorus mixed fertilizer was applied every two months during the growth period, and 1% ferrous sulfate liquid fertilizer was added. After beginning of autumn, the sunshine became more abundant, and it moved indoors for the winter in late June, that is, 65438+ 10. In winter, fertilization should be stopped, watering should be controlled, and it should be placed in a sunny place indoors, and the indoor temperature should be kept at about 65438 05℃. Should avoid the room temperature is too high, resulting in too dry environment, leading to falling leaves, affecting viewing.
Cultivation management: Nandina domestica is suitable to use slightly acidic soil, requiring high humidity, but not waterlogging, and topdressing 2-3 times a year. The pot can be turned 1 time in 2 years. Old piles dug back from Shan Ye can be used as bonsai, while young tillers used to make miniature bonsai, and they had to bring soil balls to the pots. It can be prepared according to the ratio of 5 parts of sandy soil, 4 parts of humus soil and manure 1 part. Before planting, cover the drainage hole at the bottom of the basin with broken tiles, preferably with a layer of charcoal, which is beneficial to drainage and sterilization. Generally speaking, the roots of plants are covered with soil. If there are broken, torn, blackened or redundant roots, they should be cut off. Plant plants by adding soil according to the conventional method, water them and put them in the shade. After about 15 days, you can see the sun. Change the pan every 1 ~ 2 years. Usually, the plants are taken out of the pot, the old culture soil is removed, most of the roots are cut off, and the delicate and short techniques are removed. It is advisable to leave 3 ~ 5 plants, plant them in pots with culture soil and manage them in the shade. It will be managed normally after half a month.
Potted soil can be made of humus soil, sandy soil and garden soil in a ratio of 4: 4: 2. The basin bottom should be covered with a layer of coarse sand or broken tiles to facilitate drainage. Pay attention to strengthen the management of water and fertilizer in the growing period after cooking; Pot soil should keep a certain humidity, not too dry. Water should increase or decrease with the change of seasons, and the amount of water should not be too much at a time. Generally, water is poured once a day in spring and autumn. Watering twice a day in summer, spraying water around leaves and flowerpots to increase air humidity; Reduce the temperature
Nandina domestica is best kept in a semi-cool, cool and humid place. In hot summer, it should be shaded properly, and it is best to keep it in a semi-shady place with a light transmittance of about 50%, otherwise the leaves will turn dark red under direct sunlight. Under strong light, the stubby stems turn dark red, the young leaves "burn" and the adult leaves turn red; It is also not conducive to fruiting. Be careful not to water it too much, let alone expose it to the sun, or it will fall easily. But in a very cool place, the stems will be thin, the leaves will grow, and the plants will be loose, which will damage the ornamental value. In order to promote growth, pancake fertilizer and water will be applied every half month, and dry fertilizer can be applied in rainy season, about 20 grams per pot, once a month/kloc-0. Fertilization will stop in mid-September. Before the cold dew festival, move it indoors and put it on a desk or coffee table to see the fruit. Control water in winter. Nandina domestica is not strict about temperature, so it should bask in the sun in the morning and evening, and spray branches and leaves with warm water close to room temperature every other week or so to keep the leaves fresh and beautiful. The suitable growth temperature of nandina domestica is about 20℃, the suitable flowering and fruiting temperature is 24 ~ 25℃, and it is generally not lower than 0℃ when it is moved into greenhouse in winter. Moved out of the house after Tomb-Sweeping Day the following year.
Nandina domestica should be watered wet and dry. Water frequently in dry season to keep the soil moist; Water the leaves once a day in summer and spray them 2 ~ 3 times to keep them moist and prevent them from burning and damaging their appearance. Pay special attention to watering when flowering, so as not to dry the soil, and sprinkle water on the ground to improve the air humidity, so as to improve the pollination rate. Plants are semi-dormant in winter, so don't get the soil too wet. The watering time should be in the morning and evening in summer and at noon in winter. During the growth period of Nandina domestica, thin fertilizer should be applied to the fine seedlings for about half a month (organic fertilizer containing more phosphorus should be applied). Dry fertilizer should be applied to adult plants three times a year, in May, August and June, 5438+ 10 respectively. The third time, when you move indoors for the winter, you should apply fertilizer. The fertilizer can be fully fermented cake fertilizer and sesame paste residue. Generally, the first and second fertilization amount is less, and the third fertilization amount can be increased. During the growth period, the sprouting branches and dense branches at the roots are cut off, and the branches with long ear are cut off, leaving 1 and two lower branches to ensure the beautiful plant shape and facilitate flowering and fruiting. Under the condition of poor ventilation, Nandina domestica is vulnerable to scale insects and sooty blotch. When coal pollution occurs, it can be washed with clean water. If there are both scale insects and coal pollution, 0.3 ~ 0.5 stone sulfur mixture can be sprayed.
Potted nandina domestica should be turned over once every two years. When changing pots, the plants should be trimmed properly. Trunk is truncated to control its growth height; Prune dead branches and uneven branches. By pruning and shaping, Nandina domestica can grow healthily, sprout more new buds, and achieve the ornamental effect of dense leaves, many flowers and full fruits. Usually watering should not be too much, just keep the soil moist; There should be enough water in flowering period to facilitate normal flowering; It is hot in summer, so water it 1 time every morning and evening, and sometimes "three-pronged" (basin soil watering, plant spraying and ground spraying) is needed to improve the air humidity. There is little water in winter. During the spring growth period, pancake fertilizer solution or "compound fertilizer" containing nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium can be applied 2-3 times a month; It is best to topdressing 1 double phosphate fertilizer-bone meal at germination to promote large, bright, long flowering period and high fruit setting rate. Turn the pot every 2-3 years 1 time, combined with root pruning, soil replacement or plant arrangement adjustment.
Bamboo in the south is evergreen all the year round. Ginkgo biloba is like coral in autumn and winter, and can be used as potted plants and bonsai. Fruits, roots and leaves are used medicinally. Its roots and leaves are medicinal, have the effects of strengthening tendons and activating collaterals, diminishing inflammation and detoxifying, and the fruit is an antitussive. The whole plant is poisonous, mainly containing tetrahydropalmatine and tetrahydropalmatine. Poisoning symptoms such as convulsions, spasms and coma are easily caused after eating by mistake.