This is a high-yield cultivation method aimed at producing fruit (ginkgo biloba). The technical points are as follows:

1. Garden selection requires that the soil layer is deep and loose, the ground slope is below 15 degrees, and it is best to have irrigation facilities. You can also plant ginkgo in other orchards that will be abandoned first, and then cut down other fruit trees when ginkgo bears fruit.

2. It is best to use good seedlings that grow for one year after grafting, or to plant rootstock seedlings first and then graft with improved scions the next year. Plant 630 plants (4m× 4m) or 420 plants (4m× 6m) per hectare.

3. The best soil preparation method is strip soil preparation, with the width of 1.0 ~ 1.5m and the depth of 0.8 ~1.0m. You can also use 1 m square hole for soil preparation. Combined with soil preparation, 37,500 ~ 75,000 kg of organic fertilizer is applied per hectare. It is best to prepare the soil before summer and plant it in autumn, or prepare the soil before winter and plant it in the next spring. After the land is leveled, water it 1 ~ 2 times, harrow it and keep it moist, and plant it.

4. Planting should start in the middle of March in spring and end at 10 in autumn and start at 1 10 (frost falls to beginning of winter). When planting, pay attention to keep the lateral roots stretched, step on the soil, and the buried depth passes through the original soil seal (rhizome) 1 ~ 2 cm. The plots with serious underground pests can be controlled by 90% crystal trichlorfon or 3% carbofuran toxic soil. Irrigation immediately after planting, and shallow hoeing in time to keep moisture. In addition, a certain number of male plants matching the female plants should be planted in the windward direction of the high-yield garden. In general, 100 female plants have 1 male plants.

5. Try to expand the furrow dug in the original soil preparation year by year (width 1.0 ~ 1.5m) until rows of ginkgo biloba are dug through. Generally, ginkgo leaves fall behind every year. Before the ground freezes, only 1 m wide and 0.5 m deep can be dug and organic fertilizer applied. After filling the soil, water it once. Water once in early April, 65438+early February. So as to facilitate spring germination and overwintering.

May-June is the peak period for the growth of branches, leaves and roots of Ginkgo biloba, so it is necessary to water and irrigate for 2-3 times and fertilize for 2 times. 10 Fertilize and irrigate again in early October. Urea 15 ~ 20kg each time. Corn, soybean, sesame and other crops can be interplanted between rows of ginkgo. Generally, it can only be interplanted for 2 ~ 3 years.

In the fifth year after grafting, the yield of Ginkgo biloba in a good seed orchard can reach 2. 1 ~ 5.5 kg per plant and 502.5 ~ 1282.5 kg per hectare.

(2) Ginkgo Garden

Generally, 15000 ~ 30000 plants are planted per hectare, or even more densely. Five years later, about 22,500 kilograms of fresh leaves (about 7,500 kilograms of dry leaves) can be produced per hectare every year. However, there must be reliable sales or processing channels to build a leaf garden, and the risk of blindly building a garden is too great.

(3) Planting trees on all sides

Garden and roadside planting should choose large seedlings, that is, the height is above 3.0 ~ 3.5 meters, and DBH is above 2.5 cm. Generally, there are various rows on both sides of the roadside, with a spacing of 5 ~ 6 meters.

(4) Key points of production and cultivation techniques

1. Dwarf varieties are suitable for close planting to establish a close planting garden, and the spacing between plants is 2.5m× 3m or 2m× 2.5m ..

2. It is necessary to configure pollinated trees for dioecious Ginkgo biloba, and the ratio of pollinated trees is 1: 8 ~ 10.

3. Trim the general crown deviation of grafted young trees, rationally allocate the backbone branches through shaping, make the main branches evenly distributed, and gradually make them form fruit trees with low trunk, many main branches and good crown shape.

4. Strengthen the management of soil, fertilizer and water. Ginkgo likes fat and water, but ginkgo is afraid of both waterlogging and drought. Therefore, proper irrigation and drainage are needed in rainy season.

Ginkgo trees are fertilized 2 ~ 3 times a year, which are called "long leaf fertilizer", "long fruit fertilizer" and "body fertilizer" respectively. The application time of long-leaf fertilizer is around Grain Rain Festival, and the fertilization amount is 200 kg per plant (or 2.5 ~ 5 kg of multi-element compound fertilizer). Master the principle of applying more to big trees and less to small trees. Fertilization time of long fruit fertilizer can be before the first ten days of July, sooner rather than later, and quick-acting fertilizers, such as urea and ammonium bicarbonate, are mainly used, and the fertilization amount can be doubled according to the fertilization amount of long leaf fertilizer. The fertilization time of nutrient fertilizer can be from mid-September to early October of 10, that is, after the seeds are harvested, decomposed manure and compost are mainly used, and the fertilization mode is mainly radial. In addition, foliar fertilizer can also be added. Commonly used fertilizers are (0.3%) urea solution, plant ash clarified solution (ash 1 water 10), calcium superphosphate clarified solution (calcium 1 water 10, after clarification, add 45 parts of water), and potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.5% and 0.5%.

(5) management of ginkgo fruit after picking.

It is very beneficial for the growth and fruiting of ginkgo trees to strengthen management after harvesting. First, it can increase tree nutrients, second, it can promote flower bud differentiation, third, it can enhance growth momentum, fourth, it can safely overwinter, and fifth, it can increase future annual output. After the fruit is harvested, the following measures should be taken for management.

1. Apply sufficient base fertilizer to ensure that nutrients are dug in the annular ditch or radial ditch at a suitable depth (generally about 60 cm) around the trunk. Under normal circumstances, soil fertilizer100 ~150kg, urea 0.5 ~1.0kg, and phosphate fertilizer 0.75kg should be applied to each young tree, and reduced as appropriate. The fertilization time is about 10 day after fruit picking, and the soil is covered immediately after fertilization.

2. Turn over the tree tray deeply, after harvesting the fruits with developed roots, turn over the tree tray once, generally about 50 cm deep, and cut off some old roots to promote them to grow new roots, so as to improve the wintering and freezing resistance of ginkgo tree roots.

3. Irrigation before freezing to prevent cold and keep warm. Before the ground freezes, irrigate slowly to ensure the water consumption for nutrient synthesis and accumulation of trees, and enhance the ability of root system to keep warm, moisturize, freeze and cold. According to the experiment, it is best to irrigate before defrosting, which can generally increase the ground temperature by about 2℃.

4. Remove deciduous weeds and control pests and diseases. The diseased branches, leaves and weeds around ginkgo trees should be removed as soon as possible, burned or buried deeply, which can not only prevent the recurrence of old diseases of ginkgo trees, but also eliminate cocoons of overwintering yellow thorn moths and black moths.